题目
题型：期末题难度：来源：
solutions for getting some rest:
Neil B. Kavey, MD, Director, Sleep Disorders Center, New York Presby- terian Hospital | The sleep specialist. Try behavior changes and proper use of medication. At night, keep away from bright light. In the morning, open the shades and go out for a walk, to tell your brain, "This is, the beginning of the day." You can try OTC sleep aids, but if you suffer for more than three weeks, see a doctor. Drugs are safe when used properly, and better than the consequences of not sleeping. |
Cerald Lemole, MD Associate Medical Director, Christiana Care Center for Heart and Vascular Heal- th, Wilmington, Delaware. | The alternative source. Stress often plays a role in insomnia, so try to change your reaction to it. Don"t exercise or eat at the end of the day, and avoid or limit caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Enjoying a warm bath can help. Also, try taking l,000 mg of calcium (钙) (it may calm your muscles and nerves, helping you sleep ). |
Lisa Derosimo, MD, Owner, The Weight and Wellness Center, Jupiter, Florida | The nutritionist. Go to bed and get up at the same time daily. Keep your room dark and quiet, and remove distractions (no working in bed). Have a cup of herbal (草药) tea, such as chamomile (甘菊), to relax your body. And remember, people who eat a healthy diet of whole grains, fruits and vege-tables, and low-fat protein feel better and sleep better. |
Sandra McLanah- an, MD, Medical Director, Integral Health Center, Buckingham, Virginia | The mind/body pro. Lying in bed, starting from your legs and moving up to your head, tense your muscles one at a time, then release. Your body will feel more relaxed, like a rubber band after it"s been stretched. And try alternate-nostril (鼻孔交换的) breathing. Exhale (呼气) through one nostril, using your fingers to close the opposite nostril. Breathe in and out; then switch back and forth. |
| 1-5: BAADB | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Hiking is not only one of the best forms of physical exercise, but it is also one of the best forms of mental relaxation. It is good for all ages and especially good as a family and group activity. Since there are so many different kinds of hiking, it is not possible to give any general rules to follow. Short and frequent hikes, needing no planning or special equipment, are enjoyed by most people. * Keep in shape by walking at a fast pace for at least 15 minutes every day. Climbing stairs instead of using a lift and running not too far is also a good way of keeping in shape. * On any hike nothing is more important than good, comfortable shoes. * The things you take might include matches in a waterproof box, a knife, compass, map, first aid items and flashlight. * Cameras may be taken, but don"t load with too much. * On longer hikes keep a comfortable, steady pace and take rest stops often. * Drink only safe water. If in doubt, boil the water. * Don"t go along the busy roads. When you have to use a road, keep as far over on the left as possible. * Leave word at home or some other places as to where you are going and when you plan to return. * On almost any hike, a map is a good idea. If going into a strange place, a detailed map is most helpful. * Take along a field guide on flowers, birds, rocks, or other subjects depending upon your interests. This can add greatly to the enjoyment and educational value of your hike. | |
| 1. The author feels that the most essential thing on a hike is ____. | |
| A. a new map B. a set of outdoor tools C. a pair of good shoes D. only safe water | |
| 2. The author thinks that hiking is especially valuable for ____. | |
| A. single persons B. families C. old people D. everyone | |
| 3. Generally speaking, hiking is ____. | |
| A. a relaxing form of exercise B. a dangerous activity for older people C. not as popular as it was once D. a good way of keeping in shape | |
| 4. The author mostly talks about ____. | |
| A. general rules for hiking in mountainous areas B. steps to be taken against dangerous animals C. general things that should be paid attention to in hiking D. all the things that are needed in hiking | |
| 5. The author suggests ____. | |
| A. leaving cameras at home B. drinking water from streams only C. carrying more clothes D. keeping away from heavy traffic | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| About 97% of the world"s water is salty and is found in our oceans and seas. But, as we can"t drink seawater, how can it be important? Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths. Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food. These simple plants called algae (海藻) drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. In fact, algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe. How important seawater is! Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain. The algae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals, which are in turn consumed by larger animals. These food chains are delicately balanced. The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man. People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didn"t matter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food. But we now know this is not true and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop. Thankfully, the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect marine habitats (海域). Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions (限制) to protect fish stocks in the oceans and new techniques are being pioneered to deal with pollution. Finally, the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people. This is just the beginning of a long process to protect the oceans for our future. We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet. How important seawater is! | |
| 1. Which of the following is the proper order of the food chain? | |
| A. small animals→algae→microscopic animals→large animals man B. algae→microscopic animals→large animals→larger animals→man C. small animals→algae→large animals→microscopic animals→man D. microscopic animals→algae→large animals→larger animals→man | |
| 2. People used to think that the rubbish thrown into the sea ____. | |
| A. wouldn"t harm the fish in the sea B. would change the balance of the food chain C. would be broken down in the sea D. wouldn"t do much harm to the sea | |
| 3. From the passage, we learn that ____. | |
| A. most fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seas B. it is very difficult to break the balance of a food chain C. too much fishing has caused the decrease in fish stocks D. it won"t be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved | |
| 4. Which of the following is NOT a way being used to protect oceans? | |
| A. The use of international agreements. B. Forbidding fishing to protect fish stocks. C. The use of new techniques. D. Raising people"s awareness of the need to protect oceans. | |
| 5. What would be the best title of the passage? | |
| A. The importance of seawater. B. Life in the oceans. C. How to protect food chains. D. How to deal with seawater pollution. | |
| 根据短文内容，回答问题。 | |
| For most Americans, a clean glass of water is just a faucet away. But for many of the world"s poorest people, it"s hard to get. On Wednesday, the United Nations (UN) marked World Water Day by trying to cut the number of people without good drinking water-one billion human beings worldwide-in half. In the next ten years, the UN will work with governments around the world to reduce the shortage. Without clean water nearby, many people use water _____. In India, many people bathe and wash their clothes in rivers that are polluted by human waste. According to the UN, not having enough clean water and sanitation causes more than three million deaths a year. "The links between water and human health are powerful," said Dr Lee Jong Wook, director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO). "We cannot live without clean water." In fact, the International Federation of the Red Cross said that quick reaction after last year"s Asian tsunami had stopped disease. The agency provided clean water to nearly 500, 000 people in Indonesia and Sri Lanka after the tsunami. World Water Day was first celebrated in 1993. Since then, it is celebrated each year on March 22. | |
| 1. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 5 words.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by this one? The quality of the water is closely connected with human health. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What did the International Federation of the Red Cross do after the tsunami? And why? (Please answer within 30 words.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within lo words.) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese. _______________________________________________________________________________________ | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious. It"s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution. The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time. | |
| 1. _____, our world is becoming much smaller. | |
| A. Because of the rise in pollution B. Thanks to science development C. Because the earth is being polluted day and night D. Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year | |
| 2. Hundreds of years ago, life was _____ it is today. | |
| A. much easier than B. as easy as C. much harder than D. as hard as | |
| 3. Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here "it" means _____. | |
| A. rubbish (垃圾) B. noise pollution C. air pollution D. water pollution | |
| 4. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____. | |
| A. it makes much noise B. it makes us angry more easily C. it makes our rivers and lakes dirty D. it"s bad for all living things in the world | |
| 5. Which of the following is NOT true? | |
| A. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. B. The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world population does. C. The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth. D. If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2. | |
| 阅读理解。 | |
| Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place. The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household"s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard. Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off green-house gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example. But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary. There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material we are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb. | |
| 1. What does the underlined phrase "over-consumption" refer to? | |
| A. Using too much packaging. B. Recycling too many wastes. C. Making more products than necessary. D. Having more material than is needed. | |
| 2. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _____. | |
| A. the tendency of cutting household waste B. the increase of packaging recycling C. the rapid growth of supermarkets D. the fact of packaging overuse | |
| 3. According to the text, recycling _____. | |
| A. helps control the greenhouse effect B. means burning packaging for energy C. is the solution to gas shortage D. leads to a waste of land | |
| 4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4? | |
| A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality. B. Supermarkets care more about packaging. C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging. D. Other products are better packaged than food. | |
| 5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? | |
| A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult. B. Needless material is mostly recycled. C. People like collecting recyclable waste. D. The author is proud of their consumer culture. |