factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the
worst air pollution, the problem is worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud
of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away
from any major concentration (集中)of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of
the entire earth may be infected by air pollution.
Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from
the burning of coal and oil is creating a "greenhouse effect" - raising the world"s average temperature. If
this view is correct and the world"s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice will
melt and cities such as Newk York, Boston, Miami, and Newk^ Orleans will be in water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is preventing
sunlight and lowering the earth"s temperature - a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just
a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture
difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of
these conditions will happen though one recent government reports that the greenhouse effect is very
possible. Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset(抵消)each other and the world"s
temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profits, people don"t think about
the damage on our environment caused by the "advanced civilization". Maybe the air pollution is the price
the human beings have to pay for their development. But is it really worth?
B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States
C. had damaged effect on health
D. existed only in urban and industrial areas
B. is uncertain of its happening
C. rejects it as being ungrounded
D. thinks it will destroy the world soon
B. raising the world"s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth
C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade
D. the world"s temperature will remain constant in the years to come
B. the burning of coal and oil
C. the potential effect of air pollution
D. the likelihood of a newk ice age
信息匹配。
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many solutions we seek with regard to achieving sustainability(可持续性) are within our reach.
That"s the lesson our school"s Environment Club has learned over the past two years. We"ve reduced
the amount of our waste at our school by 25 per cent. 1 We have the evidence we need to
suggest we are making a difference. If you are interested in leading your school on a similar journey
of change, here are some tips.
2
Examine the garbage can to find out how much of your school"s garbage could be picked out from
the waste stream and be reused. We found that more than 80 percent of our waste could have been
reused, recycled or composted(制成堆肥).
Prepare dustbins there.
3 You will find you can cover the cost of the purchase of the dustbins within a few months simply
by selling the bottles and other items you collect.
Compost the waste.
Start a composting system in your school. You may reduce your waste by as much as 50 percent.
Be sure to talk with your teachers and your cafeteria staff to get them onside.
Share your success.
Let your community know what you"ve accomplished. 4 Ask your teachers if you can talk to
their classes, let your parent group know what you"re doing, and present a report to the president of
your school.
5
Whether you spend a few moments in a quiet place or the whole day walking along a beautiful beach,
time outdoors will remind you why the work you do for the environment is so worthwhile.
A. Dig in.
B. Reward yourself.
C. Do outdoor activities.
D. They"ll feel proud of you.
E. We need to go further, and we will.
F. Invite your friends to join your cause.
G. Make sure every classroom has dustbins for recycling.
means it"s time to take care of yourself.
Students, take note. When you arrive at university, make sure you register with a doctor near your
term-time address. If there is a university doctor at your institution, they will be your best choice. If not,
ask student services for a recommendation. Once registered, do everything you can to make sure you
never have to pay them a visit. Don"t take unnecessary health risks.
Cook meat thoroughly. Throw food away if it"s out of date. Clean up after yourself. Food poisoning
can be harmful, but it"s easy to avoid if you pay due care and attention.
University often brings a certain lifestyle, and while that"s usually a whole lot of fun, it can quickly tip
into a whole lot of sorrow. Know your limits when it comes to alcohol. Habitual drinking can be
dangerous, and while every student will have nights of excess, these should be the exception, not the
norm. Look out for your friends, too. If you"re worried about alcohol or substance abuse, visit
alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk <http://alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk> or ukna.org http://ukna.org
for free and confidential support.
Anyone living with teenagers and young adults, especially in environments such as halls of residence,
must accept that germs (细菌) will be shared. Bugs and colds will spread like wildfire. Living
communally brings certain health risks, and meningitis is probably the most serious of these. Symptoms
include a rash, stiff neck and an aversion to bright lights. It"s rare, but seek immediate medical attention
if you"re concerned (meningitis.org <http://meningitis.org>).
Gappers, meanwhile, may need to consider specific health risks. If you"re planning a trip abroad,
especially in rural areas of poor countries, make sure you get the necessary vaccinations (预防注射) in
good time before you leave.
Research these at www.netdoctor.co.uk <http://www.netdoctor.co.uk>. You should be able to get everything you need from your doctor, although you may have to give them notice and you may have to pay, even on the NHS (英国国家医疗服务体系). If you also need to take medication while you"re away, such as anti-malarials, do it faithfully.
On a general note, whoever you are, wherever you are and whatever you do with your time, never walk alone at night, especially in quiet and badly lit areas. Always carry your phone. Never get in an unlicensed cab. Be careful who you trust. Respect your new independence, and keep yourself safe.
B. who live outside the campus
C. who are going to university
D. who want to keep fit at university
B. a serious infectious illness
C. anti-malaria medicine
D. wide-spread germs and bugs
B. ukna.org <http://ukna.org>
C. alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk http://alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk
D. meningitis.org <http://meningitis.org>
B. Students have to register with a doctor for free medical care.
C. Students prefer to live in environments such as halls of residence.
D. Students have to avoid health and security risks to be independent.
We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year world-wide and they are thrown
away polluting oceans, killing wild-life and getting dumped in landfills where they take
up to 1,000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a
solution.
The 16-year-old Canadian high school student, Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate
Institute, has discovered a-way to make plastic bags degrade(降解)in as few as 3months,
a finding that won him first prize at the Canada-Wide Science Fair, a $10,000 prize, a
$20,000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.
Burd"s strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by
microorganisms(微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them
to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.
With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted(调制)a
solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母)and tap water to encourage microbes growth.
Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally,
he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags, exposing one plastic sample to dead
bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed(暴露)to the live bacteria was 17%
lighter than the control after six weeks.
The inputs are cheap: maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes
produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.
"Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic
bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are
doing with these plastic bags. The answer: not much. So I decided to do something myself." said
Daniel Burd.
B.he contributed much to environmental protection
C.he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time
D.he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way
B.test how effective his method was
C.know which bacteria worked faster
D.control the temperature in the process
B.microbes can produce heat themselves
C.much carbon dioxide is produced
D.the temperature can be controlled
B.the failure of researchers
C.his everyday work
D.the practice of other people
say.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,more than 126 million Americans
who don"t smoke are exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes,vehicles,workplaces,and public
places. This exposure causes thousands of lung cancer and heart disease deaths among nonsmokers
every year,according to the California Environmental Protection Agency.
"Making the leap from the effects of secondhand smoke on humans to their effects on pets isn"t a
big one," says veterinarian (兽医专家) Carolynn MacAllister of Oklahoma State University.
"There have been a number of scientific papers recently that have reported the significant health
threat secondhand smoke poses to pets," MacAllister said. "Secondhand smoke has been associated
with oral cancer and lymphoma in cats,lung and nasal cancer in dogs,as well as lung cancer in birds."
Studies have also shown that dogs living in a smoking household are susceptible to cancers of the
nose and sinus area,particularly if they are a long-nosed breed,because their noses have a greater
surface area that is exposed to carcinogens and a greater area for them to accumulate. Dogs affected
with nasal cancer normally don"t survive for more than one year.
"Short and medium-nosed dogs are more susceptible to lung cancer,because their shorter nasal
passage aren"t as effective at accumulating the inhaled secondhand smoke carcinogens," MacAllister
said. "This results in more carcinogens (致癌物质) reaching the lungs."
Birds are also at risk for lung cancer,as well as pneumonia,because their respiratory systems are
hypersensitive to any type of air pollutant.
To help prevent animals from being adversely affected by smoking,pet owners who smoke should
have a designated smoking area that is separated from the home or stop smoking altogether,MacAllister
said.
B. non-smokers
C. pets
D. trees
B. Smokers can smoke at any time.
C. Smokers should smoke in the designated place.
D. Smokers must give up smoking at once.
B. Short-nosed dogs
C. Medium-nosed dogs
D. Dogs without noses
B. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Birds
C. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Pets
D. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Cats
B. are hard to be influenced by
C. are less to be effected by
D. are lucky to be caught by
research also shows that the difference in life expectancy (平均寿命) between rich and poor becomes
smaller among those who live in an environment with parks and trees.
Richard Mitchell, from Glasgow University, and his colleagues, found that the gap between the
number of deaths of people on high incomes and the number of deaths of those on low incomes in
green areas was half that compared with figures relating to builtup areas.
Green spaces, classified by the researchers as "open, undeveloped land with natural vegetation",
encouraged people to walk and be more active. Exercise in these settings could have greater benefits
than exercise elsewhere, the researchers said.
The benefits potentially go beyond exercise. Studies have shown that being around green spaces
can reduce blood pressure and stress levels, and possibly help patients recover faster.
A number of researchers have looked at the effects of greenery on our wellbeing. But few studies
had looked at whether living in green areas reduced health inequalities, the Glasgow team said.
Using information from a landuse database of 2001, the researchers divided the preretirement
population of England into four groups according to income level, and five groups according to access
to green space. They then looked at death rate for 2001-2005.
They found that the inequality in death rate from all causes relating to lack of money was less in
those populations in the greenest areas compared with the figures for people living in more builtup
places. They found an even stronger relationship when it came to deaths from certain diseases such
as heart conditions and stroke (中风). There was no difference, however, in deaths from lung cancer.
The researchers said that changing the physical environment was an easier way to fight against poor
health than using media campaigns or giving out information on health. "The result of the study is clear,
environments that promote good health might be very important in the fight to reduce health inequalities."
B. the number of deaths
C. the income
D. the living area
B. They encouraged people to exercise in green areas.
C. They studied the effects of greenery on people"s diseases.
D. They focused on the influence of greenery on health inequalities.
B. People should take more exercise every day.
C. More trees and grasses should be planted in cities.
D. People should fight against health inequality.
B. Green spaces promote good health.
C. Income influences health less than environment.
D. Exercise in green areas benefits people a lot.
- 1As we drew closer, I could see a whale by a pack of abo
- 2下列有关材料的说法不正确的是:A.航天飞机使用的隔热陶瓷瓦为复合材料B.复合材料由基体和增强体组成C.复合材料既保持原有
- 3已知函数y=sinx+cosx,y=22sinxcosx,则下列结论中,正确的序号是______.①两函数的图象均关于点
- 4两条平行线被第三条直线所截,一组同旁内角的平分线的位置关系是互相______.
- 5某工人用如图所示的装置把重240N的物体匀速提高1m,所用的拉力为150N,则该工人克服物重做的有用功为 J,该
- 6有一圆形花坛,要把它分成面积相等的四份,一同学利用圆中互相垂直的直径把花坛分成了四等份.如图中甲,现请你在图乙中采用不同
- 7集合A,B的并集A∪B={a1,a2,a3},当A≠B时,(A,B)与(B,A)视为不同的对,则这样的(A,B)对的个数
- 8将某盐酸与某氢氧化钠溶液混合,当达到pH=7时,测得溶液中钠离子与水分子个数比为1:20(设水都以分子形式存在)。则反应
- 9已知,,求的值.
- 10标准状况下,ag气体A与bg气体B的分子数相同,下列说法错误的是( )A.气体A与气体B的密度之比为a:bB.气体A与
- 1若一个多边形的各边均相等,周长为60cm,且内角和为720°,则它的边长为______cm.
- 2“说凤阳,道凤阳,凤阳本是好地方,自从包地包产后,家家生活大变样。”这段材料赞美的是( )A.农业社会主义改造B
- 3阅读材料,回答问题。党的十八届三中全会决定指出,推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革。整合城乡居民基本养老保险制度、基本医疗
- 4【题文】已知集合为( )A.B.C.D.
- 5浣溪沙 晏殊一曲新词酒一杯,去年天气旧亭台,夕阳西下几时回? 无可奈何花落去,似曾相识燕归来,小园香径独徘徊。1、本文的
- 6补写下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。(1)_____________,____________,樯橹灰飞烟灭。 (苏轼《念奴娇
- 7一个正常人的心脏推动血液流动的功率为1.5W,则在考试100min的时间内心脏做的功约为______J,用这些功可以把一
- 8(10分)现有一定量含有Na2O杂质的Na2O2试样,用下图所示的实验装置测定Na2O2试样的纯度。(可供选用的试剂只有
- 9人类和某些动物的眼睛像一架照相机。眼球内的晶状体相当于一个凸透镜,视网膜相当于光屏,我们看物体时,是通过睫状肌的伸缩来调
- 10盖盖玻片时,要将盖玻片从盐水滴一侧轻轻放平,目的是______.