题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
When they are back home again, one family member admits that she hasn’t enjoyed herself all that much. One by one they all confess that they would rather have stayed at home. “I only went along with it because I thought the rest of you wanted to go,” says everyone. No one wanted to go to Abilene. It had just happened.
This story was first told by Professor Jerry Harvey in an article published in 1974 called The Abilene Paradox (悖论) and other meditations on management. It offers a wonderful insight into the way that decisions can sometimes just emerge, without ever being consciously “made”.
Whether they mean to or not, groups exert a pressure to conform (顺从). A senior management team can find itself a long way down the track to a bad decision without realizing that the idea has very little support around the table.
Close-knit (组织严密的) teams are easily influenced by the pull of groupthink. The late Professor Janis suggested several ways in which teams can avoid it. Two key steps are to invite experts from outside into meetings, and to appoint at least one person to the role of “devil’s advocate” — a role that should be played by different people in different meetings.
小题1:The four family members have decided to go on a four-hour round-trip to the town of Abilene because _______.
A.they really like the restaurant they are going to |
B.they are tired of the game they have been playing |
C.they have not been to Abilene for a long time |
D.everyone thinks all the other family members want to go |
A.they have not really trusted each other |
B.they have all enjoyed the trip except one family member |
C.they would have had a better time if they had stayed at home |
D.they have all had a good time although none of them wanted to go |
A.the idea has the support of everyone around the table |
B.everyone on the team is too tired to think clearly |
C.the group puts a pressure to conform |
D.they understand what each member means |
A.the pull of groupthink can be avoided |
B.each member will play a different role |
C.team members can agree with each other more easily |
D.experts from the outside can be invited into meetings |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
试题分析:文章通过对一家人为了替别人着想而进行了一次不愉快的旅行的描述,说明集体的决定对个人产生的影响。
小题1:细节题,由第二段I only went along with it because I thought the rest of you wanted to go,” says everyone.可知选D。
小题2:细节题,由第二段One by one they all confess that they would rather have stayed at home.可知他们在家会更好。故选C。
小题3:细节题,由第四段Whether they mean to or not, groups exert a pressure to conform (顺从).可知团队的压力会使他们服从,故选C。
小题4:细节题,由最后一段The late Professor Janis suggested several ways in which teams can avoid it. ...appoint at least one person to the role of “devil’s advocate” — a role that should be played by different people in different meetings.可知选A。
点评:这是一篇说明文,主要考查细节问题,考生首先通读全文了解大意,然后根据提问理解细节,选出正确的选项。
核心考点
试题【So there are four of them in this car heading north from Coleman in the heart of】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The temperature of your body should be always just the same, no matter whether the weather is hot or cold. That is why the doctor uses his thermometer (温度计)when your are sick.
The body keeps the same temperature all the time ,because it balances the heat it produces and it gives off. It is always burning up food and , producing heat. It can produce heat faster when it needs to give off heat than when it becomes too warm. Let’s see how this happen.
The heat of your body is given off mainly through the skin. When you are cold, your skin is tight and shows “good flesh”. When you get chilly, you must dance around to keep warm or else you will shiver. Then your muscles begin to work, burn up fuel, and produce more heat. It is not pleasant to shiver, so you usually prefer to warm up by exercise, or put on more clothes to keep heat in.
When you are warm, the skin is loose and soft. It is so supplied with blood that heat is given off rapidly. If you get too warm, you begin to sweat ,and more body heat is used in evaporating the moisture(水蒸气) from your skin. You wear less clothing, too, in warm weather or warm room, so that warm can be given off freely. You feel less like exercising because your body is warm already, and the extra heat produced by exercise makes you uncomfortable.
You can see from the way you feel differently in different kinds of weather. In summer, when it is warm, you feel tired and lazy. You do not care to work or play, but enjoy lying and doing nothing. When you get out of doors in winter, the cold air makes you feel lively. You want to play.
小题1:Which is another title suitable of the passage?
A.The Patients’ Temperature |
B.The Body Temperature Should Always Be the Same |
C.The Body Temperature |
D.The Temperature and Your Skin |
A.It is always producing heat from food. |
B.It gives off the heat produced in it. |
C.It balances the heat it gets and loses. |
D.It stops producing heat when necessary. |
A.His skin becomes tight in order to keep warm. |
B.He does exercises to make his muscle produce more heat. |
C.He puts on more clothes to keep heat in. |
D.He keeps shivering to produce more heat. |
A.work | B.play | C.do exercise | D.relax and do nothing |
If you go to sleep on your back, you are a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don"t like to upset people, so you never express your real feeling. You are quiet, shy and you aren’t very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you are always easily upset. You"re very stubborn(顽固的), but you aren’t very ambitious(有野心的). You usually live for today, not tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled(卷曲) up, you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself, so you are often defensive. You are shy and you don"t normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You are easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced(通情达理的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You are usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious, but you don"t often get depressed(沮丧的). You always say what you think even if it annoys people.
小题1:What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Two personalities. |
B.Proper sleeping positions. |
C.Sleeping positions and personalities. |
D.Ways to tell your real personalities. |
A.you are awake |
B.you are asleep |
C.you can"t control your behaviour |
D.you change your sleeping position |
A.Well-balanced. | B.Careful. |
C.Selfish. | D.Anxious sometimes. |
A.on your back | B.curled up |
C.on your stomach | D.on your side |
Around 2 pm every Thanksgiving Day, family members seat themselves around the kitchen table. Plates of turkey, vegetables, salad, rolls and pies cover it. At this point, we can hardly keep ourselves from drooling (流口水) all over our fancy clothes, but it’s not yet time to eat.
First, we must bow our heads, close our eyes and say a prayer of thanks aloud to God for giving us everything we have. Under normal circumstances, I would have no problem making a list of things I am thankful for. I grew up in a loving family. My parents, who aren’t wealthy, took out loans to help me pay for university.
But, the funny thing is, every time I sit down for Thanksgiving dinner and try to say a prayer of thanks, my mind usually goes blank. I think it has something to do with my growling (咕咕叫) stomach and all of that food sitting right there under my nose.
Eventually, though, we all finish our short prayers and dig in. To be sure, the day includes other highlights – visiting with family and watching football. But usually around 6 pm we are all ourselves stuffed like turkeys and thankful to have a nice warm bed to sleep in.
小题1:The purpose of the text is to ________.
A.tell what the family do for Thanksgiving Day |
B.tell how the family spends Thanksgiving Day |
C.introduce foods served on Thanksgiving Day |
D.introduce the American Thanksgiving Day |
A.watching a movie | B.making visits |
C.having a big meal | D.watching football |
A.He is too thankful to say a word. | B.His mind is on the food before him. |
C.He feels too excited to speak. | D.He is shy to speak in public. |
A.chat with others | B.make a hole |
C.mix things up | D.start eating |
The sellers put a paid announcement in a local newspaper.It tells, when and where the yard sale will take place.These sales are very popular during weekends in spring, summer, and autumn.Early in the morning, all the things to be sold are carried out of the house.Then they sit all day in the sunlight—like tired guests at a party—waiting for someone to take them home.
Just about anything can be sold at a yard sale.Sometimes, there are more clothes than anything else.Cooking equipment is also popular.So are old toys, tools, books, tables and chairs.
Then there are objects called "white elephants".A white elephant is something you think is extremely ugly or useless.It may be an electric light shaped like a fish.You feel a sharp pain whenever you look at it.To someone else, however, it might be a thing of beauty and joy.
Some people go to yard sales to find a special thing that they collect.It may be old toy trains, for example, or paintings of dogs.Experts say more Americans are collecting old things now than ever before.Most people who go to yard sales, however, are not looking for anything special.They might buy an object simply because it costs so little. They enjoy negotiating(谈判)over prices, even if they really do not need the object.Later, they may hold their own yard to sell all the things they have bought.
小题1:What kind of things will go to a yard sale?
A.Things people no longer use. | B.Things of great, value. |
C.Things out of season. | D.Things of beauty and joy. |
A.that can cause a feeling of pain |
B.disliked by the owners while appreciated by others |
C.that looks like a golden fish |
D.sold at the lowest prices in the old newspaper |
A.It is held outdoors. | B.It may not be held on a cold day. |
C.It can last for a whole day. | D.It is usually held with a party. |
Information for New Students
CLASS TIME: 8:30a.m.—10:00a.m., 10:30a.m.—12:00a.m., 1:30p.m.—3:00p.m..
The Language Center is open Monday to Friday. Each class has one afternoon free per week. On the first day, go to the lecture hall to check your timetable.
SELF-ACCESS: The language laboratory (Room 1110) is open Monday to Friday from 3:15p.m. to 5:00p.m. for all full-time students.
You can learn how to use computers for language games or word-processing(文字处理). There are tapes for students to borrow to practice their English. Go in and ask the teacher to show you. If you plan to take public examinations, there are dictation and listening comprehension tapes for you to practice with. There are cloze exercises on the computers. Ask your class teacher for a list of past exam essays. Students can borrow tapes to take home but they must be returned after two days.
ATTENDANCE(出勤):All students are expected to attend classes as it is required. Students who do not attend classes will be reported to OSS. Eighty percent attendance is required for students to receive their certificates(证书)when they finish their courses. It is also required by OSS for an extension to your visa.
BOOKS: If students are given course books, the books are their responsibility. If a book is lost, the student will be expected to pay for it.
If students wish to buy books, there is a bookshop in the college specializing in English books (Room 3520).
小题1:When do classes begin and end on a full day?
A.8:30a.m.—1:30p.m.. | B.8:30a.m.—3:00p.m.. |
C.8:30a.m.—3:15p.m.. | D.3:15p.m.—5:00p.m.. |
A.No teachers are in the language lab. |
B.90% attendance is required for the students. |
C.Books can’t be taken out of the center. |
D.Students can prepare for exams by listening to tapes. |
A.the lecture hall | B.Room 3520 | C.the classroom | D.Room 1110 |
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