题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
小题1:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
| A．Food when poisoned can make people sick. | B．Food poisoning means death. |
| C．Food poisoning comes in varieties. | D．Food poisoning can be serious. |
| A．are always accompanied by a fever | B．are too common to be noted |
| C．can be noticed within hours | D．can he ignored |
| A．some chemicals | B．low temperatures |
| C．some tiny living things | D．certain natural materials |
| A．mushrooms should not be eaten |
| B．vegetables are safer than meat and seafood |
| C．natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals |
| D．different types of food should be handled differently |
| A．natural materials are safe in food processing |
| B．chemicals are needed in food processing |
| C．food poisoning can be kept under control |
| D．food poisoning is out of control |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:C
解析
试题分析：文章介绍了食品中毒的症状，原因以及教读者怎样储存食物避免变质和导致食品中毒。
小题1:考查事实细节分析理解，由第一段中Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly.可知选B。
小题2:考察细节理解：由第一段The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.可知，选C
小题3:考查事实细节分析理解，由第五段Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing.可知low temperatures不能导致Food poisoning选 B
小题4:考查推测分析能力，由第五段第一句话可以推测出D恰当，A太绝对B。C无细节支持
小题5:考查推测能力，由文中第五段第一句话When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small.可推测出C正确
点评：本文对高一学生来说还是有些难度的，集中考查了细节题，要求考生在阅读的时候，在关键的信息点上做好标志和符号，解题时减少回读的次数，提高阅读的速度和效率。
核心考点
试题【Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food ca】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory, researchers say.
A study by a team at Northumbria University showed that smokers lost more of their memory when compared to non-smokers.
And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers.
The study involved more than seventy 18-to-25-year-olds and included a tour of the university’s campus. Those who took part were asked to recall small details, such as a list of songs played at a campus concert and tasks completed at various points－known as real world memory test. Smokers performed badly, remembering just 59 percent of tasks. But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks.
Dr. Tom Heffernan, who leads Northumbria University’s Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group, said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns. He said, “Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in the United States, it"s important to understand the effects smoking has on everyday cognitive（认知的）function-of which prospective memory is an excellent example. ”
“This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an impact on memory. We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits for the body, but this study also shows how stopping smoking can have knock-on benefits for cognitive functions too. ’’
The research will now investigate the effects of passive smoking on memory, while Dr. Heffernan and Dr. Terence O’Neil will look into the effects of third-hand smoking－toxins left on curtains and furniture.
小题1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
| A．Smoking does harm to health. |
| B．Smokers take a tour to the University’s campus. |
| C．Smoking can affect one’s memory. |
| D．Smokers are compared to non-smokers. |
| A．Smokers did the worst among the participants. |
| B．Non-smokers could recall about half of them. |
| C．Smokers could recall nothing at all. |
| D．Those who gave up smoking did best. |
| A．would be really a surprise to the public |
| B．would contribute to fighting against smoking |
| C．would be used in real world memory test |
| D．would be nothing new to the researchers |
| A．order | B．impression | C．expression | D．effect |
| A．Investigate the effects of third-hand smoking. |
| B．Do research on how smoking affects passive smokers. |
| C．Find ways to persuade people to quit smoking. |
| D．Study whether giving up smoking affects memory. |
With the development of the society, people no longer worry about where their next meal comes from as they did in the old days. They become more and more concerned about their health problem. Different people come up with different views: eating green food, doing outdoor exercises or going to hospital for medical treatment frequently. As far as I am concerned, the best way to keep healthy is to develop a good quality of psychology(心理).
According to some surveys, nowadays, most patients are not physically sick but mentally(精神上) ill. They feel the burden on their shoulders is much heavier than others, so they can’t step out of the shadow of depression and sadness. They need to release their spirit to the nature.
Besides, if you have developed a good quality of psychology, you’ll become more sociable and thus more willing to play your part in the society. Joining in some keep-fit clubs or attending some travel agency, which by themselves are various versions of physical exercise, will benefit you a lot.
As a poem says, youth is not a period of time; it’s a state of mind. Everybody wants to keep young at heart because youth is a symbol for endless energy and passion for living.
Keep a good quality of mind, or keep a sense of humour, even if you are 80, and you’ll never be old.
小题1:According to the passage, in the old days, what people cared most might be _____.
| A．food | B．exercising | C．clothing | D．health |
| A．have meals regularly | B．do outdoor exercises |
| C．go to hospital frequently | D．keep psychological health |
| A．burden | B．depression | C．sadness | D．spirit |
| A．taking social responsibility | B．exercising in a keep-fit club |
| C．going on journeys | D．taking physical exercise |
| A．keep exercising | B．keep a young heart |
| C．keep humourous | D．keep a proper diet |
There are four levels of sleep, each being a little deeper than the one before. As you sleep, your body relaxes (放松) little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, and your brain slows down. After you reach the fourth level, your body shifts (变换) back and forth from one level of sleep to the other.
Though your mind slows down, you will dream from time to time. Scientists who study sleep point out that when dreaming occurs, your eyeballs begin to move more quickly (although your eyelids are closed). This stage of sleep is called REM, which stands for rapid eye movement.
If you have trouble falling asleep, some people recommend (建议) breathing very slowly and very deeply. Other people believe that drinking warm milk will make you drowsy. There is also an old suggestion that counting sheep will put you to sleep.
小题1:The text suggests that not getting enough sleep might make you _____.
| A．suffer from poor health | B．feel tired and nervous |
| C．dream more often | D．breathe quickly |
| A．you move restlessly |
| B．you start dreaming |
| C．your mind stops working |
| D．your eyeballs move quickly |
| A．lazy | B．sleepy | C．relaxed | D．pleased |
| A．Dreams | B．Sleep |
| C．Good Health | D．Work and Rest |
Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over l2,000 volunteers over six years. When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.
“Participants with an increased consumption of trans-fats presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume these fats,” the head study author said. “The more trans-fats were consumed, the greater harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.”
The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the effect of polyunsaturated fats made up of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils and olive oil, these products are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression.
The report, published in the online journal PLOS ONE, noted the research was performed on a European population that enjoys a relatively low intake of trans-fats—making up only 0.4 percent of the total energy taken in by the volunteers. “Despite this, we observed an increase in the risk of suffering depression of nearly 50 percent,” said researcher Miguel Martinez. “On this basis we think it of great importance to take this effect into account in countries like the United States, where the percentage of energy derived from these fats is around 2.5 percent.”
The report pointed out that the current number of depression sufferers in the world is around l50 million people, and has increased in recent years. This rise is attributable, according to the authors, “to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets, where we have replaced certain types of beneficial fats in nuts, vegetable oils and fish with the saturated and trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.”
小题1:What"s the best title of the text?
| A．Junk Food and Depression | B．Depression Prevention |
| C．Types of Fats and Depression | D．Depression Research |
| A．Fish. | B．Vegetable oil. | C．Olive oil. | D．Butter. |
| A．2.5% Americans suffer mental illness |
| B．l2,000 volunteers in Navarra took part |
| C．a minority of participants became new sufferers |
| D．l50 million Europeans enjoy a healthier lifestyle |
| A．obtained | B．chosen | C．separated | D．preserved |
| A．they have less time for exercise |
| B．they eat more nuts, vegetable oils and fish |
| C．the sources of fats in their diets have changed |
| D．less meat, butter, and cakes are included in their diets |
Some doctors now think that the internal(内部的) fat surrounding important organs like the heart or liver could be as dangerous as the external fat which can be noticed more easily.
“Being thin doesn’t surely mean you are not fat,” said Dr Jimmy Bell at Imperial College. Since 1994, Bell and his team have scanned nearly 800 people with MRI machines to create “fat maps” showing where people store fat.
According to the result, people who keep their weight through diet rather than exercise are likely to have major deposits of internal fat, even if they are slim.
Even people with normal Body Mass Index scores can have surprising levels of fat deposits inside. Of the women, as many as 45 percent of those with normal BMI scores (20 to 25) actually had too high levels of internal fat. Among men, the percentage was nearly 60 percent.
According to Bell, people who are fat on the inside are actually on the edge of being fat. They eat too many fatty and sugary foods, but they are not eating enough to be fat. Scientists believe we naturally store fat around the belly first, but at some point, the body may start storing it elsewhere.
Doctors are unsure about the exact dangers of internal fat, but some think it has something to do with heart disease and diabetes. They want to prove that internal fat damages the body’s communication systems.
The good news is that internal fat can be easily burned off through exercise or even by improving your diet. “If you want to be healthy, there is no short cut. Exercise has to be an important part of your lifestyle,” Bell said.
小题1:According to the pass age, which of the following is WRONG?
| A．People with heart disease all have internal fat. |
| B．People can get rid of internal fat by improving diet. |
| C．Men are more likely to have too much internal fat. |
| D．Exercise can help to reduce the internal fat. |
| A．whether internal fat can lead to disease has been proved |
| B．exercise plays an important role in people’s life for keeping healthy |
| C．thin people usually have internal fat even if they are slim |
| D．it is easier to burn off internal fat than external fat |
| A．the exact dangers of internal fat |
| B．internal fat is the cause of heart disease and diabetes |
| C．being slim doesn’t mean you are not fat inside |
| D．being slim is not dangerous at all |
| A．a long road | B．a clear difference |
| C．an easy way | D．a short distance |
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