You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
小题1:What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?| A．People and things around you. | B．Opportunities and problems. | | C．Creators and their choices. | D．Victims and their sufferings. |
小题2:According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.| A．seem willing to experience failures in life | | B．possess the ability to predict future life | | C．handle ups and downs of life wisely | | D．have potential to create something new |
小题3:What can we learn from Paragraph 3?| A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life. | | B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives. | | C．Victims can influence more people than creators. | | D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional. |
小题4:The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.| A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims. | | B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life. | | C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains. | | D．one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life. |
小题5:What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?| A．To define victims and creators. | | B．To evaluate victims against creators. | | C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators. | | D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. |
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小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:D |
本文所讲的大体意思：“a victim”和“a creator”拥有不同的生活方式。“a victim”生活在一个寒冷、痛苦的世界中；而“a creator”生活在积极向上、能够掌握自己生活命运的世界中。作者建议从“a victim”转变成为“a creator”。
小题1:代词指代。B选项的problems是后文提到的，不是答案。C也是后文提到的，首段第二句话说的并不是创造者而是受害者。D选项的内容与划线的句子构成重复，语义不对。故选A项。
小题2:细节理解。定位第二段，阅读第二段得知创造者能处理好生活中面对的事情或者根据本段第二句话。ACD是文章根本没有提及的内容。
小题3:推理判断。定位第三段“Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.”，本段是总分总结构，首句或是尾句即可得出答案。创造者和受害者都是生活的
决定者。
小题4:推理判断。根据第四段“One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime.”可以
小题5:主旨大意。叠加各段的主题句得知，本文谈及的主旨是创造者的好处和受害者的坏处以及我们每个人能成为创造者和受害者，作者的目的是建议转化为创造者。 |
核心考点
试题【You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. Wh】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your pattern of daily activity may change：you find yourself awake and active in the middle of the night；you sleep late into the day. You stay in your room and have little contact with people except with those who speak your language. In your mind，you criticize the people around you；You are constantly comparing between life here and the perfect life back home. Above a11, you are homesick almost all the time.
If you ever find yourself behaving in these ways，you are probably suffering from culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological condition that sometimes has physical effects. It affects people who have moved away from an environment where they know how to live into a new environment where much is unfamiliar to them-the food，the weather, the language，and especially the unwritten rules for social behavior.
Culture shock is caused. therefore，by a lack of familiarity with the system of rules that the new society uses for everyday living. Language is an obvious example of one type of these rules. If your language is limited，even the simplest task can suddenly become difficult for you. However, knowledge of the language doesn’t make you free from the effects of culture shock as many Britons in the United States and many Americans in Britain will experience. Most people are unaware that each culture has its own rules for social behavior；they certainly think that polite， civilized people behave the same way worldwide. This mistaken belief will cause you to behave and judge the behavior of others according to the rules you learned as a member of your own culture. If the rules are different, then people will misunderstand your behavior, and you will misunderstand theirs.
How can you deal with culture shock? First, you need to realize that every newcomer suffers from some culture shock. You’re not the only case. Second，remember that culture shock can be cured. The process of recovery will start as you begin to become used to the new culture. Of course learning the language will help remove the obstacles to communication and will ease the job of making Mends with people. Recognizing and learning the new cultural rules of behavior, however, may be just as important. You’ll still have emotional reactions to unfamiliar situations but you’11 find yourself making jokes about them rather than condemning the entire society as “stupid.” The jokes are a good sign：they show that you are recovering.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．the causes of culture shock | | B．some signs of culture shock | | C．the cure for culture shock | | D．an explanation of culture shock |
小题2:What does the underlined word obstacles mean?| A．things that make a task easy | | B．things that make at ask enjoyable | | C．things that make a task difficult | | D．things that make at ask funny |
小题3:What can be concluded when you find yourself making jokes about new culture?| A．You are about to recover from culture shock. | | B．You have completely got rid of culture shock. | | C．You never suffered from culture shock before. | | D．You’re in culture shock for many years. |
小题4: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?| A．The passage suggests that culture shock makes you miss your family badly. | | B．A good knowledge of the language will prevent you suffering from culture shock. | | C．In the writer’s opinion，the social rules for polite，civilized behavior are international. | | D．If you have a perfect knowledge of their language, you will never be misunderstood. |
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Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.
Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
小题1:The text mainly discusses the relationship between . | A．heart problems and air quality | | B．heart problems and exercising | | C．heart problems and smoking | | D．heart problems and fatty food |
小题2:The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .| A．relatively high | B．extremely low | | C．relatively low | D．extremely high |
小题3:What can we learn from the text? | A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. | | B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. | | C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking, | | D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. |
小题4:The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to . | A．inform | B．persuade | C．describe | D．entertain |
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Elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more active and independent than their peers over time，according to a Japanese study that covered thousands of people．
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals that may help ward off the cell damage that can lead to disease．Researchers have been studying green tea"s effect on everything from cholesterol(胆固醇)to the risk of certain cancers，with mixed results so far．
For the new Japanese study，researchers decided to examine the question of whether green tea drinkers have a lower risk of frailty and disability as they grow older．
Tomata and his colleagues followed nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older for three years．
They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”，or problems with daily activities or basic needs，such as dressing or bathing．
Specifically，almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled，compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups fl day．
The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people active as they grew older．
Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets，including more fish，vegetables and fruit，as well as more education．lower smoking rates，fewer heart attacks and strokes，and greater mental sharpness．
They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on．
Although it"s not clear how green tea might offer a buffer(缓冲剂)against disability，Tomata"s team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts(提炼物)seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women．
While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts，they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K，which means it could block drugs that prevent blood thickened．
小题1:Which of the following can summarize the passage best?| A．Green tea makes you less active． | | B．Green tea makes you less disabled． | | C．Green tea makes you more friendly． | | D．Green tea makes you more educated． |
小题2:The underlined word“ward off”in Paragraph 2 probably means .| A．form | B．absorb | C．remove | D．prevent |
小题3:Tomata and his colleagues wanted to .| A．prove whether the Japanese study is correct | | B．know if green tea drinkers are independent | | C．help nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older | | D．study green tea"s effect on cholesterol |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT the advantage of green tea?| A．Reduce functional disability． | | B．Keep old people active． | | C．Make more friends． | | D．Suffer fewer heart attacks． |
小题5:It can be inferred from the last paragraph .| A．green tea is safe to drink | | B．green tea should be drunk properly | | C．green tea is poisonous for old people | | D．vitamin K is helpful to us |
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The findings come ___36___ a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet, calorie intake and body mass index (BMI) - a measure of obesity.___37___ is found that those who ate chocolate a few times a week were, on ___38___, slimmer than those ___39___ ate it occasionally. Even though chocolate is loaded with calories, it contains ingredients（材料）that may favour weight loss ___40___ than fat synthesis, scientists believe.___41___ boosting calorie intake, regular chocolate consumption was related to lower BMI in the study, ___42___ is published in Archives of Internal Medicine. The link remained even when other factors, like how ___43___ exercise individuals did, were taken into ___44___.And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important, rather than how much of it you eat. The ___45___ found no link with quantity consumed.
___46___ to the researchers, there is only one chance in a hundred that their findings could be explained by chance alone. Lead author Dr Beatrice Golomb, from the University of California at San Diego, said: "Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that the composition of calories, not just the number of them, matters for determining their ultimate impact on weight."This is not the first time scientists ___47___ that chocolate may be healthy for us. Other studies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart. Consumption of certain types of chocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure, insulin（胰岛素）sensitivity and cholesterol（胆固醇）level. And chocolate, ___48___ dark chocolate, does contain antioxidants（抗氧化剂）which can help to mop up harmful free radicals - unstable chemicals that can damage our cells.
Dr Golomb and her team believe that antioxidant compounds, called catechins（儿茶素）, can improve lean muscle mass and reduce weight ___49___ studies in rodents would suggest this might be so. Mice ___50___ for 15 days with epicatechin (present in dark chocolate) had improved exercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition.They say clinical trials are now needed in humans to see ___51___ this is the case.
But before you reach ___52___ a chocolate bar, there are still lots of unanswered questions. And in the absence of conclusive evidence, experts advise caution.While there"s no harm in allowing yourself a treat like ___53___ now and again, eating too much might be harmful because it often ___54___ a lot of sugar and fat too.And if you are looking to change your diet, you are ___55___ to benefit most from eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.
| 小题3: | | A．whole | B．average | C．general | D．short |
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| 小题4: | | A．who | B．that | C．which | D．why |
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| 小题5: | | A．other | B．rather | C．less | D．more |
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| 小题6: | | A．Though | B．Even if | C．when | D．Despite |
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| 小题7: | | A．that | B．which | C．where | D．when |
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| 小题8: | | A．much | B．often | C．long | D．many |
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| 小题9: | | A．thoughts | B．mind | C．account | D．effect |
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| 小题10: | | A．news | B．report | C．study | D．book |
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| 小题11: | | A．According | B．Based | C．Reply | D．Response |
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| 小题12: | | A．had suggested | B．suggested | C．have suggested | D．suggest |
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| 小题13: | | A．specially | B．particularly | C．luckily | D．unfortunately |
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| 小题14: | | A．at least | B．at most | C．in fact | D．by accident |
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| 小题15: | | A．feeding | B．fed | C．to feed | D．feed |
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| 小题18: | | A．noodles | B．chocolate | C．rice | D．nuts |
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| 小题19: | | A．includes | B．takes | C．absorbs | D．contains |
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| 小题20: | | A．probable | B．possible | C．likely | D．about |
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There is an English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes. The group that tolerated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG? | A．Laughter is good for health. | | B．Laughter can make you become old quickly. | | C．Laughter helps to reduce pain. | | D．Laughter, just like physical exercise, is good for our body. |
小题2:The underlined word “diminishes” in the third paragraph means “ ”. | A．delays | B．prevents | C．increases | D．reduces |
小题3:Why do doctors hold laughter clinics? | A．Because they want to earn more money. | | B．Because they think they will help the patients recover from illnesses. | | C．Because they want to improve their patients’ health. | | D．Because they want their patients to laugh more. |
小题4:According to the author, we should __________ in our life. | A．laugh as much as possible | | B．watch more funny films | | C．smile all the time | | D．spend time in the laughter clinics |
小题5:What would be the best title for this passage? | A．Both laughter and physical exercise are good for health. | | B．Laughter clinics can help patients improve their condition. | | C．Laughter can reduce the effect of pain. | | D．Laughter is the best medicine. |
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