题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
A new study last week showed eating even a little less salt could greatly help the heart.The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes(中风), four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease.
Researchers also found that the benefits would be greatest for African Americans and women.As a group, African Americans tend to have higher blood pressure than the general population, and "many studies suggest that they may be more sensitive to salt," says Dr.Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, an epidemiologist(流行病学家)at the University of California, San Francisco.Her analysis found that a reduction of 3 gram of salt per day would reduce heart attacks 8% on average; among African Americans, that rate would drop 10%.A similar result was found in women, whose stroke risk dropped 8% with a 3-g reduction in salt intake; in men, the risk fell 5%.
They and public health professionals in the United States are interested in a national campaign to persuade people to eat less salt.
However, other scientists say such a campaign is an experiment with the health of millions of people.
Michael Alderman, a high blood pressure expert and professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, says that eating less salt results in lower blood pressure.But he says studies have not clearly shown that lowering salt means fewer heart attacks or strokes.
“Salt has other biological effects. Calling for reductions in the national diet could have good effects, as well as harmful results. There is not enough evidence either way,”said Michael Alderman.
小题1:Eating too much salt may lead to the following EXCEPT .
A.stroke | B.heart disease | C.high blood pressure | D.lung cancer |
A.Most Americans take more salt than advised. |
B.African women eat more salt than Americans. |
C.One"s origin determines how much salt he can eat. |
D.Good health is just on the basis of having less salt. |
A.cold | B.objective | C.subjective | D.doubtful |
A.The Benefits of Eating Less Salt. |
B.A New Study on Salt and Diseases. |
C.An Argument Over Salt and Health. |
D.The Harm Caused by Too Much Salt. |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:C
解析
试题分析:本文论述了美国人的摄盐量的多少与健康之间的关系,作者在本文客观的叙述了两种不同的观点,一是摄盐量太多可能给人们的健康带来一些问题,引起中风及心脏病等,所以有些人就提倡少吃盐。而另一观点认为如果摄盐量控制的太低,人们容易得血压低,他们说研究并没有表明少吃盐能够降低心脏病和中风的机率。
小题1:细节理解题。根据The scientists said the results would be thirteen percent fewer heart attacks, eight percent fewer strokes(中风), four percent fewer deaths and eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease.故选D。
小题2:细节理解题。根据That"s twice the amount recommended by the government.大多数美国人的摄盐量多于政府建议的量, 故选A。
小题3:观点态度题。cold 冷谈的; objective客观的; subjective 主观的; doubtful怀疑的。根据全文的内容作者只是客观地介绍了美国人吃盐的相关信息,故选B。
小题4:标题归纳题。根据全文的内容本文主要介绍了盐与健康的关系的两种不同的观点,故选C。
点评:态度题是英语阅读中的一种重要题型,主要考查对文章中作者态度的辨别。作者态度大致分为两种:(1)支持或赞同;(2)中立或客观;(3)怀疑、批评或反对。题干中有attitude或think,believe,deem,consider,regard等词汇,选项中是一些表示态度的名词或形容词。可以反映作者观点的动词、形容词等。不要把自己的态度揉入其中,还要注意区分考查是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度。当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者在文章中所运用的具有褒贬含义的语言去判断作者的态度,如,wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
核心考点
试题【Over the years, Americans have become used to salt.Most people have no idea how 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Food has an impact on our physical and mental health. Have you ever heard any of the following advice?
Lettuce (莴苣) or milk can make you sleepy.
To stop feeling sleepy you should eat peanuts or dried fish.
Everyone has their own advice to give, which they have read about or have been told by older relatives. Some of these pieces of advice seem to contradict each other.
Eating chocolate makes you fat and gives you spots.
Chocolate contains the essential minerals: iron and magnesium (镁).
What we need to figure out is what type of chocolate to eat to get the benefits and how much of it to eat. We can do this by reading the list of ingredients (原料) on the chocolate bar package. Exactly how much real chocolate is in there? And how much of that do we need to eat to get the benefits of the minerals it contains?
Future restaurants might be named after the physical or mental state they hope to create. Their menus will list the benefits of each dish and drink. Some restaurants have already started this concept, and list the nutritional (营养的) content of their dishes on the menus.
Let’s take the restaurant “Winners” as an example. Their menu would list dishes specifically designed to help you win sports competitions. Or you could choose the Go-faster salad, which is a large bowl of mixed raw vegetables in a light salad dressing, giving you energy without making you gain weight. And what kind of dishes do you think would be on the menu at the “Clever Café”?
So what’s going to happen to hamburgers and biscuits? Will the concept of eating food, because it’s tasty, go out of fashion? Of course not! Junk food is also changing. If ice-cream is not good for children, can’t we give them fat-free, sugar-free tofu ice-cream? Unhealthy food is going out of fashion, so brands are changing. We are told not to drink cola because of the sugar and caffeine content so cola companies are making sugar-free and caffeine-free drinks. We are told dried fruit is a healthier snack than biscuits so some biscuit companies are making biscuits with added vitamins.
小题1:By saying “you become what you eat”, the writer means that ________.
A.you will become your own food |
B.you will know what food is good by its appearance |
C.food has an effect on your health |
D.you will know the effects of different types of food |
A.Oppose to | B.Help with |
C.Have influence on | D.Benefit from |
A.To eat chocolate containing the essential minerals. |
B.To read the list of ingredients on the package. |
C.To get advice from others before eating real chocolate. |
D.To learn how much chocolate we can consume before eating. |
A.The food in “Winners” can ensure you to win sports competitions. |
B.They might list the nutritional content of their dishes on the menus. |
C.Hamburgers will disappear in these restaurants. |
D.The Go-faster salad helps you go faster. |
A.the junk food companies are changing their brand names |
B.biscuit companies are making dried fruit |
C.junk food will become healthier than before |
D.Cola companies are still making cola |
Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.
With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you.
Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a feast (宴会), have a small, low-fat snack(小吃). This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.
Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.
Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.
Choose lean meat (瘦肉). Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.
If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate.
Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess (过多的) calories.
小题1:Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may______.
A.bring weight problems |
B.bring you much trouble in your life |
C.make you worried about your foods |
D.make you hate delicious foods |
A.drink much water and have vegetables only |
B.not eat much food in high fat |
C.not accept invitations to feasts |
D.turn away from delicious foods |
A.vegetables | B.water | C.calories of energy | D.physical exercise |
A.can’t control themselves |
B.go to too many feasts |
C.enjoy delicious foods |
D.can’t help turning away from the foods |
Doctors believe the boots, which are particularly popular among young teenage girls, are leading to a rise in the number of people suffering pains in their feet and knees.
Dr. Ian Drysdale,head of the British College of Osteopathic Medicine,believes because the foot does not get the proper support on the inside,it will lead to more ankle,knee,hip and back problems. “These boots are not designed for outside wear. Just because something becomes a trend or fashionable doesn’t mean it’s good or right,” he said, “The particular problem with this type of footwear is that it is unsupported. It’s a slipper. You wouldn’t normally expect to be doing outdoor activities from something that’s indoor. If you decide to wear your pajamas outside all. the time, someone will come up and say it’s not a good idea. ” Dr. Drysdale explained that the feet issues become a particular problem among young teenage girls,whose bones are “ plastic ” and developing when they are growing. “ If that structure is developing in an inappropriate way,” he said, “then the ultimate structure will be deformed ”
Mike 0,NeiU, a consultant surgeon, said, “As the foot slides around, you get wear and tear (磨损)on the joints on the inside of the foot The ankle is m the wrong position, the thigh bone also changes position, and you get an abnormal movement in the pelvis, which leads to back problems. ”
UGG AustraUa9 who makes the designer version of the boots, told The Daily Mirror that their boots are “comfort” rather than “performance” footwear and consumers should be aware of “knockoffs”(仿制品)which lack reinforced heels in their boots.
小题1:Teenage girls prefer to wear UGG boots because of the following except______
A.design | B.comfort | C.quality | D.warmth |
A.there is a possibility that bacteria will multiply in UGG boots |
B.wearing UGG boots will lead to more ankle and toe problems |
C.it’s not a good idea to wear boots like UGG outside all the time |
D.teenage girl’s bones are plastic enough to wear UGG boots |
A. shaped B_ strengthened C. reformed D. damaged
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Potential Harm of UGG Boots | B.The Popularity of UGG Boots |
C.The Unique Design of UGG Boots | D.Benefits of UGG Boots |
Green tea contains antioxidant chemicals (抗氧化物) that may help stop the cell damage that can lead to disease. Researchers have been studying green tea’s effect on everything from cholesterol (胆固醇) to the risk of certain cancers, with mixed results so far.
They found those who drank the most green tea were the least likely to develop “functional disability”, or problems with daily activities or basic needs, such as dressing or bathing.
Specifically, almost 13 percent of adults who drank less than a cup of green tea per day became functionally disabled, compared with just over 7 percent of people who drank at least five cups a day.
The study did not prove that green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older. Green-tea lovers generally had healthier diets, including more fish, vegetables and fruit, as well as more education, lower smoking rates, fewer heart attacks and strokes, and greater mental sharpness. They also tended to be more socially active and have more friends and family to rely on. But even with those factors accounted for, green tea itself was tied to a lower disability risk, the researchers said.
People who drank at least five cups a day were one-third less likely to develop disabilities than those who had less than a cup per day. Those people who averaged three or four cups a day had a 25 percent lower risk.
Although it’s not clear how green tea might offer a buffer (缓冲) against disability, Tomata’s team did note that one recent study found green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women.
While green tea and its extracts are considered safe in small amounts, they do contain caffeine and small amounts of vitamin K, which means it could affect drugs that prevent blood clotting (凝固).
小题1:What can be learned from the passage?
A.Antioxidant chemicals can lead to disease. |
B.Those who often drank green tea can’t develop “functional disability”. |
C.“Functional disability” is related to problems with daily activities or basic needs. |
D.People who drank at least five cups a day are not likely to become functionally disabled. |
A.How the study was proved. | B.Why green tea-lovers can keep agile. |
C.What healthier diets include. | D.How to lower disability risk. |
A.Those who drank green tea can"t develop “functional disability”. |
B.Green tea alone kept people agile as they grew older. |
C.How green tea might offer a buffer against disability. |
D.Green tea extracts (提取物) seem to increase leg muscle strength in older women. |
Eye experts say that you are short-sighted if your vision is blurred(模糊的) beyond 2m. It is often caused by an elongation(拉伸) of the eyeball that happens when people are young. According to the research, the problem is being caused by a combination of factors - a commitment to education and lack of outdoor light.
Professor Morgan who led this study argues that many children in South East Asia spend long hours studying at school and doing their homework. This in itself puts pressure on the eyes, but exposure to between two and three hours of daylight helps maintain healthy eyes.
Cultural factors also seem to play a part. Across many parts of South East Asia, children often have a lunchtime nap. According to Professor Morgan they are missing out on natural light to prevent short-sightedness.
A big concern is the numbers of the students suffering from “high” myopia. One in five of these students could experience severe visual impairment(障碍) and even blindness. These people are at considerable risk—sometimes people are not told about it and are just given more powerful glasses—they need to be warned about the risk and given some self-testing measures so they can get to an ophthalmologist and get some help.
For decades, researchers believed there was a strong genetic component to the condition. But this study strongly suggests an alternative view. “Any type of simple genetic explanation just doesn’t fit with that speed of change; gene pools just don’t change in two generations. Whether it’s a purely environmental effect or an environmental effect playing a sensitive genome, it really doesn’t matter, the thing that’s changed is not the gene pool---it’s the environment.”
小题1:As is mentioned above, which factor mainly results in students’ myopia in South East Asia?
A.Genetic faults of the people. | B.Elongation of the eyeball. |
C.The shortage of outdoor light. | D.Lack of research into the problem. |
A.A lunchtime nap is helpful in reducing myopia. |
B.Glasses keep myopia from getting even worse. |
C.It’s necessary to treat myopia with an operation. |
D.It’s of vital importance to reduce educational pressure. |
A.Gene remains the main cause of the long-standing problem. |
B.The environment is to blame for the extraordinary rise in myopia. |
C.Short-sightedness has nothing to do with changes in gene pools. |
D.An environmental effect playing a sensitive genome counts. |
A.Equip the classroom with better lights. |
B.Look at the sun from time to time. |
C.Do eyes exercise regularly. |
D.Spend more time in the open air. |
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