Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.
Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露）to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风）within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物）were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好）quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
小题1:The text mainly discusses the relationship between . | A．heart problems and air quality | | B．heart problems and exercising | | C．heart problems and smoking | | D．heart problems and fatty food |
小题2:The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .| A．relatively high | B．extremely low | | C．relatively low | D．extremely high |
小题3:What can we learn from the text? | A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart. | | B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality. | | C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking, | | D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made. |
小题4:The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to . | A．inform | B．persuade | C．describe | D．entertain |
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小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:A |
众所周知，摄入过多脂肪，缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的研究表明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。
小题1:主旨大意题。根据本文主题句——第一自然段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A。
小题2:词义猜测题。modest原意是：谦虚的，温和的，由此可以推断出本文中其意思是：相对较低的，选C。
小题3:事实细节题。根据最后一句可知本题选D。
小题4:写作意图题。本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故本题选A。 |
核心考点
试题【Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your fut】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Elderly adults who regularly drink green tea may stay more active and independent than their peers over time，according to a Japanese study that covered thousands of people．
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals that may help ward off the cell damage that can lead to disease．Researchers have been studying green tea"s effect on everything from cholesterol(胆固醇)to the risk of certain cancers，with mixed results so far．
For the new Japanese study，researchers decided to examine the question of whether green tea drinkers have a lower risk of frailty and disability as they grow older．
Tomata and his colleagues followed nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older for three years．
They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”，or problems with daily activities or basic needs，such as dressing or bathing．
Specifically，almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled，compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups fl day．
The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people active as they grew older．
Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets，including more fish，vegetables and fruit，as well as more education．lower smoking rates，fewer heart attacks and strokes，and greater mental sharpness．
They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on．
Although it"s not clear how green tea might offer a buffer(缓冲剂)against disability，Tomata"s team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts(提炼物)seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women．
While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts，they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K，which means it could block drugs that prevent blood thickened．
小题1:Which of the following can summarize the passage best?| A．Green tea makes you less active． | | B．Green tea makes you less disabled． | | C．Green tea makes you more friendly． | | D．Green tea makes you more educated． |
小题2:The underlined word“ward off”in Paragraph 2 probably means .| A．form | B．absorb | C．remove | D．prevent |
小题3:Tomata and his colleagues wanted to .| A．prove whether the Japanese study is correct | | B．know if green tea drinkers are independent | | C．help nearly 14，000 adults aged 65 or older | | D．study green tea"s effect on cholesterol |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT the advantage of green tea?| A．Reduce functional disability． | | B．Keep old people active． | | C．Make more friends． | | D．Suffer fewer heart attacks． |
小题5:It can be inferred from the last paragraph .| A．green tea is safe to drink | | B．green tea should be drunk properly | | C．green tea is poisonous for old people | | D．vitamin K is helpful to us |
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The findings come ___36___ a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet, calorie intake and body mass index (BMI) - a measure of obesity.___37___ is found that those who ate chocolate a few times a week were, on ___38___, slimmer than those ___39___ ate it occasionally. Even though chocolate is loaded with calories, it contains ingredients（材料）that may favour weight loss ___40___ than fat synthesis, scientists believe.___41___ boosting calorie intake, regular chocolate consumption was related to lower BMI in the study, ___42___ is published in Archives of Internal Medicine. The link remained even when other factors, like how ___43___ exercise individuals did, were taken into ___44___.And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important, rather than how much of it you eat. The ___45___ found no link with quantity consumed.
___46___ to the researchers, there is only one chance in a hundred that their findings could be explained by chance alone. Lead author Dr Beatrice Golomb, from the University of California at San Diego, said: "Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that the composition of calories, not just the number of them, matters for determining their ultimate impact on weight."This is not the first time scientists ___47___ that chocolate may be healthy for us. Other studies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart. Consumption of certain types of chocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure, insulin（胰岛素）sensitivity and cholesterol（胆固醇）level. And chocolate, ___48___ dark chocolate, does contain antioxidants（抗氧化剂）which can help to mop up harmful free radicals - unstable chemicals that can damage our cells.
Dr Golomb and her team believe that antioxidant compounds, called catechins（儿茶素）, can improve lean muscle mass and reduce weight ___49___ studies in rodents would suggest this might be so. Mice ___50___ for 15 days with epicatechin (present in dark chocolate) had improved exercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition.They say clinical trials are now needed in humans to see ___51___ this is the case.
But before you reach ___52___ a chocolate bar, there are still lots of unanswered questions. And in the absence of conclusive evidence, experts advise caution.While there"s no harm in allowing yourself a treat like ___53___ now and again, eating too much might be harmful because it often ___54___ a lot of sugar and fat too.And if you are looking to change your diet, you are ___55___ to benefit most from eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.
| 小题3: | | A．whole | B．average | C．general | D．short |
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| 小题4: | | A．who | B．that | C．which | D．why |
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| 小题5: | | A．other | B．rather | C．less | D．more |
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| 小题6: | | A．Though | B．Even if | C．when | D．Despite |
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| 小题7: | | A．that | B．which | C．where | D．when |
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| 小题8: | | A．much | B．often | C．long | D．many |
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| 小题9: | | A．thoughts | B．mind | C．account | D．effect |
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| 小题10: | | A．news | B．report | C．study | D．book |
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| 小题11: | | A．According | B．Based | C．Reply | D．Response |
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| 小题12: | | A．had suggested | B．suggested | C．have suggested | D．suggest |
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| 小题13: | | A．specially | B．particularly | C．luckily | D．unfortunately |
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| 小题14: | | A．at least | B．at most | C．in fact | D．by accident |
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| 小题15: | | A．feeding | B．fed | C．to feed | D．feed |
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| 小题18: | | A．noodles | B．chocolate | C．rice | D．nuts |
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| 小题19: | | A．includes | B．takes | C．absorbs | D．contains |
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| 小题20: | | A．probable | B．possible | C．likely | D．about |
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There is an English saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes. The group that tolerated (忍耐) the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小题1:According to the passage, which of the following statements is WRONG? | A．Laughter is good for health. | | B．Laughter can make you become old quickly. | | C．Laughter helps to reduce pain. | | D．Laughter, just like physical exercise, is good for our body. |
小题2:The underlined word “diminishes” in the third paragraph means “ ”. | A．delays | B．prevents | C．increases | D．reduces |
小题3:Why do doctors hold laughter clinics? | A．Because they want to earn more money. | | B．Because they think they will help the patients recover from illnesses. | | C．Because they want to improve their patients’ health. | | D．Because they want their patients to laugh more. |
小题4:According to the author, we should __________ in our life. | A．laugh as much as possible | | B．watch more funny films | | C．smile all the time | | D．spend time in the laughter clinics |
小题5:What would be the best title for this passage? | A．Both laughter and physical exercise are good for health. | | B．Laughter clinics can help patients improve their condition. | | C．Laughter can reduce the effect of pain. | | D．Laughter is the best medicine. |
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If your recurring(经常性的)dreams are worrying you，you can rest assured and needn’t worry．Psychologists say in the vast majority of these cases，this is just the mind’s way of dealing with stress and conflicts，problems and concerns．It’s a good thing．
They call be surprisingly vivid and real，or fragmented and weird．They can be comforting or frightening．Our dreams can tell us a lot about what we are really thinking．Dreams give us an x-ray of our unconsciousness(潜意识)．They tell us，particularly when we are at life’s passages or turning points．
Lisa Oppenheim had the same dream whenever she was about to move to a new home or a new city．It’s always just a feeling of needing to stay safe．Experts say disturbing dreams often occur around major life events．For Lisa，it was moving．For others，it can be marriage or divorce，the death of a loved one or pressure at work．
Doctor Siegel has studied the meaning of dream for nearly 30 years．He believes stressful or upsetting dreams can be a sign of what’s buried deep inside our minds．
He said．“Dreams are important to survival．They are crucial to the balance of our psyche(心灵)．They help us work out problems that we’re having every single day．They go to the cutting edge of what’s stressful，what’s bothering us and what we’re working out in our lives．Dreams can guide us and in order to find that guidance，to find that deep source of wisdom that’s in our dreams every night，we need to pay attention to our dreams．”
But many dreams are scary and horrible．How can we understand these nightmares? Doctor Siegel says they are reflecting especially intense emotion or unresolved conflict．The stronger the emotion in the dream，whether it’s pleasure or fear，the likelier the dream is to be important．
Knowing what your recurring dreams or nightmares mean can be liberating．Some nightmares can be a sign of serious psychological problems，such as post-dramatic stress disorder．If they are extremely disturbing or violent or the cause of severe anxiety，you should see a professional therapist(治疗专家)．
小题1:By saying “Dreams give US an x-ray of our unconsciousness,” the author means that dreams| A．do harm to our mind | B．show us our real mind | | C．solve our stress in mind | D．give us a turning point in mind |
小题2:People will have recurring dreams when they_______________．| A．1ive with great pressure or have great events | | B．do the same things all their lives | | C．move to a new home or a new city | | D．are comforted or frightened |
小题3:Which of the following is true according to Doctor Siegel?| A．Dreams play a very important role in the world’s balance． | | B．Dreams help us find out the problems we need to solve． | | C．We should pay attention to every dream we have． | | D．Only the dreams with pleasure are important to us． |
小题4:How should we deal with the recurring nightmares?| A．We should remember them because they are important to us． | | B．We can ignore them since they are just reflecting our emotions． | | C．We need to take some sleeping pills to stop this serious problem． | | D．We should see a psychological doctor if they are seriously disturbing |
小题5:The purpose of the passage is_________________．| A．to introduce a variety of dreams | | B．to offer some advice on avoiding nightmares | | C．to compare recurring dreams with nightmares | | D．to ease our anxiety on recurring dreams |
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In 2030, 42 percent of American adults will be obese, and about one-quarter of that group will be severely obese, a condition that shortens life and wastes large medical expenses, a new study predicts.
Obesity related ailments — diabetes, heart disease, kidney failure — consume at least 9 percent of health-care spending the United States. Some researchers believe the cost may be twice that estimate. Total health spending is about $2.6 trillion a year.
In 2030, 42 percent of people are projected to be obese, and 11 percent severely obese. Obesity is a body mass index , which suggests 85 kg for someone 1.67 meters tall. Severe obesity is 112 kg for someone that height.
Obesity is rising in higher-income men. Severe obesity is increasing in both sexes. It was 6.2 percent in women in 1999 and 8.1 percent in 2010. For men, it was 3.1 percent in 1999 and 4.4 percent in 2010.
It is believed that the obesity rate is closely related to the following factors: the price of gasoline, which discourages walking when it is low; access to the Internet (and other technologies), which encourages long periods of sitting still; and restaurants per 10,000 people, which increases eating out and weight gain when the number goes up.
Urgent measures must be taken to inspire people to exercise more and educate people about better eating habits before too many people will be suffering from being . obese.
小题1:The word “ailments” in the second paragraph is equal to _______.| A．Diabetes | B．Heart disease | C．Kidney failure | D．Diseases |
小题2:If a man aged 35 is about 1.65 meters tall and weighs 65 kg, he is
probably _____ according to the passage.| A．Obese | B．Severely obese | C．Normal | D．Overweight |
小题3:According to the passage, which of the following facts contributes to the obesity rate?| A．People are used to eating out in restaurants. | | B．People do not have free access to the Internet. | | C．The price of gasoline is going up steadily. | | D．The number of higher-income women is on the increase. |
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