题目
题型：上海市期中题难度：来源：
| A. A new pair of ears B. An author and his research C. Electronic everlastingness D. Computers that speak E. A new pair of eyes F. Treatment for Parkinson"s disease |
| 1-5: BDEAC |
| 阅读理解。 |
| As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease－especially in changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought about this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does  not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is just "not ill" and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body"s special needs. Both types have simply been called "well". In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms "well" and "wellness" only to those who are actively attempting to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body"s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be "well", in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. "Wellness" may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can struggle for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial influence on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. |
| 1. Today"s medical care is placing more stress on . |
| A. monitoring patients" body functions B. removing people"s bad living habits C. ensuring people"s psychological well-being D. keeping people in a healthy physical condition |
| 2. Traditionally, a person is considered "well" if he or she . |
| A. is free from any kind of disease B. does not have any physical handicaps C. attempts to maintain the best possible health D. keeps a proper balance between work and leisure |
| 3. According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG? |
| A. Wellness is now just an ideal in many people"s mind. B. Someone who drinks a few beers at home most nights is not healthy. C. The concept of wellness can help people face the challenges of daily life. D. A man without any physical or mental problem may not be really healthy. |
| 4. According to the author, healthy people are those who . |
| A. do not have any symptoms of disease B. have strong muscles as well as slim figures C. try to keep healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations D. can recover from illness even without seeking medical care |
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| Winter depression ( or winter blues ) is a common affliction (折磨) for those who live in our northern climate.Its clinical name is seasonal affective disorder(or SAD)and up to 5% of the population (especially in northern states)may suffer from it.Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness and depression that occur in the winter months when the temperatures drop and the days grow short.The depression is often associated with excessive eating or sleeping and weight gain.Women are twice to three times more likely to suffer from the winter blues than men. There are many effective treatments for winter depression, some of which you c  an do to help yourself.Increasing your daily exposure to as much natural light as possible can be helpful to many.Any time when you have the opportunity to gain access to more sunlight in the winter months, you should try to do so. Taking walks throughout the day( even if you don"t normally do so) , sitting next to a southfacing window at your office, in a classroom, or at home will increase your sunlight exposure.Exercising next to a window or outdoors (when possible) is another activity that can help. Although it may be difficult to do, maintaining your schedule and lifestyle will help to keep_the_ depression_at_bay.A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain.It may be helpful, for instance, to have your bedroom lights on a timer to turn on a halfhour before you wake.This may help in waking at a regular time every morning,when it is still dark outside in the winter months. Light therapy has shown to be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder.While you can purchase expensive, specialized light therapy lighting fixtures for your home or office, some inexpensive alternatives are also available.Another lighting technique to try is to replace commonly used light bulbs in your home with brighter full spectrum( also known as broad spectrum)light bulbs.While more expensive than regular light bulbs, these bulbs provide light that is similar to natural sunlight. If none of these techniques seem to help your depressive symptoms, you should consider consulting your family physician or a mental health professional.The winter blues are a form of depression and can be readily treated with medications or psychotherapy when other selfhelp methods aren"t effective.Don"t be afraid to talk about this condition with a professional；it"s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of.With a little effort, the winter blues can be beaten. |
| 1. What do we know about winter depression? A. It is very common where the weather is cold. B. It may lead to weight gain. C. It occurs when the temperatures drop. D. It seldom affects men. 2. What is the most important factor in the therapy introduced in the second paragraph? A. Exposure to natural light. B. Sports in winter months. C. Outdoor activities. D. Sunlight through the window. 3. What does" to keep the depression at bay" mean in the third paragraph? A. To shorten the duration of the depression. B. To use light to resist the depression. C. To keep the depression manageable and minimal. D. To delay the occurrence of the depression. 4. For winter depression,light therapy________. A. is much more effective than other kinds of therapy B. is so expensive that some may not be able to afford it C. encourages people to do outdoor exercises D. needs specialized bulbs to replace ordinary ones |
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The koala, one of Australia"s most treasured creatures, is in trouble. Affected by habitat (栖居地) loss and climate change, like many other uniquely Australian animals, koalas are being squeezed into smaller regions. But at present, it is a deadly disease, a somewhat silent killer that causes a further decline in the koala population, that is worrying many scientists about the fate of the koala. The killer is Chlamydia, which has caused symptoms in up to 50 percent of the wild koalas, with probably even more infected (感染) but not showing symptoms. It has been particularly severe in Queensland, where nearly all koalas are infected. The disease causes many symptoms including eye infections, which can lead to blindness, making it difficult for them to find their primary food. Treating Chlamydia in wild koalas is a challenge. There is no treatment available for it. Only a small percentage of the animals can be treated successfully and returned to the wild. Besides, there is no national plan in Australia to save the koala; it is up to each region to make management plans for its koala population. The good news is that researchers are working to test a vaccine (疫苗) that would help prevent further spread. If all goes well, plans can be carried out to distribute the vaccine more widely. But it"s impossible to vaccinate (给注射疫苗) all wild koalas. Another possibility would be to make vaccine distribution a routine part of treatment for the thousands of koalas brought into care centers every year after they are injured by cars or dogs. While it is a combination of problems that are affecting the wild koala population, many experts believe this vaccine would be an important step in helping koalas survive longer. It may be enough time to give researchers a chance to solve some of the other problems facing Austalia"s koalas. |
| 1. Which isn"t considered the main cause of koala"s population decline? A. A deadly disease. B. Injuries from cars and dogs. C. Climate change. D. Habitat loss. 2. The third paragraph mainly tells us_____. A. the serious result Chlamydia has caused to the koala B. Chlamydia affected the koala only in particular regions C. the most serious symptom of Chlamydia is eye infections D. Chlamydia can seriously affect koala"s primary food 3. We can learn from the text that the vaccine_____. A. would cure the killer Chlamydia quite effectively B. would only be distributed in koala care centers C. has already been put into practical use in Australia D. cannot be distributed to all the infected koalas 4. It can be inferred from the text that_____. A. a national plan for saving koalas will be made soon in Australia B. koala population is declining only in a few regions C. researchers need enough time to solve the koala problems D. experts have lost the best chance to save the infected koalas |
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| A new study shows one of the largest glaciers(冰川) in Greenland is becoming smaller and speeding to the sea faster than scientists expected. If it continues, Greenland itself could become much smaller during this century and global seas could rise as much as 3 feet. The rates of change that we"re noticing are much higher than expected. If these rates continue, it is not likely that Greenland could shrink by several tens of percent this century. However, it"s not known how quickly this coastal response of the Greenland ice sheet melting will have an effect on the vast inland ice. Greenland is the world"s largest island, covering area more than three times the size of Texas. Some 81 percent of it is covered by ice, and there are many glaciers. Glaciers are like slow-moving rivers of ice. Where a glacier meets the sea, its weight keeps it firmly resting on the bottom. A glacier"s front is the point where the water is deep enough that the glacier floats. Since the 1970s, the front of Helheim stayed in the same place. Then it began melting rapidly, moving back 4.5 miles from 2001 through this past summer. It has also grown thinner, from top to bottom, by more than 130 feet since 2001. And over these past years, its trip to the sea has sped up from about 70 feet per day to nearly 110. The melting is driven by a warmer climate. Temperatures in Greenland have risen more than five degrees Fahrenheit(华氏温度) in the last ten years. Since most of Greenland"s ice is on land, seas will rise as the ice melts. If all Greenland"s ice sheet melted, oceans would be 15-20 feet higher. Nobody expects that to happen any time soon. |
| 1. What can we know about the glaciers according to the passage? |
| A. Glaciers only lie in Greenland. B. Water in glaciers is more than sea water. C. Glaciers sometimes float on the water. D. Glaciers can increase the water level of lakes. |
| 2. According to the passage, we know that Greenland _____. |
| A. belongs to Canada B. is the largest island in North America C. is all covered with glaciers D. is sinking under the sea level |
| 3. Which of the following may be the result of the disappearing of Greenland glaciers? |
| A. The climate of the world will be warmer. B. The glaciers in other areas will be bigger. C. It will be easy for explorers to visit the island. D. Some coastal cities may be under the sea. |
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| The UN Environment Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end for some migrating animals. Migrating or mobile animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of winter to warmer areas. Birds may fly from one part of the world to another, perhaps stopping at feeding grounds on the way. Whales and turtles (海龟) cover vast areas of ocean. The report says that changes in any one of the places which these animals use can cause serious harm. "Obviously these animals have developed their travelling patterns over thousands of years. But climate change is almost certain to be extreme over the next 25 to 50 years and it is extremely unlikely that these animals can change their habits fast enough," said the report author Dr Robert Hepworth. Hardest hit by rising temperatures are turtles. Scientists have found that at higher temperatures, turtles produce far more female eggs than male ones. In parts of Malaysia, turtle birthing sites are producing only females, the report says. It also provides evidence that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer as the waters get warmer. With birds, the main problem is climate-related damage to important areas at either end of the travels or at resting places along the way. About one-fifth of migrating birds are now in danger because of climate-related changes including rising sea levels, land loss and more violent storms, the report concludes. Other animals picked out as particularly in danger include: the North Atlantic Right Whale, whose main food (tiny shrimp) is disturbed by the change in ocean flows and the White-Nose Dolphin, which is out-competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters. The report is not all bad news. Even with major climatic changes, protecting the environment can still help mobile animals to recover. "We need governments to start taking action at the national and international lever. “The clock is running.” said Dr Hepworth. And some animals are already adapting, with the report mentioning whales that are changing their feeding behaviour, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat. 1. What is the main topic of the text? A. The effect of climate change on migrating animals. B. How animals are adapting to changes in temperature. C. The actions required to save migrating animals. D. The need for government policies to prevent global warming. 2. By saying "the clock is running" in the last paragraph, Dr Hepworth means that “_______”. A. it may be too late to save some animals B. it is time to start protecting the animals C. there is not much time to solve the problem D. it takes time to complete the actions 3. According to the report, how will global warming affect turtles in the future? A. They will only produce female babies. B. Their food supply will gradually disappear. C. Some will suffer from higher rates of cancer. D. They will be in greater danger because of more violent storms. 4. Which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of rising temperatures? A. More storms will affect the ability of whales to find their feeding grounds. B. 20 percent of all birds are likely to die out because of land loss. C. Migrating animals are likely to start adapting to the changes more quickly. D. Warmer oceans will increase the competition between different kinds of dolphins. 5. What can be inferred (推断) about turtles from the text? A. They are the only animals besides humans that suffer from cancer. B. They have traditionally lived longer than other ocean-based animals. C. Those born nearer a hotter area are more likely to be female. D. Most kinds of turtles are likely to die out within 50 years. |