a feeling of panic, or a stress, that makes people want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and
become calm again. "Stress"means pressure or tension. It is one of the most common causes of health
problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. Stress can affect the heart.lt can increase the pulse rate,
make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory (呼吸)
system. It can lead to asthma(气喘). It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of
important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach.lt can cause stomachaches and problems of
digesting food. These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from
stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may
have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to
little problems. For example,a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at l work may yell at a child for
dropping a glass of juice. Stress can make people angry, moody, or nervous.
Long-term stress can lead to a variety of serious mental! illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of
sadness and j hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing{ stress. Alcoholism and other
addictions often develop as a l result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress. Eating
disorders, such as anorexia(神经性厌食),are sometimes caused by stress and often made worse by
stress. If stress is allowed to continue, then one"s mental health is put at risk.
It is obvious that stress is a serious problem.1t attacks the body. 1t affects the emotions. Untreated, it
may eventually result in mental illness. Stress has a great influence on the health and well-being of our
bodies, our feelings, and our minds. So, reduce stress: stop the world and rest for a while.
B.sleeping problems
C. mental problems
D.emotional problems
caused by stress?
A. the arms
B.the stomach
C. the lungs
D. the heart
B.A mother under stress may be cruel to her child.
C. Emotions are hardly affected by stress.
D. Eating disorders are sometimes caused by overuse of alcohol or drugs
1．
Habit is something we do very often. We do not think when we are doing it. We can have good habits
or bad habits. This text gives some advice on how to be healthy. It tells you what to do if you want to be
healthy. It also tells you what you must not do.lt talks about good habits and bad habits.
2．
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. This is an old English saying.
Have you heard of it before? It means that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. If we
do, we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich and clever.
3.
Is this true? Perhaps it is. The body must have enough sleep. Children of your age need ten hours" sleep
every night.lf you do not go to bed early, you can-t have enough sleep. Then you cannot think properly and
you cannot do your work properly. You will not be wise and you may not become wealthy.
4．
Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is not good for them. We must
sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us to sleep properly. When the daylight comes, we must get
up. This is the time for exercise. Exercise means doing things with the body. Walking, running, jumping,
swimming, playing games are all exercises. If the body is not used, it becomes weak. Exercise keeps it
strong.
5,
Exercise helps the blood to move around inside the body. This is very important. Blood takes food to
all parts of our bodies. The brains in our heads also need blood. We think with our brains.lf we keep our
bodies healthy and take exercise, we can think well.
A new weapon(武器) is on the way in the fight against smoking in Europe. Soon when smokers buy
cigarettes they might see a shocking photo of a blackened lung or a cancer patient staring back at them
from the packet.
Some boys may think of smoking as cool and sexy. Their friends won"t agree when they see their
packets of cigarettes Iying on the table. The European Union announced that it had chosen 42 photos that
showed the damage cigarettes could do to the body. It called on member nations to put these pictures on
packets to discourage smokers. To catch the attention of teenagers, the special packets warn of long-term
medical dangers, like cancer. Short-term effects, like bad skin, are also on the list.
"The true face of smoking is disease, death and horror. That is the message we should send to the
young," said David Byrne, an EU health official. " Hopefully these pictures will shock students out of their
love for cigarettes. "
The EU head office hoped the pictures would work better than current written warnings on packets of
cigarettes. The warnings included " smoking kills" and
"smoking can lead to a slow and painful death".
So far, Ireland and Belgium have shown interest in the photos. Canada has used similar pictures and
warnings on cigarette packets since 2000. The country has recently seen a fallin the number of the single
biggest cause of avoidable deaths in the EU. Every year more than 650,000 smokers die, more than one
person a minute.
B. photos printed in place of the wrrtten warnings
C. written warnings printed on the cigarette packets
D. shocking pictures put up where cigarettes are sold
B. Because it shows both dangers and effects.
C. Because it can be seen by the smokers" friends.
D. Because it is more powerful to catch attention.
B. Many smokers don"t quite believe the written warnings.
C. The new form of warnings has already been proved to work.
D. Smoking has caused more deaths than anything else in the EU.
B. A New Weapon
C. Young Smokers in Canada
D. Deaths from Smoking
The United Nations" weather agencysays 2010 was one of the warmest yearson record,
providing further evidence thatthe planet is slowly but surely heating
(无法处理)up.
The World Meteorological Organization says globalaverage temperatures last year
were just over half a degreeCelsius higher than the 1961~1990 period, slightly abovethe
temperature of 2005, and a little higher again over thatof 1998, which were previously
two of the top threewarmest years on record.
Michel Jarraud, an official in the World MeteorologicalOrganization, said, "We can
indeed report that 2010 is nowgoing to rank as the warmest year on record at the same
level as 2005 and 1998. "
The ten warmest years after records began in 1854 haveall occurred since 1998. Rising
global temperatures over the last century arecausing climate experts to worry.
The Geneva-based global weather agency says that lastyear"s extreme weather-notably
the heat wave in Russiaand monsoon(季风,雨季)flooding in Pakistan--hascontinued into
the new year.
Michel Jarraud also said, "What we can say is that withglobal warming some of these
events will become morefrequent or more intense. "
The UN agency contributes the extreme weatherpatterns to El Nino and La Nina,
which constantlydominated the world climate in 2010, bringing warm effectsand cooling
effects respectively.
Apart from extreme weather conditions, the WM() alsonoticed further melting of Arctic
sea-ice.ln December 2010,ice cover around the region registered its lowest level, 1. 35million
square kilometers below the 1979-2000 Decemberaverage.
B. the average temperatures of 1998 and 2005 were higher than that of 2010
C. 1998,2005 and 2010 were among the warmest tenycars on record
D. the earth is becoming cooler and cooler
B. The heat wave in Russia.
C. The monsoon flooding in Pakistan.
D. El Nino and La Nina.
B. Controlled.
C. Affected.
D. Raised.
B. 2010 was one of the warmest years on record.
C. The Arctic sea-ice is melting.
D. The extreme weather in 2010 and its effects.
A nearly ice-free Arctic Ocean inthe summer may happen three timessooner than scientists
have assessed.New research says the Arctic might lose
most of its ice cover in summer in as few as 30 years insteadof by the end of the century.
The amount of the Arctic Ocean covered by ice at theend of summer by then could be
only about 1 million squarekilometers. That"s compared to today"s ice extent c范围)of4. 6
million square kilometers. So much more open watercould be an advantage for shipping
and for extracting(开采)minerals and oil from the seabed, but it raises the questionof
ecosystem change.
While the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007 assessed what might
happen in the Arctic in the future based on results from more than a dozen globalclimate
models, two researchers said that the dram4tic dropsin the extent of ice at the end of
summer in 2007 and 2008called for a different approach.
Out of the 23 models now available, the newpredictions are based on the six most
suited for assessing sea ice, according to Muyin Wang, a climate scientist in a university
of Washington, and James Overland, an oceanographer. Wang and Overland sought
models that best matched what has actually happened in recent years,because, "if a
model can"t do today"s conditions well, howcan you trust its future predictions?" Wang
says. "
In recent years the combination of unusual warmtemperatures from natural causes
and the global warmingsignal have worked together to provide an earlier summersea-ice
loss than was predicted when scientists consideredthe effects from human-caused
carbon dioxide alone," saysOverland.
Scientists don"t expect the Arctic to be totally ice free,figuring that ice still will be
found along northern Canadaand Greenland where powerful winds sweeping across
theArctic Ocean force ice layers to slide on top of each other,making for a very thick
ice cover.
B. opinions from government officials
C. examples that were provided by the author
D. researchers" assessment of the global climate models
B. That there will be a very thick ice cover in northern Canada.
C. That the sea-ice loss was the effect of the unusual climate change.
D. That the temperature will be very low in the futurebecause of the sea ice.
B. 6
C. 12
D. 23
B. the cause of global warming
C. the new research about the Arctic sea-ice
D. how to do research with models .
a new study thatreveals forests help to block out the sun.
Scientists in the UK and Germanyhave discovered that trees release achemical that thickens
clouds abovethem, which reflects more sunlight andcools the earth. The research suggeststhat
chopping down forests could speed
up global warming, and that protecting existing trees couldbe one of the best ways to
deal with the problem.
Dominick Spracklen, of the Institute for Climate andAtmospheric Science at Leeds
University, said, "We thinkthis could have quite a great effect. You can think of forestsas
climate air conditioners. "
The scientists looked at chemicals called terpenes(萜烯) that are released from
northern forests across northernregions such as Canada, Scandinavia and Russia. The
chemicals give forests a special smell, but their function haspuzzled experts for years.
Some believe the trees releasethem to communicate, while others say they could offer
protection from air pollution.
The team found the terpenes react in the air and formaerosols(气雾剂)．They help to
turn water vapour(蒸气)in the atmosphere into clouds.
Spracklen said the team"s computer models showedthat the aerosols doubled the
thickness of clouds about1,000 meters above the forests, and would reflect an extra5%
sunlight back into space.
He said, "It might not sound a lot, but that is quite astrong cooling effect. The climate
is such a finely balancedsystem that we think this effect is large enough to reduce
temperatures over quite large areas. It gives us anotherreason to preserve forests. "
Becausetreesrelease . moreterpenesinwarmerweather, the discovery suggests that
forests could act as anegative feedback (反馈) on climate, which slows the rise in
temperature.
B. growing more trees in the world
C. releasing aerosols above the forests
D. releasing terpenes in the air
B. They help thicken the clouds that reflect sunlight.
C. They make the temperature rise in cold northernarea s.
D. They help trees grow better.
B. reducing harmful chemicals in the air
C. producing a large amount of oxygen
D. reducing the earth"-s temperature
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