means it"s time to take care of yourself.
Students, take note. When you arrive at university, make sure you register with a doctor near your
term-time address. If there is a university doctor at your institution, they will be your best choice. If not,
ask student services for a recommendation. Once registered, do everything you can to make sure you
never have to pay them a visit. Don"t take unnecessary health risks.
Cook meat thoroughly. Throw food away if it"s out of date. Clean up after yourself. Food poisoning
can be harmful, but it"s easy to avoid if you pay due care and attention.
University often brings a certain lifestyle, and while that"s usually a whole lot of fun, it can quickly tip
into a whole lot of sorrow. Know your limits when it comes to alcohol. Habitual drinking can be
dangerous, and while every student will have nights of excess, these should be the exception, not the
norm. Look out for your friends, too. If you"re worried about alcohol or substance abuse, visit
alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk <http://alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk> or ukna.org http://ukna.org
for free and confidential support.
Anyone living with teenagers and young adults, especially in environments such as halls of residence,
must accept that germs (细菌) will be shared. Bugs and colds will spread like wildfire. Living
communally brings certain health risks, and meningitis is probably the most serious of these. Symptoms
include a rash, stiff neck and an aversion to bright lights. It"s rare, but seek immediate medical attention
if you"re concerned (meningitis.org <http://meningitis.org>).
Gappers, meanwhile, may need to consider specific health risks. If you"re planning a trip abroad,
especially in rural areas of poor countries, make sure you get the necessary vaccinations (预防注射) in
good time before you leave.
Research these at www.netdoctor.co.uk <http://www.netdoctor.co.uk>. You should be able to get everything you need from your doctor, although you may have to give them notice and you may have to pay, even on the NHS (英国国家医疗服务体系). If you also need to take medication while you"re away, such as anti-malarials, do it faithfully.
On a general note, whoever you are, wherever you are and whatever you do with your time, never walk alone at night, especially in quiet and badly lit areas. Always carry your phone. Never get in an unlicensed cab. Be careful who you trust. Respect your new independence, and keep yourself safe.
B. who live outside the campus
C. who are going to university
D. who want to keep fit at university
B. a serious infectious illness
C. anti-malaria medicine
D. wide-spread germs and bugs
B. ukna.org <http://ukna.org>
C. alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk http://alcoholics-anonymous.org.uk
D. meningitis.org <http://meningitis.org>
B. Students have to register with a doctor for free medical care.
C. Students prefer to live in environments such as halls of residence.
D. Students have to avoid health and security risks to be independent.
We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year world-wide and they are thrown
away polluting oceans, killing wild-life and getting dumped in landfills where they take
up to 1,000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a
solution.
The 16-year-old Canadian high school student, Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate
Institute, has discovered a-way to make plastic bags degrade(降解)in as few as 3months,
a finding that won him first prize at the Canada-Wide Science Fair, a $10,000 prize, a
$20,000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.
Burd"s strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by
microorganisms(微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them
to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.
With this goal in mind, he ground plastic bags into a powder and concocted(调制)a
solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母)and tap water to encourage microbes growth.
Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally,
he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags, exposing one plastic sample to dead
bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed(暴露)to the live bacteria was 17%
lighter than the control after six weeks.
The inputs are cheap: maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes
produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.
"Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic
bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are
doing with these plastic bags. The answer: not much. So I decided to do something myself." said
Daniel Burd.
B.he contributed much to environmental protection
C.he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time
D.he could encourage microbes growth in an easier way
B.test how effective his method was
C.know which bacteria worked faster
D.control the temperature in the process
B.microbes can produce heat themselves
C.much carbon dioxide is produced
D.the temperature can be controlled
B.the failure of researchers
C.his everyday work
D.the practice of other people
say.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,more than 126 million Americans
who don"t smoke are exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes,vehicles,workplaces,and public
places. This exposure causes thousands of lung cancer and heart disease deaths among nonsmokers
every year,according to the California Environmental Protection Agency.
"Making the leap from the effects of secondhand smoke on humans to their effects on pets isn"t a
big one," says veterinarian (兽医专家) Carolynn MacAllister of Oklahoma State University.
"There have been a number of scientific papers recently that have reported the significant health
threat secondhand smoke poses to pets," MacAllister said. "Secondhand smoke has been associated
with oral cancer and lymphoma in cats,lung and nasal cancer in dogs,as well as lung cancer in birds."
Studies have also shown that dogs living in a smoking household are susceptible to cancers of the
nose and sinus area,particularly if they are a long-nosed breed,because their noses have a greater
surface area that is exposed to carcinogens and a greater area for them to accumulate. Dogs affected
with nasal cancer normally don"t survive for more than one year.
"Short and medium-nosed dogs are more susceptible to lung cancer,because their shorter nasal
passage aren"t as effective at accumulating the inhaled secondhand smoke carcinogens," MacAllister
said. "This results in more carcinogens (致癌物质) reaching the lungs."
Birds are also at risk for lung cancer,as well as pneumonia,because their respiratory systems are
hypersensitive to any type of air pollutant.
To help prevent animals from being adversely affected by smoking,pet owners who smoke should
have a designated smoking area that is separated from the home or stop smoking altogether,MacAllister
said.
B. non-smokers
C. pets
D. trees
B. Smokers can smoke at any time.
C. Smokers should smoke in the designated place.
D. Smokers must give up smoking at once.
B. Short-nosed dogs
C. Medium-nosed dogs
D. Dogs without noses
B. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Birds
C. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Pets
D. Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Cats
B. are hard to be influenced by
C. are less to be effected by
D. are lucky to be caught by
research also shows that the difference in life expectancy (平均寿命) between rich and poor becomes
smaller among those who live in an environment with parks and trees.
Richard Mitchell, from Glasgow University, and his colleagues, found that the gap between the
number of deaths of people on high incomes and the number of deaths of those on low incomes in
green areas was half that compared with figures relating to builtup areas.
Green spaces, classified by the researchers as "open, undeveloped land with natural vegetation",
encouraged people to walk and be more active. Exercise in these settings could have greater benefits
than exercise elsewhere, the researchers said.
The benefits potentially go beyond exercise. Studies have shown that being around green spaces
can reduce blood pressure and stress levels, and possibly help patients recover faster.
A number of researchers have looked at the effects of greenery on our wellbeing. But few studies
had looked at whether living in green areas reduced health inequalities, the Glasgow team said.
Using information from a landuse database of 2001, the researchers divided the preretirement
population of England into four groups according to income level, and five groups according to access
to green space. They then looked at death rate for 2001-2005.
They found that the inequality in death rate from all causes relating to lack of money was less in
those populations in the greenest areas compared with the figures for people living in more builtup
places. They found an even stronger relationship when it came to deaths from certain diseases such
as heart conditions and stroke (中风). There was no difference, however, in deaths from lung cancer.
The researchers said that changing the physical environment was an easier way to fight against poor
health than using media campaigns or giving out information on health. "The result of the study is clear,
environments that promote good health might be very important in the fight to reduce health inequalities."
B. the number of deaths
C. the income
D. the living area
B. They encouraged people to exercise in green areas.
C. They studied the effects of greenery on people"s diseases.
D. They focused on the influence of greenery on health inequalities.
B. People should take more exercise every day.
C. More trees and grasses should be planted in cities.
D. People should fight against health inequality.
B. Green spaces promote good health.
C. Income influences health less than environment.
D. Exercise in green areas benefits people a lot.
like there"s no time for healthy eating. And when you do stop to eat, it"s probably tempting to go the
quick and easy route by grabbing a burger and fries, potato chips, or candy.
Even if you take time to eat three meals a day, you may still feel hungry at times. This is natural-during
teens, a person"s body demands more nutrients to grow. What"s the answer? Healthy snacks. Snacking
on nutritious food can keep your energy level high and your mind alert without taking up a lot of your
time. Snacks are a great way to satisfy that hunger and get all the vitamins and nutrients your body
needs.
But you need to pay attention to what you eat. Filling your face with a large order of fries after class
may give you a temporary help, but a snack high in fat and calories will only slow you down in the long
run.
To keep energy levels going-and avoid weight gain-keep clear of foods with lots of simple
carbohydrates (sugars) like candy bars or soda. Look for foods that contain complex carbohydrates
like wholegrain breads and cereals and combine them with proteinrich snacks such as peanut butter or
lowfat yogurt (酸奶) or cheese.
Choosing healthy snacks means shopping smart. Be careful of the health claims on food packages.
Just because something is "all natural" or "pure" doesn"t necessarily mean that it"s nutritious. For example, "all natural" juice drinks or sodas can be filled with sugar (which is, after all, a natural ingredient) but all
that sugar means they"ll be high in calories and give you little nutrition.
A granola (麦片) bar is a good example of a snack that people think is healthy. Although granola
bars can be a good source of certain vitamins and nutrients, many also contain a great deal of fat,
including a particularly harmful type of fat called trans fat (反式脂肪酸). Check the Nutrition Facts label
on the package to be sure.
B. it provides trans fat
C. it contains some vitamins
D. it is natural
B. they are high in nutrition
C. their packages are good
D. they contain harmless fat
B. gain weight
C. help grow
D. keep healthy
B. fries
C. lowfat yogurt
D. wholegrain bread
really true?
Dr Aubrey de Grey thinks that we can stop people getting old and that in about 20 years, people
will be able to live to be 1,000 years old! 2
In Dr Grey"s opinion, getting old is a problem that can be solved. 3 If we can cure this disease,
we can stop the aging process.We can also make people have young bodies again.
Dr Grey believes that science will soon be able to stop the causes of aging so that a person"s body
won"t get weak and won"t suffer from the typical diseases of old age.
Dr Grey compares the human body to a house.As the house gets older, some things must be
repaired.Broken hearts must be replaced.The same thing can happen with the human body, he thinks.
We can use stem cell technology to grow new, healthy tissue to replace the old, damaged one.We can
also try to remove diseasecausing molecules in our bodies. 4 .
5 However, they admit that Dr Grey"s ideas have not yet been proved wrong.Dr Grey is
convinced that his opinions are realistic and that his research is very important.If aging is a disease, he
says, we must try to cure it.
A. At the same time, people"s bodies will stay young and healthy.
B. Scientists succeeded in solving the problem of aging long ago.
C. A lot of scientists think his ideas not realistic.
D. When our bodies change as we get older, this is like a disease.
E. New deadly diseases may also be cured, if we can stop the aging process.
F. It seems that everybody must get old and die.
G. In this way, a person could easily live to be 1,000 years old.
- 1读右图,回答第11—13题。就美国对中国输美轮胎采取征收惩罚性关税的措施,下列认识错误的是 (
- 2下列各组词语中加粗字的读音,完全都相同的一组是[ ]A.蓑衣 衰老 摔跤 甩***、惘然 置若罔闻 往常 枉费
- 3声是以波的形式传播的,我们把它叫做_____.
- 4香蕉主要分布在我国的南方,苹果主要分布在我国的北方,造成这一分布差异的主要生态因素是[ ]A.温度B.水分C.土
- 5如图,在平面直角坐标系中,将△ABC绕点P旋转180°得到△DEF,则点P的坐标为( )。
- 6某污水pH=5,主要含有碎菜叶、碎塑料薄膜、泥沙、少量氯化钠和硫酸钠等物质.现欲将其经过滤处理后用于清洗厕所的用水.问:
- 7图为北半球某河流两岸八地中,在自然状态下侵蚀较重的是( )A.①③⑤⑦B.①④⑤C.①③⑤⑧D.②④⑥
- 8将正方形纸片剪去一个角,所得的图形可能是( )(写出两种情况即可)
- 9据民政部网站消息,民政部于201 1年2月1 1日发布的《社会养老服务体系建设“十二五”规划》(征求意见稿)指出,到20
- 10下列物质一定不能发生加成反应的是 [ ]A.C2H6 B.C2H
- 1我国1978年进出口贸易总额为206.4亿美元,外贸依存度(贸易总额/国内生产总值)为9.7%;1998年进出口贸易总额
- 2阅读下面的文段,用一句话概括其主要内容。(20个字以内) 传统文化中有许多有用有益的东西,加以整理、筛选、阐释与发扬,
- 3下列关于第二次世界大战的进程的叙述不正确的是A.慕尼黑阴谋使英法的绥靖政策达到顶峰B.德军突袭苏联意味着二战的规模达到最
- 4经典诵读已成为当今中国传承历史文化的重要方式。《三字经》中“赢秦氏,始兼并。传二世,楚汉争。高祖兴,汉业建”所包含的朝代
- 5【题文】设集合,集合,那么( )A.B.C.D.
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- 7下图中的曲线表示两种使人体获得免疫力的方法。据图判断下列叙述正确的是[ ]A.若某人被狗咬伤,通常采用方法②进行
- 8下列各项中,不属于动物的社群行为的是[ ]A.母鸡带领一群小鸡觅食B.森林里的各种肉食动物觅食C.一群狼围捕一只
- 9用如图中的测电笔可辨别__________,图示操作方法是__________(选填“正确”、“错误”)的。
- 10我国科学家闵恩泽院士获2007年度“国家最高科技奖”,以表彰他在“绿色化学”等多个方面的贡献.试回答:“绿色化学”核心理