完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Fire can 36 many things. It is dangerous to everyone, but it is 37 useful. We cannot live without 38.In other words, fire is both the 39 and enemy of us. This 40 on whether we use it wisely or not.
To the people 41 live in the forest area, fire is particularly dangerous. It is the location 42 most of their houses are made of wood, which 43 catches fire. Especially in winter the air is 44 and the wind is often 45 .If one of these houses is on fire, the wind will 46 the fire to the neighboring houses quickly, and the fire will soon 47 all over the area. If this happens 48 , it may not be too bad. 49 if it happens at night, the situation will be very bad, for most people are 50 ,and many of them can not run away in time. If they can, they will just 51 all the things behind. Some people even do not know 52 is going on, and they 53 in their dreams.
We should do our best to 54 the breakout of fire, which is mostly caused by people’s carelessness. Therefore, not only the people of the 55 areas but everyone else should be very careful in using fire.
| 小题1: | | A．make | B．build | C．lose | D．destroy |
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| 小题4: | | A．help | B．friend | C．companion | D．neighbor |
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| 小题5: | | A．happens | B．lies | C．depends | D．decides |
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| 小题6: | | A．where | B．which | C．what | D．who |
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| 小题8: | | A．easily | B．hardly | C．carefully | D．friendly |
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| 小题10: | | A．cold | B．freezing | C．gentle | D．strong |
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| 小题12: | | A．cross | B．pass | C．happen | D．spread |
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| 小题13: | | A．at night | B．on Sunday | C．in the evening | D．in the day time |
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| 小题15: | | A．careless | B．sleeping | C．afraid | D．frightened |
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| 小题16: | | A．leave | B．take | C．bring | D．have |
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| 小题18: | | A．think | B．smile | C．die | D．live |
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| 小题19: | | A．help | B．prevent | C．develop | D．keep |
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| 小题20: | | A．city | B．developing | C．factory | D．forest |
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小题1:D小题1:A小题1:D小题1:B小题1:C
小题1:D小题1:A小题1:A小题1:D小题1:D
小题1:C小题1:D小题1:D小题1:A小题1:B
小题1:A小题1:B小题1:C小题1:B小题1:D |
| 略 |
核心考点
试题【完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。Fire can 36 many 】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigation, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further; he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There’s no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one tim e must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证) must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the Theory of Relativity, arrived at the theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正确性) of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein’s ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many to ols for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算) that may test his investigations
小题1: What makes a scientist according to the passage?| A．The tools he uses. | B．His ways of learning | | C．The way he uses his tools | D．The various tools he uses |
小题2: “…knowing how to investigation, how to discover information, is important to everyone.”
The writer says this to show ___________.| A．the importance of information | | B．the difference between scientists and ordinary people. | | C．the importance of thinking | | D．the difference between carpenters and ordinary people |
小题3: A sound scientific theory should be one that _________.| A．works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times | | B．doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions | | C．Can be used many times under different conditions | | D．Can be used for many purposes |
小题4:What is the main idea of the passage?| A．Scientists are different from ordinary people. | | B．The Theory of Relativity. | | C．Exactness is the core (核心) of science. | | D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist. |
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For much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主义) is largely a matter of economics: Meat costs a lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. Even where meat is more plentiful, it’s still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center stage.
In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. Parental preferences(父母亲的偏爱), religious or other beliefs, and health problems are among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. Many people choose a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. And lots of people have more than one reason for choosing vegetarianism.
Different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. A true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. A lactoovo(乳制品) vegetarian eats dairy products and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. It follows, then, that a lacto(乳，乳汁) vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo （蛋，鸡蛋） vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products.
A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除) from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. Some macrobiotic (养生的) diets fall into the vegan category. Macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined（经过提炼的） and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物).
Following a macrobiotic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (营养不足)  in some people. Teens need to be sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium (钙). If you’re interested in following a vegan or macrobiotic diet it’s a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian（营养学家）. He or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients.
小题1:The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means ______.| A．there is usually a note beside the meat in a meal | | B．meat often attracts people’s attention in a meal | | C．meat is served only a small amount in a meal | | D．meat should play an important part in a meal |
小题2:Which of the following is NOT the reason for Americans being vegetarians?| A．They are environmentally friendly. | | B．They are concerned about the rights of animals. | | C．They worry about their own health. | | D．They can’t afford to buy meat. |
小题3: A vegan diet will include ______.| A．neither animal products nor diary products | | B．diary products but no eggs | | C．animal products like honey | | D．processed food |
小题4: According to the passage, the author would probably think that ______. | A．all the people should become vegetarians | | B．teens should be careful to be vegetarians | | C．vegetarianism is not a good thing for the world | D．vegetarianism can m ake a country develop faster |
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Most of us use the telephone several times a day to talk with friends or make social arrangements(安排). These calls are usually quite easy and require little planning.
Using the telephone for business purpose is different. In any organization the person on the telephone represents the company and gives an impression of the firm to the outside world.
If you want to ensure good public relations, you need to master effective telephone techniques.
You should try to give an impression of an efficient, friendly, progressive company eager to give good service.
Before calling
Choose the right time. Consider the cost, urgency and convenience. When calling overseas, you need to consider the time difference.
Check the number. A great deal of money is wasted each year on dialing wrong numbers.
Plan your call. Make a list of points and questions to be raised.
Be prepared. Gather any files, papers or information that may be needed during the call. It is unprofessional to have to say “Hold on while I look for that.”
If y ou have to ask a caller to hold on, keep going back and assuring him/her that you will be as quick as possible.
Avoid interruptions. Call at a time when you are unlikely to be distracted(分心).
During the call
Be courteous, polite. Make time for suitable greetings like “How are you today, Jim?” and “Did you enjoy your holiday”?
Put a smile in your voice. Remember, your caller can not see you, so use intonation to good effect and try to sound confident, decisive, helpful, and interested.
Check your notes. Look back at your notes to ensure that you have covered everything and quote figures and other data correctly.
Get feedback. Make sure the caller understands the message correctly, especially deadlines and actions that are involved.
Be courteous. Finish by thanking the caller for his or her time and trouble.
After the call
Make notes. Let it become a habit to make notes of the call and place them in an appropriate file.
Take actions. If you need to send a letter of confirmation or inform someone in your organization about any details of the call, do it immediately so that you do not forget important points.
小题1: Before calling, you have to _____.| A．stay at your company only | B．learn important data and figures by heart | | C．get things ready for the communication | D．choose the right time and place |
小题2: During the call, it is unsuitable to _____. | A．be decisive | B．be heard in low spirits | C．check your notes | D．get feedback |
小题3: What does the underlined word “courteous” in the passage mean?| A．Polite. | B．Active. | C．Effective. | D．Correct. |
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Unemployment will certainly be in double-digits next year--and may remain there for some time. And for every person who __1_ as unemployed in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ household survey, you can bet there’s another either too __2__ to look for work or working part time who’d rather have a full-time job or else taking home less pay than before. And there’s yet another person who’s more fearful that he or she will be the __3__ to lose a job.
__4__, 10 percent unemployment really means 20 percent underemployment or anxious employment, all of which translates __5__ into late payments on mortgages, credit cards, auto and student loans, and loss of health insurance. It also means sleeplessness for tens of millions of Americans, and, of course, __6__ purchases.
Unemployment of this magnitude and duration also translates into ugly __7__, because fear and anxiety are __8__ grounds for the political resentment against immigrants, blacks, the poor, government leaders, business leaders, Jews and other easy _9__. It’s already started. Next year is a mid-term election. Be prepared for worse.
So why is unemployment and underemployment so high? And why is it _10__ to remain high for some time? Because, as noted, people who are worried about their jobs or have no jobs, and who are also trying to _11__ from under a pil e of debt, are not going to do a lot of shopping. And businesses that don’t have customers aren’t going to do a lot of new _12__. And foreign nations also suffering high __13__ aren’t going to buy a lot of our goods and services. And without customers, companies won’t __14__. They’ll cut payrolls instead.
This brings us to the obvious question: Who’s going to buy the stuff we make or the services we provide, and therefore bring jobs back? There’s only one __15__ left: The government.
| 小题1: | | A．keeps to | B．sticks to | C．shows up | D．attaches |
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| 小题2: | | A．discouraged | B．timid | C．sure | D．upset |
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| 小题3: | | A．first | B．next | C．last | D．only |
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| 小题4: | | A．On the other hand | B．By contrast | C．As a whole | D．In other words |
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| 小题5: | | A．enormously | B．definitely | C．exactly | D．directly |
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| 小题6: | | A．fewer | B．more | C．better | D．worse |
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| 小题7: | | A．economics | B．trades | C．politics | D．industries |
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| 小题8: | | A．necessary | B．fertile | C．scarce | D．heated |
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| 小题9: | | A．opponents | B．targets | C．victims | D．potentials |
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| 小题10: | | A．due | B．able | C．equal | D．likely |
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| 小题11: | | A．get out | B．get around | C．get into | D．get off |
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| 小题12: | | A．programming | B．planning | C．investing | D．advertising |
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| 小题13: | | A．signature | B．unemployment | C．crisis | D．inefficiency |
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| 小题15: | | A．manufacturer | B．applicant | C．buyer | D．employer |
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Air pollution is damaging 60% of Europe’s prime wildlife sites in meadows, forests and bushes, according to a new report.
A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions(氮排放) from cars, factories and farming were threatening biodiversity. It’s the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats linked to nitrogen pollution.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert(惰性的) state, but the report says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a menace to the natural world.
Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts(排气), factories, artificial fertilizers(肥料) and animal waste from intensive farming. The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two ways: It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix of species. But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertilizer, it favors wild plants that can maximize the use of nitrogen to help them grow.
In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilize crops is carried in the atmosphere to fertilize weeds, possibly a great distance from where the chemicals were first applied.
The effects of fertilization and acidification favor common aggressive species like grasses, brambles and nettles. They harm more delicate species like mosses(苔藓), and insect-eating sundew plants.
The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of reactive nitrogen. The report’s lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England’s Peak District had a definitely low range of species as a result of the reactive nitrogen that fell on the area.
“Nitrogen creates a rather big problem that seems to me to have been given too little attention,” he said. “Governments are responsible for protecting areas like this, but they are clearly failing.”
He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for creatures from the changes in vegetation accidentally caused by emissions from cars, industry and farms.
At the conference, the representatives agreed “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen”. The document highlights the importance of reducing reactive nitrogen emissions to the environment, adding that the benefits of reducing nitrogen outweigh the costs of taking action.
小题1:The underlined word “menace” is used to express that the reactive nitrogen, largely produced by human activity can be ___________.| A．frightening | B．threatening | C．unique | D．unusual |
小题2: We can infer from the passage that _________.| A．it’s harmless to have reactive nitrogen existing in the atmosphere | | B．reactive nitrogen emissions help aggressive species less than crops | | C．the harm to those delicate species has a negative impact on biodiversity | | D．reactive nitrogen can fertilize soils and keep their biodiversity |
小题3: The team of EU scientists released the second report of nitrogen emissions this week when __________.| A．no action was taken to stop nitrogen emission | | B．governments were willing to protect areas harmed by nitrogen | | C．“The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen” was agreed | | D．nitrogen emissions were threatening wildlife sites’ biodiversity |
小题4: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?| A．Keeping Away From Nitrogen Emissions | B．Stopping Nitrogen Emissions | | C．Air Pollution Damaging Europe’s Wildlife | D．Saving Europe’s Wildlife |
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