题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious(勤勤恳恳的) way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable or unwilling—to “play the game”.
“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative(工于心计的) behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University, “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying(游说)and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behaviors used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some forms of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,” says Neil P.Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’ s simple human nature.”
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery(奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering(改变) this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
小题1:“Office politics” (Line 2,Para.4) is used in the passage to refer to____.
A.the political views and beliefs of office workers |
B.the interpersonal relationships within a company |
C.the various qualities required for a successful career |
D.the code of behavior for company staff |
A.They believe that doing so is impractical. |
B.They feel that such behavior is unprincipled(不道德的). |
C.They are not good at manipulating colleagues. |
D.They think the effort will get them nowhere. |
A.avoid being too outstanding |
B.get along well with his colleagues |
C.honest and loyal to his company |
D.give his boss a good impression |
A.self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery |
B.hard work contributes very little to one’ s promotion |
C.many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery |
D.speaking up for oneself is part of human nature |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析
试题分析:一个人想要出人头地仅仅靠准时上班、勤奋工作、忙忙碌碌是不够的,人们还要学会推销自己。在文中作者提出了“office politics”,即在办公环境中要对别人友善、乐于助人、获得别人的喜欢,尤其是上司的青睐,当然这不同与阿谀奉承,溜须拍马。
小题1:B推理判断题。根据专家给的定义experts define office politics as proper behaviors used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some forms of socializing within the office environment可知“office politics”办公室政治是指一种人际关系。所以B选项正确。
小题2:B推理判断题。从文可知“play the game”指的是offcie politics。再由文中“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative(工于心计的) behavior,”;others associate politics with flattery(奉承),可知人们对“office politics”存在错误的理解,认为offcie politics和阿谀奉承一样,所以B选项正确。
小题3:D推理判断题。从文章倒数第三段作者举得例子“But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best.可以推断给上司留下好的印象也是得以提升的关键,所以D选项正确。
小题4:A推理判断题。文章开头作者提出话题即作者的观点But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.所以正确选项是A。
核心考点
试题【A is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for t】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two 34. We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing 35 the challenge isn’t worth the 36 and call it quits. Although there are certainly 37 when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most 38 all that is needed is 39 and communication.
When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how 40 or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to 41 it and work it trough instead of running away from it. Communication is making a 42 for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. 43 you can say to a friend, “I got my feelings hurt.” 44 “You hurt my feelings,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.
In dealing with the many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for 45 they are: small hurdles you need to jump or 46 on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is 47 to get over, and hurt only 48 to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it 49 to everyone, and some day you will 50 all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made who I am today. And that is a good thing.”
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It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate my grandparents’ game. Skepticism has kept me from believing in true love --- one that is pure and enduring (持久的). However, I never doubted my grandparents’ relationship. It was based on passionate(热情的)affection which not everyone is lucky enough to experience.
But there was a dark cloud in my grandparents’ life: my grandmother had breast cancer. The disease had first appeared ten years earlier. As always, Grandpa was with her every step of the way. He comforted her in their yellow room, painted that way so that she could always be surrounded by sunshine, even when she was too sick to go outside. But my grandmother grew steadily weaker until, finally, she could not leave the house anymore. Then one day, what we all dreaded finally happened. Grandma was gone.
“Shmily.” It was written in yellow on the pink ribbons of my grandmother’s funeral bouquet (花束). As the crowd thinned and the last mourners turned to leave, Grandpa stepped up to my grandmother’s coffin and, taking a shaky breath, he began to sing to her. Through his tears and grief, the song came: S-h-m-i-l-y: See How Much I Love You.
小题1:According to the passage, where may the word “shmily” be found?
a.in the flour containers
b.on the mirror
c.on the sheet of toilet paper
d.on pillows
e.on the furniture
A.a, b | B.b, c | C.a, d | D.b, e |
A.what the word “shmily” means |
B.how the author’s grandparents played their special game |
C.how the author appreciated her grandparents’ game |
D.how the author’s grandparents cared for each other |
A.appear | B.change | C.survive | D.work |
A.thought the game was meaningless |
B.believes everyone can experience true love |
C.doubted the existence of true love at first |
D.sometimes left “shmily” around the house |
A.singing songs to her every day |
B.painting the room yellow |
C.encouraging her to go outside |
D.helping her take a hot shower every day |
Sometimes, though, the stresses in your life can actually come from your peers. They may pressure you into doing something you’re uncomfortable with, such as shoplifting, doing drugs or drinking, or taking dangerous risks when driving a car.
The pressure to conform(随潮流) can be powerful and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it. Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless--- or something that has more serious consequences.
People may feel pressure to conform, so they fit in or are accepted, or so they don’t feel awkward or uncomfortable. When people are unsure of what to do in a social situation, they naturally look to others for cues(暗示)about what is and isn’t acceptable.
The people who are most easily influenced will follow someone else’s lead first. Then others may go along, too --- so it can be easy to think, “It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they’re doing.” Before you know it, many people are going along with the crowd --- perhaps on something they might not otherwise do.
Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature --- but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground.
It’s not always easy to resist negative peer pressure. But when you do, it is easy to feel good about it afterwards. And you may even be a positive influence on your peers who feel the same way --- often it just takes one person to speak out or take a different action to change a situation.
小题1:Which of the following is a kind of peer pressure?
A.Your teachers give you a lot of homework. |
B.Your parents expect high scores from you. |
C.Your classmates persuade you to cut class. |
D.Your relatives invite you to attend a party. |
A.negative |
B.impossible |
C.positive |
D.uncertain |
A.feel a sense of achievement |
B.get a feeling of being accepted |
C.set a good example for others |
D.stand out in a crowd |
A.Giving in to peer pressure is unavoidable. |
B.Peer pressure usually leads to serious results. |
C.Going along with the crowd usually means making a right choice. |
D.Everyone can make a difference by resisting negative peer pressure. |
A.thoughts on peer pressure |
B.different types of peer pressure |
C.ways to deal with peer pressure |
D.the influence of peer pressure on people |
In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our points of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail — other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merit of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.
Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our mind or prey on our vulnerability. Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.
Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution.
小题1:According to the passage, persuasion means ________.
A.changing others’ points of view |
B.exercising power over other people |
C.getting other people to consider your point of view |
D.getting people to agree with you and do what you want |
A.win | B.fail | C.speak | D.listen |
A.a danger to society | B.difficult to do well |
C.unwelcome behavior | D.never successful |
A.how people persuade |
B.why people persuade |
C.that persuasion is both good and bad |
D.that persuasion is important and it is all around us |
Family Meals
Family meals are comforting for both parents and kids. Children like to guess what they are going to have and parents get the chance to introduce new food to children and to find out which food they like and which ones they don’t.
Teens may turn up their noses at your plan of a family meal. It is not surprising because they’re trying to establish independence. Yet studies find that teens still want their parents’ advice, so use the mealtime as a chance to reconnect.
Stocking up (储备) on healthy food
Kids, especially younger ones, will eat mostly what they can get at home. That’s why it’s important to control the supply lines — the food which you serve for meals and have on hand for snacks. You should have enough fruits, vegetables, lean meat and other good sources of protein, such as eggs and nuts, and healthy snacks, such as yogurt, peanut butter and whole-grain biscuits.
Being a good example
The best way for you to encourage healthy eating is to eat well yourself. Kids will follow the lead of the adults they see every day. By eating fruits and vegetables and avoiding fast food and sugary drinks, you’ll be sending the right message.
No conflicts over food
Parents might find themselves shouting at children to get them to have healthy food in front of them. This in fact can make children dislike what they are aske d to eat.
Get kids included
Most kids will enjoy making the decision about what to make for dinner. Talk to them about making choices and planning a balanced meal. It can help them make good decisions on their own about the food they want to eat.
小题1:Family meals provide the chances for parents to do the following things EXCEPT ________.
A.guessing what kids are going to have |
B.finding what kids like and dislike |
C.introducing new food to kids |
D.reconnecting with kids |
A.Being dealt with. |
B.Out of one’s reach. |
C.Made by persons instead of machines. |
D.Close by and ready when needed. |
A.Form a healthful eating habit themselves. |
B.Force kids to have vegetables. |
C.Stock up on some fruits at home. |
D.Make meal plans with kids. |
A.Eat healthily |
B.What is a healthy meal |
C.Help kids form healthy eating habits |
D.How to grow up healthily |
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