and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our
intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born
with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his
intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person"s intelligence
are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now
held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood
relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated
people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different.
If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations
like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that
intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one,
for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find
differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays.
This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but
who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.
B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.
C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.
D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.
B. close relations usually have similar intelligence
C. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence
D. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence
B. have different intelligence
C. go to the same university
D. go to the same factory
B. What Intelligence Means
C. We Are Born with Intelligence
D. Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence
How to improve my life? Many people think that they have to accept whatever life throws at them. They"ll
say, "This is my fate, my destiny. I cannot change it."
Of course not! You don"t have to suffer needlessly. Your destiny depends on you, not on any other external
factors.
I know someone who says she just accepts what life gives her because she has done everything she can to
improve it. Guess what her lifestyle is? She wakes up in the morning, goes to work, comes back home, relaxes, chats with people, watches TV, then goes to sleep. Next day, the same routine cycle follows.
Huh! Is this what she calls "doing her best"? She believes she has tried her best and just accepts it in her
heart that this is the life that God has intended for her to live; that her luck can only change if God wills it. Of
course God wants us to be happy and live our life to the fullest, but we have to do our share of exerting (运用)
the effort to live the life of our dreams.
Remember that you reap what you sow. You just don"t sit around and wait for a million dollars to fall from
the sky. You have to get off the couch, get your eyes off the TV screen, get your hands off the phone. Don"t
expect your luck to change unless you do something about it. If something goes wrong, don"t just regard it as
a temporary setback; but use it as feedback. Learn your lesson, make the most of the situation, and do
something to solve the problem. It"s not enough to think positively; you also have to act positively.
If someone"s life is in the trouble, do you just hope and pray that things will turn out fine? Of course not!
You get to do anything you can to save the person. So it is with your own life. It is not enough to hope for the
best, but you have to do your best. In other words, don"t just stand (or sit ) there, do something to improve
your life.
B. couldn"t be improved
C. will be better some day
D. Will be worse in the future
B. satisfying
C. colorful
D. passive
B. Your luck can be changed by your efforts
C. You can only achieve success when God wills it.
D. You should treat yourself in the way you treat friends.
B. positive thinking
C. hope for the best
D. intention to succeed
B. improve your life
C. believe in yourself
D. change your normal way
creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work
in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us
encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to
capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply
share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then
criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow
calls"free writing." In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20
minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin
to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you"ve persuaded
to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually
have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available
time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until
you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
the writing process, he means _____.
B. they cannot be regarded as equally important
C. they are in constant conflict with each other
D. no one can be both creative and critical
B. ignoring grammatical soundness
C. attempting to edit as they write
D. trying to capture fleeting thoughts
B. To get one"s ideas down.
C. To choose an appropriate topic.
D. To collect raw materials.
B. it does not help them to think clearly
C. it may bring about too much criticism
D. it takes too much time to edit afterwards
B. It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C. It saves the writing time available to him.
D. It improves his writing into better shape.
privacy breakings related to its Buzz socials networking program.
In the settlement, Google agreed to pay $ 8.5 million into a fund (基金)for privacy education the company
made clear that the agreement did not include cash payments to users.
Buzz, started last February as an application within Gmail, in some cases exposed the lists of persons
touched and other data of users to other Gmail users.
How did the company warn users that they were included in the settlement? By Gmail of course.
"Google rarely inform Gmail users via email, but this time we let you know that we"ve reached a settlement
regarding Google Buzz," the firm said in messages sent to its U. S. users. Some analysts think the company
has 170 million Gmail users worldwide.
"The settlement acknowledges that we quickly changed the service to address users"concerns," Google
wrote.
Google said that everyone in the United States who uses Gmail was included in the settlement unless they
decide to take no party before December 6, 2010. On January 31, 2011 the U. S. distriet Court for the
Northem District of California in San Jose will hold a fairness hearing on the settlement.
Google is under increasing pressure from federal regulators (监管者) for privacy problem involving Buzz
and its Street View mapping service. Last week, the FTC closed its looking into Google"s collection of
Wi - Fi data with Street View mapping cars, saying the company had made sufficient promises to get rid of
data it collected and strengthen its privacy training among employees.
B. Gmail
C. Google
D. Street View
B. Pay cash to its users.
C. Hold a fairness hearing.
D. Stop collecting its users" data.
B. Google users are all affected by the settlement
C. Google often sent a message to its users throughout the world
D. Googles" Street View mapping service is questioned by federal regulators
根据短文内容，从下框的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。
B. A write with enduring popularity
C. Well-received creation to encourage Brits
D. The insight into human nature
E. Writing styles in different stages
F. The story appreciate for school students
Charles Dickens is often thought of as one of England"s great writers. Yet for many his language is
old-fashioned and his story plots often improbable. Why, Dickens, out of so many other great English
writers, has made the list? How then to explain Dickens"s enduring popularity?
2. （ ）
One reason undoubtly is the British government"s insistence that every child studies a Dickens novel at
school. Alongside Willian Shakespeare, Charles Dickens is a compulsory (必读的) writer on every English
literature school reading list. His stories, though often over-long by today"s standard,are superbly written
moral tales. They are filled with colorful characters.
3. （ ）
But what makes his books stand out from other English writers is his insight into human nature. Dickens,
like Shakespeare, tells us truths about human behavior that are as true to citizens of the 21st century as they
were to his readers in the 19th century. Readers have returned to Dickens"s books again and again over the
years to see what he has to say about readers"own time.
4. （ ）
The BBC adapted one of his less well-known novels, Little Dorrit, into a popular television drama that
introduced many Brits to the novel for the first time. A dark story about greed and money, it was the perfect
story to illustrate the bad times. No surprise then that it was Dickens Britons turned to, during the economic
crisis last year, to make sense of world rapidly falling apart.
5. （ ）
Readers of the 19th and early 20th century usually prized Dickens"s earlier novels for their humor and
pathos (悲痛). While recognizing the virtues of these books, critics today tend to rank more highly the later
works because of their formal coherence and acute perception (洞察力) of the human condition. For as long
as Dickens"s novels have something to say to modern audiences, it seems likely that he will remain one of
Britain"s best loved writers.
Have you noticed that lots of women expect men to be their heroes? It"s a(n) 1 turn on, as we see in the
movies, for a man to come to the aid of a woman.
2 , a male hero in the movies may verbally slam someone to 3 a woman"s honor. Or, he may sword fight
another man for her affection. In real life, men may attempt 4 things as well. After a time, though, men can
get tired. They"re only human beings.
By the time a man is 40 or 50, he"s done a lot of psychological battling for work issues, political issues and
5 concerns.
It"s refreshing for a(n) 6 woman to maturely step up and assist a man who"s overly 7 . It"s great when
a woman is not too needy herself.
Women need empowerment in the right ways to develop 8 strength, though.
When men give women respect and 9 , it helps arm women with the right tools.
"My wife doesn"t dump all her problems on me," says a doctor we"ll call John."She"s so efficient and strong, I 10 her as my hero."
John has always encouraged his wife to take classes, succeed in her job role and serve on government
committees in their large city.
"I know men who try to hold their wives 11 ," says John."It"s shocking how some men treat their wives
in 12 "
A psychologist we"ll call Anthony says men who feel bad about themselves will 13 women.
"A man tends to see his girlfriend or wife as an extension of himself," says Anthony,"so God help her if
things are going badly for him."
Now that the economy is shaky, says Anthony, domestic 14 is over the top.
"I saw a banker in my office last week who"d hit his wife with a living room lamp," Anthony told us."His
wife didn"t file charges. He just voluntarily showed up at my office and begged to see me."
Throughout life, some men tend to make their wives and girlfriends 15 themselves and crouch low. They
don"t want these women to feel independent or strong.