题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
A study finds that, contrary to many parents" fears, owning cats or dogs does not increase a child"s risk of developing allergies, and in fact, may actually protect them. The study"s lead author, Dr. Dennic Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia, says that even he was "very surprised" by the results. Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7, comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first year of life to those who were not.
By using skin-prick tests for detecting common allergies, the researchers found that, contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years, children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.
Even mor
e remarkable, children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction, up to 77 percent, in risk of allergies. Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats. Exposing young children to these bacteria helps" exercise" their immune systems early in life so that they"re better able to resist allergic diseases later.There"s something very important in that first year of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response, said Dr. William Davis.
And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a child"s allergy risk, they say if a family already has one or more animals, there"s no need to get rid of them.
小题1:Why do the researchers feel “very surprised” by the results of the study?
| A．Because the results are contrary to their expectation． |
| B．Because so many children are playing with cats and dogs． |
| C．Because parents are so much worried about their children． |
| D．Because children with animals may develop allergies easily． |
| A．will lose the chance to develop immune system |
| B．may suffer allergic diseases more often |
| C．will reduce the harm from bacteria |
| D．can keep doctors away |
| A．pets are ill-treated by their owners |
| B．less families would like to own cats and dogs |
| C．keeping pets is a good way to keep children healthy |
| D．the results of the study can make families with pets feel at ease |
| A．the early life |
| B．an allergic disease |
| C．immune system |
| D．something important |
| A．How to protect your kids from allergies |
| B．Your pets may be helping your kids |
| C．Bacteria do good to your kids |
| D．Advantages of owning pets |
答案
小题1:A
小题1:B
小题1:D
小题1:C
小题1:B
解析
核心考点
试题【Most children, even the youngest of children, are delighted to be around cats an】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
In 2002, former England international footballer Jeff Astle died aged 59. A coroner (验尸官) said that Astle died from a brain disease likely to have been caused by “repeated small damages to the brain” related to heading a heavy leather football.
Dr. Scott Delaney, research director of emergency medicine at McGill University Health Center in Montreal, Canada, has also researched soccer-related head injury and agrees that head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows are the real risk.
In 2007, Delaney carried out a study on footballers aged between 12 and 17 that showed they were half as likely to be concussed (使脑部受到震荡) wearing headgear (帽) than without.
He said youngsters have a higher risk of head injury than adults because their heads are thinner and less able to absorb shock. To make matters worse, their neck muscles aren’t as well developed and they often lack the correct heading technique that can help throw away the force of the ball.
Delaney recommends that children wear headgear when playing football and says his two eldest children wear head protection playing the sport. But he admits that children can be unwilling to be the first to wear head protection—especially when their football heroes play without it.
While headgear can protect footballers from being concussed during a match, no one knows the long-term effects of repeated “sub-concussive” blows to the head.
Delaney says that while there is indirect evidence that a career in soccer can lead to dementia, no one has yet found a sure link between the two. He says proving a link would mean monitoring hundreds of footballers for three or four decades—and that would take a lot of funding.
小题1:Which might be the best title of the passage?
| A．Playing football may lead to brain damage. |
| B．Repeated small damages to the brain. |
| C．Footballers should wear headgear when playing. . |
| D．Evidence to dementia. |
| A．Long-term effects of blows. |
| B．Wearing head protection. |
| C．Underdeveloped neck muscles. |
| D．Head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows. |
| A．headgear is harmful to their heads | B．headgear influences their skills |
| C．they should follow their idols | D．they mustn’t lead the fashion |
| A．Delaney has studied dementia for three or four decades |
| B．few footballers would like to be studied in the research |
| C．funding is important in order to carry out the research. |
| D．no one can find the link between playing football and dementia |
ape the message that smoking is bad for you.But what if one or both of your parents smoke?You might be worried about their health,sick of smelling the smoke,or even a little embarrassed(尴尬的) by it.You can"t order your mom or dad to stop smoking ,but you can encourage them to quit.There are lots of good reasons.Here are some you can mention:*Smoking will hurt their health.
*Smoking creates secondhand smoke,which you don"t like .
*Smoking will make it hard for them to keep up with you be
cause they might run out of breath easily.If you think it will help,you could print out articles like this one to give it to your mom or dad. But what if your parent gets angry with you for bringing up the topic of smoking?People don"t like to be reminded that they are doing something unhealthy,so it"s possible that your parents will be insulted or angry,especially if they"re worried they won"t be able to quit.Maybe they have tried before and failed.
Remember to be kind and respectful when you discuss smoking with your mom or dad. Also rememeber that it is difficult to quit.Some people try several times before they"re able to quit for good. Instead of yelling at the them,tell them that you love them and want them to enjoy many healthy years ahead. In time,your mom or dad may realize you are right about smoking .And if they do agree to stop smoking,be their biggest supporter.Ask if there"s anything you can do to help them when they feel the urge to smoke.Maybe you could go for a walk,do a puzzle,or listen to music together.As they reach milestones,such as a month without smoking,be sure to celebrate the achievement.Way to go,mom!Way to go,dad!
小题1: In the first paragraph,the author intended to tell us______.
| A．the reasons you have for your parents" giving up smoking |
| B．the great damage smoking can cause to secondhand smokers |
| C．most smokers are includable and stubborn |
| D．smoking does harm to smoker"s health |
| A．the smokers will accept your advice willingly |
| B．the smokers may become very annoyed at once |
| C．the smokers will take your words into account |
| D．the smokers will put you in an embarrassing situation |
| A．stones which are miles away |
| B．agreements signed by both sides |
| C．practical tools for stopping smoking |
| D．achievements gained with great efforts |
| A．school teachers | B．health experts |
| C．sons and daughters | D．medical scientists |
Weight loss is a hard topic. Lots of people aren’t satisfied with their present weight, but most people aren’t sure how to change it. You may want to look like the models or actors in magazines or on TV, but those goals might not be healthy or realistic(现实的) for you . 小题1:
So what should you do about your weight control?
小题2: The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a doctor or dietitian （营养学家 ).
小题3: If it turns out that you can benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions listed below to get started.
小题4: People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures usually gain back all of the pounds they lost, because they haven’t permanently(永久地) changed their habits. Therefore, the best weight management ways are those that you can maintain for a lifetime.
Small changes are a lot easier to stick with (坚持做) than large ones. Try reducing the size of what you eat. 小题5: Once you have that down, start gradually introducing healthier foods and exercise into your life.
It’s a good idea to maintain a healthy weight because it’s just that: healthy.
| A．Try giving up regular soda for a week. |
| B．Try to pay attention as you eat and stop when you’re full. |
| C．Weight management is about long-term success. |
| D．Besides, no magical diet will make you look like someone else. |
F．Changing from whole to nonfat or low-fat milk is also a good idea.
G．They will compare your weight with healthy standards and help you set goals
Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. ___小题1:___
The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sickness. ___小题2:___ So they are called “disease of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noticed that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. __小题3:___ However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of day.
Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy product, and they made very little use of grains.
___小题4:___ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors(祖先). We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat b
ut only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.___小题5:___ But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.
| A．These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times. |
| B．People today probably don’t want to live the way people thousands of years ago did. |
| C．Ancient people also lived in large groups. |
| D．But today, we eat a lot of these. |
F. In that case, they would live much healthier.
G. People today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago did.
Dan Heins, one of the cafe’s regular customers, had a 36 : kidney dialysis（肾透析） from 6 to 10 a.m on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, after 37 at the cafe. The 56-year-old owner of the small cafe, Nancy 38 that Heins" diabetes(糖尿病)was 39 for his kidney failure and the cut-off of his leg. And Dan knew that Nancy, a single mother with three daughters, worked two other jobs to 40 the cafe open and meet her housing loans.
One morning as he ordered his breakfast, he 41 he would be on kidney dialysis the rest of his life if he didn"t receive a(n) 42 . Nancy didn"t hesitate, simply saying “I’ll donate”. A normal 43 volunteered to give him an organ? It seemed 44 to Dan, and Nancy had to spend a few weeks 45 him she was serious. The day before Thanksgiving in 2009, the results of the medical tests came in: She was a 46 .
While they were 47 the transplant, Dan’s other leg was cut off and Nancy’s financial 48 grew from bad to worse.
Nancy decided to close the cafe last September much 49 she loved it. At the same time, her home was going into 50 . Dan"s insurance would 51 her surgery costs, but she was worried too much that she wouldn"t be able to work the part-time jobs for six weeks.
Steve Ohlsen, another customer of the cafe, 52 a donation box near the register. In less than one month, people gave Nancy several thousand dollars—enough to ensure 53 on her home while she recovered.
Nancy and Dan had their 54 in September. Four months later,Dan is 55 dialysis, and Nancy has sent thank-you notes to her supporters.
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