题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Eating a diet high in processed food(加工食品)increases the risk of depression,research suggests.What"s more,peopie who ate plenty of vegetables,fruit and fish actually had a lower risk of depression,the University College London team found.
Data on diet among 3,500 middle-aged civil servants(公务员)were compared with their emotional state five years later,a British journal reported.They split the participants into two types of diet--those who ate a diet largely based on whole food,which inc!udes lots of fruit, vegetables and fish,and those who ate a mainly processed food diet,such as sweetened desserts,fried food,processed meat,refined grains and high fat dairy products After accounting for factors such as gender,age,education,physical activity,smoking habits and chronic(慢性的) diseases,they found a significant difference in the future depression risk with the different diets.
Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood.By contrast,people with a diet high in processed food had a 58% higher risk of depression than those who ate a diet low in processed foods.
Study author Dr. Archana SinghManoux pointed out there was a chance the finding could be explained by fl lifestyle factor they had not accounted for.
There was a paper showing a Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of depression,but the problem with that is if you live in Britain,the likelihood(可能性)of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
Dr.Andrew McCulloeh,chief executive of the Mental Health Foundation,said,this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.
He added people"s diets were becoming increasingly unhealthy.The UK population is consuming less nutritious,fresh produce and more saturated(含饱和脂肪酸的)fats and sugars.
小题1:The text is mainly about .
A.the increasingly unhealthy diet of the UK population |
B.the link between processed food and depression |
C.the relationship between physical and mental health |
D.fl healthy diet largely based on wholefood |
A.They are of different ages from young to old. |
B.They have been eating fl less heal thy diet these years. |
C.Most of them prefer wholefood to processed food. |
D.Those who ate wholefood generally were happier in the long term. |
A.It is difficult for most British people to have a Mediterranean diet. |
B.The Mediterranean diet is the most healthy in the world. |
C.Many studies have been done on the Mediterranean diet before. |
D.The Mediterranean diet is not good for depression. |
A.our diets are closely related to our mental health |
B.the present study needs more facts and other information |
C.the UK population will become ill in the near future |
D.more saturated fats and sugars should be taken in |
A.To tell people what a healthy diet actually is. |
B.To prove people’s diets are increasingly unhealthy. |
C.To encourage people to cut down on proceased food. |
D.To introduce some experts on the research team. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:A
小题5:C
解析
小题1:推理题。根据文章第一段可知文章是关于饮食与心情的关系。
小题2:推理题。根据第3段1,2行Those who ate the most wholefood had a 26% lower risk of future depression than those who ate the least wholefood.可知Those who ate wholefood长远来说更幸福。
小题3:细节题。根据倒数第三段2,3行if you live in Britain,the likelihood(可能性)of you eating a Mediterranean diet is not very high.
小题4:推理题。根据倒数第二段最后一句this study adds to an existing body of solid research that shows the strong links between what we eat and our mental health.可以推理出他认为饮食与精神健康有紧密的联系。
小题5:由文章可知不健康的饮食会导致精神不健康,接下来应该是鼓励人们减少处理好的食物的摄入量。
核心考点
试题【Eating a diet high in processed food(加工食品)increases the risk of depression,resea】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The inhalation (吸入) of asbestos particles is associated with a number of lung diseases, such as asbestosis and ___50___ cancer.
Asbestosis is caused by the entry of asbestos particles into the wall of the alveoli, causing scarring which limits the functioning of the lungs. The lung ___51___ its elasticity and may change shape. The initial symptoms of asbestosis are a tightness in the chest and breathlessness. In its ___52___ stages, sufferers develop the barrel-shaped chests associated with emphysema, cyanosis, (where the skin takes a bluish ___53___ ) and club fingers.
Lung cancer, the generic ___54___ for malignant tumors(肿瘤)of the alveoli and bronchial tubes, has been shown to be directly ___55___ to the inhalation of asbestos particles. As in the case of asbestosis, there is generally a period of inactiveness which may ___56___ from 25 to 30 years after initial exposure, despite the ___57___of further exposure. Research suggests that there is a direct correlation between the degree of exposure to asbestos ___58___the incidence of lung cancer. Where exposure occurs, the level of risk is further ___59___ by cigarette smoking. Asbestos workers who smoke cigarettes have a 90% greater risk of catching lung cancer than workers who do not ___60___.
Exposure to blue asbestos has been shown to producemesothelioma, a rare cancer of the outer lining of the lung or pleura. In a normal population the incidence of mesothelioma is extremely ___61___. Where epidemiological surveys have revealed a higher incidence of the disease, it is almost always related to ___62___ exposure.
___63___ changes in lung tissue caused by exposure to asbestos are pleural plaques and effusions. The former refer to a thickening of the lining of the chest wall, ___64___ the latter consists of a collection of fluid in the chest region outside the lungs. Pleural plaques commonly remain undiagnosed and generally have no detrimental effect on health.
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Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better.This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A.Temperature change. | B.NIR light. | C.Acidity change. | D.UV light. |
A.It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. |
B.It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release. |
C.It has not come onto the market up till now. |
D.It is not effective enough and could be poisonous. |
A.protected | B.formed | C.exposed | D.combined |
●What prevents depression:tea,coffee or hot chocolate?
Women who drink for or more cups of coffee a day are a fifth less likely to become depressed.Drinking two or three cups reduces the risk by 15 percent. This is the result of a study of 51,000 women over ten years, published in the Journal of the American Medicine Association.
One theory is that caffeine reduces the effect of the chemical adenosine(腺苷) in the brain, which can make us feel sleepy by slowing down nerve cell activity. Some anti-depressants also work by blocking the adenosine receptors. Coffee was found to be far more influential on depression levels than hot chocolate or tea due to the high caffeine content.
●How many eggs can we healthily eat: one a day or two a day?
Neither-eat them freely. We’ve long been warned to stick to two or three eggs a week because of their high cholesterol(胆固醇)content. But according to the Food Standards Agency, there is no recommended limit to how many eggs we can healthily eat, unless you have been told to cut down by your doctor.
There is no evidence that eating eggs raises cholesterol levels, and researchers found that eggs contain less cholesterol than in the past because hens are no longer given bone meal, which was banned in the 1990s after the BSE(疯牛病) cresis.
Research by the British Egg Council found that a medium egg gives you around 100 mg of cholesterol, a third of the 300mg recommended daily limit.
小题1:What is considered to fight depression best?
A.Tea. | B.Chocolate. | C.Adenosine. | D.Coffee. |
A.too much caffeine will probably make people sleepy |
B.coffee contains less caffeine than tea or hot chocolate |
C.one is depressed if his brain chemical adenosine is active |
D.tea and hot chocolate have no effect on men’s depression |
A.We should stick to two or three eggs a week in general. |
B.Eat as many eggs as you like unless your doctor advises you not to. |
C.Eggs contain more cholesterol at present than ever before. |
D.One egg daily and you’ll get more cholesterol than recommended. |
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage.Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr.Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr.White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10 ℃, Dr.White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
小题1:The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that____ .
A.the time is too short for doctors |
B.the patients are often too nervous |
C.the damage is extremely hard to fix |
D.the blood-cooling machine might break down |
A.taking the blood out of the brain |
B.trying the operation on monkeys first |
C.having the blood go through a machine |
D.lowering the brain’s temperature |
A.can last as long as 30 minutes |
B.can keep the brain’s blood warm |
C.can keep the patient’s brain healthy |
D.can help monkeys do different jobs |
a.send the cooled blood back to the brain b.stop the blood to the brain
c.have the blood cooled down d.operate on the brain
A.a,b,c,d | B.c,a,b,d | C.c,b,d,a | D.b,c,d,a |
To conduct the research, Boniel-Nissim and Barak randomly selected Israeli high school students who displayed a certain degree of stress. The teenagers were then divided into six groups. Two groups were asked to post blogs twice a week about their social difficulties, but only one of them was asked to open the blogs for comments. The next set of groups were also asked to blog twice a week to post about whatever was going on in their mind, again with one group allowing comments. The two control groups were asked to keep an old-fashioned private diary.
The researchers then collected the blog posts and diaries to discuss the adolescents’ emotional and social position. From the research, they saw that the greatest improvement in mood was with the bloggers who wrote about their personal troubles and allowed people to interact with their posts. The research also noted that the comments were mostly positive and constructive. Boniel-Nissim and Barak said that the commentators’ interactions helped the bloggers while they were distressed. The conclusive research noted that expressing yourself on the Internet not only let others know what was personally going on with you, but also helped you figure out some things about yourself too.
小题1:The underlined word “therapeutic” in Paragraph 1 can be best explained as “ ”.
A.attractive to teens |
B.addictive for children |
C.making people feel calm and relaxed |
D.able to be easily hurt |
A.Those who blogged regularly. |
B.Those who suffered from stress. |
C.Those who had never blogged before. |
D.Those who had poor social skills. |
A.they blog and allow comments |
B.they discuss their study on the blog |
C.they keep a traditional diary |
D.they comment on someone else’s blog |
A.should not always be opened to comments |
B.is most useful in improving one’s mood |
C.is not an effective way to express one’s feelings |
D.can help students see their problems better |
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