题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions(氮排放) from cars, factories and farming were threatening biodiversity. It’s the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats linked to nitrogen pollution.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert(惰性的) state, but the report says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a menace to the natural world.
Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts(排气), factories, artificial fertilizers(肥料) and animal waste from intensive farming. The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two ways: It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix of species. But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertilizer, it favors wild plants that can maximize the use of nitrogen to help them grow.
In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilize crops is carried in the atmosphere to fertilize weeds, possibly a great distance from where the chemicals were first applied.
The effects of fertilization and acidification favor common aggressive species like grasses, brambles and nettles. They harm more delicate species like mosses(苔藓), and insect-eating sundew plants.
The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of reactive nitrogen. The report’s lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England’s Peak District had a definitely low range of species as a result of the reactive nitrogen that fell on the area.
“Nitrogen creates a rather big problem that seems to me to have been given too little attention,” he said. “Governments are responsible for protecting areas like this, but they are clearly failing.”
He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for creatures from the changes in vegetation accidentally caused by emissions from cars, industry and farms.
At the conference, the representatives agreed “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen”. The document highlights the importance of reducing reactive nitrogen emissions to the environment, adding that the benefits of reducing nitrogen outweigh the costs of taking action.
小题1:The underlined word “menace” is used to express that the reactive nitrogen, largely produced by human activity can be ___________.
| A．frightening | B．threatening | C．unique | D．unusual |
| A．it’s harmless to have reactive nitrogen existing in the atmosphere |
| B．reactive nitrogen emissions help aggressive species less than crops |
| C．the harm to those delicate species has a negative impact on biodiversity |
| D．reactive nitrogen can fertilize soils and keep their biodiversity |
| A．no action was taken to stop nitrogen emission |
| B．governments were willing to protect areas harmed by nitrogen |
| C．“The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen” was agreed |
| D．nitrogen emissions were threatening wildlife sites’ biodiversity |
| A．Keeping Away From Nitrogen Emissions | B．Stopping Nitrogen Emissions |
| C．Air Pollution Damaging Europe’s Wildlife | D．Saving Europe’s Wildlife |
答案
解析
核心考点
试题【Air pollution is damaging 60% of Europe’s prime wildlife sites in meadows, fores】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
M Act, which will be voted on in Congress (国会).The DREAM Act is a/an 41 aid program for the young illegal immigrants who entered the U.S. before they were 16. Those who apply for this program can get 42 and temporary residing (居住) status, which can be changed, once 43 , to a green card after six years. These immigrants can then use their newly acquired status to seek green cards
for their 44 . In this way, it can also provide citizenship for the illegal foreigners who brought their children to the US. “I don’t l
ive in fear of being driven out of this 45 ,” says Juan, a high school junior born in Mexico. “I live a normal life here 46 that now everyone is getting their driver’s license, and I can’t.” Juan came to the U.S. with his mother and older brother at eight. He is hoping for the DREAM Act to be 47 . While he admits that there is no obvious prejudice in high school, Juan 48 faces unfair racial treatment.
“It 49 me when people joke around and ask me for my green card,” Juan explains. “I 50 , but deep down I know they are offending me for 51 I have no control over. I was born in Mexico, but my 52 is here.”
His brother now attends a community (社区) college and plans to enter a univers
ity. Juan hopes to take a 53 path. “For long, I have no 54 that I can go to university” Juan says. “I know it’s going to be hard, but as long as I stay in this country, I have a/an 55 .” | 小题1: |
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Kid of the Year Photo Competition
Enter your kid’s photo today and win! We’re giving away 52 weekly $250 prizes from Readers’ Choice votes. PLUS our editors will select one entry to win our grand prize of $7,000.
Official Competition Rules
No purchase necessary to enter or win.
The Kid of the Year Photo Competition entry period begins at 12:00 a.m.
January 23, 2011, and ends January 21, 2012 (“Entry Period”). Entries must arrive by 9:00 p.m.
on January 21, 2012 (“Entry Deadline”). Entries will not be acknowledged or returned.
SPONSOR(赞助商): Meredith Corporation, 1716 Locust Street, Des Moines, Iowa.
ENTRY: There will be two methods of entry.
Share My Entry:
Visit http://www.parents.com/photos/photo-contests-1/kid-of-the-year/ and click the button to enter.
Facebook Entry:
Visit http://Facebook.com/ParentsMagazine and click the Kid of 2011 tab(选项卡).
Then complete the registration form and follow the instructions to upload one album of up to six photos
of your child aged three months to eight years. You may provide one description and one album title that will
be applied to all photos. Photos, without any brand names or trademarks, must be taken by participants,
non-professional, unpublished and may not have won any prize or award. Photos must be .jpeg or .bmp image
formats (格式) and cannot be over 3 MB
This promotion is in no way sponsored, supported or run by, or associated with Facebook. You are
providing your information to Parents Magazine and not to Facebook. The information you provide will
only be used to run the promotion and register for Parents.com.
LIMIT: One entry per family, per child, per week. One weekly prize per child. For entries of more
than one child in a family, the entry process must be completed separately for each child. No group entries.
小题1:We can learn from the passage that _________.
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nd an album title for the kid’s photos
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The letters , sent to a late Baptist clergyman (牧师), were 2 put in a sealed plastic shopping bag near a 3 in Atlantic, New Jersey.
Bill Lacovara, an insurance adjuster from Ventnor, New Jersey, said he got the bag while on a fishing trip last week.
The letters were 4 to the clergyman, who died in 2004. Someone cleaning his house may have 5 the bag, which Lacovara found about 100 miles (160km) from Cooper’s house.
They include one from a teenage girl asking God to 6 her for her wrongdoing, one from a prisoner who said he was 7 and someone had set a trap for him, and 8 from a man who wanted God’s help winning the lottery, according to media reports.
Lavovara said he could have 9 them on eBay for up to $15,000(7,889 pounds) according to his prediction of the compete price and would have given the money to charity. But he has changed his mind because he said the move caused 10 to some religious people.
“They said they were 11 in me, and I didn’t want to do something that’s going to create 12 results.” he told Reuters.
Some 13 him to burn the letters, throw them back in the ocean or give them to a church, Lacovara said.
Lacovara said about a dozen clergymen have offered to take the letters, and he is evaluating the 14 to make sure the letters don’t fall into the 15 hands.
1. A. donate B. show C. sell D. owe
2. A. hurriedly B. privately C. mysteriously D. occasionally
3. A. river B. lake C. hill D. beach
4. A. taken B. offered C. addressed D. given
5. A. collected B. thrown C. opened D. destroyed
6. A. forgive B. punish C. adjust D. charge
7. A. friendly B. correct C. innocent D. energetic
8. A. others B. another C. the other D. one
9. A. auctioned B. bought C. donated D. discounted
10. A. damage B. offence C. injury D. worry
11. A. absorbed B. involved C. interested D. disappointed
12. A. final B. direct C. same D. bad
13. A. forced B. urged C. questioned D. pleased
14. A. requests B. orders C. commands D. invitations
15. A. wrong B. poor C. tight D. firm
Soon you will be leaving the company of those who think they have all the answers –your professors, instructors and counselors-and going out into what we like to call the real world. In time you will meet up with other people who think they have all the answers. These people are called bosses. My advice is: humor them.
A little later you’ll meet additional people who think they have all the answers.
These are called spouses (配偶) . My advice is: humor them, too.
And of all goes well, in a few years you will meet still another group of people who think they have all the answers. These are called children. Humor them.
Life will go on, your children will grow up, go to school and someday they could be taking part in a graduation ceremony just like this one. And who knows, the speakers responsible for handing out good advice might be you. Halfway through your speech, the graduate sitting next to your daughter will lean over and ask, “Who is that woman up there who thinks she has all the answers?”
Well, thanks to the reasonable advice you are hearing today and that I hope you will all pass on, she will be able to say, “That is my mother. Humor her.”
小题1:According to the text, at a graduation ceremony you’ll most probably hear ________ given by the speaker.
| A．wishes | B．proposals |
| C．warnings | D．instructions |
| A．teaching staff | B．company staff members |
| C．recreational and sports person | D．family members |
| A．know a great deal about something through man’s life |
| B．know all the keys to any test before any graduation |
| C．be clever enough to do anything well in school |
| D．be experienced in giving advice on any subject |
| A．Argue with them to keep them angry |
| B．Keep them happy by accepting their wishes |
| C．Refuse them to make them complain |
| D．Turn deaf ears to them |
| A．The Requirement Of Speakers | B．How to Offer Advice |
| C．Humour them! | D．To Hell with them! |
A brake on global warming—for now
One of the oceans’ most important climate functions is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide(CO2), one of the gases that causes global warming. Acting as something absorbing heat, the oceans have absorbed huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years.
Fujita explains, “the oceans are saving us from faster climate change—they are putting a brake on the climate system.”
“That’s the good news,” he adds. “The bad news is that the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming. Once the oceans come to balance with a greenhouse-gas warmed earth, the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much hotter.” But where and how the oceans release this slowly increased heat is uncertain. And as the ocean stores heat, fragile(脆弱的) underwater ecosystems are struggling.
The most recent scientific report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) also notes with concern that the ocean is acidifying(酸化) because of increased absorption of atmospheric CO2. and thus causing a threat to shell-forming species. Sharp increase in CO2 levels will cause further acidification of the ocean.
Currents distributing heat
Another important role the oceans play is that of distributor(散布者). Oceans deliver heat and life-sustaining nutrition around the globe. Just as blood tube bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body, the ocean’s currents carry oxygen, nutrients and heat throughout the Earth. The ocean distributes 25 to 50 per cent of energy the planet receives from the sun. For example, the Gulf Stream carries heat across the Atlantic. This warm current gives northwestern European a milder climate that it would normally have so far north. A change to the ocean’s circulation patterns could throw Europe into a colder period, even as the rest of the world is experiencing warmer temperatures.
小题1: We can infer from the passage that _______.
| A．the oceans cause global warming | B．the oceans stop global warming |
| C．the oceans release nutrients and heat | D．the ocean ecosystems face more dangers |
- produce oxygen andnutrients around
- absorb 25-50% ofthe energy from the sun
- distribute theatmosphere hotter
小题3: Which of the following are the results of the ocean absorbing heat and CO2?
a. It causes further acidification.
b. It makes the atmosphere hotter.
c. It balances the oceans with a green-house gas.
d. It affects shell-forming species.
e. It makes the oceans act as a heat sponge.
f. It controls the Earth’s climate.
| A．a-c-f | B．a-d-f | C．b-d-e | D．b-c-e |
| A．Asia would suffer a hotter climate. |
| B．Europe would become hotter |
| C．the rest of the world would become warmer. |
| D．the climate of Europe would become colder. |
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