Let"s say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.
Here"s how it works:
A habit is a 3-step process. First, there"s a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there"s a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It"s what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.
Here"s how to apply it:
Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won"t need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?
小题1:Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?| A．Pick a new cue. | B．Form a new habit. | | C．Choose a new reward. | D．Design a new resolution. |
小题2:According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.| A．changing the routine | B．trying it for a week | | C．adjusting your goal | D．writing it down |
小题3:What"s the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?| A．To test out different kinds of cues. | | B．To do something as a habit even without rewards. | | C．To work out the best New Year"s resolution. | | D．To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards. |
小题4:“This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?| A．The Harry Potter poster. | | B．Reading 30 pages of an English novel. | | C．An English newspaper. | | D．Watching TV for half an hour. |
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小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:B
小题4:A |
试题分析：文章用图文并茂的形式教读者怎样在新的一年制定一个新的决心，从线索到实施到奖励，最终要做到没有奖励也能将它变成习惯。
小题1:推理题：根据文章图表里面内容的句子：可知如果对这个奖励不满意，可以选择一个新的奖励，Choose a new reward最适合The Habit Loop里面的有问号的方框，所以选C。
小题2:细节题：根据文章图表的下方左边的方框：可知根据The Habit Loop所说，你可以通过将计划写下来从而更有效的坚持这个计划，所以选D。
小题3:细节题：根据文章最后一段的句子：In a couple of weeks, you won"t need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward.可知使用The Habit Loop的目的是甚至没有回报都可以将一些事情当成习惯做，所以选B
小题4:推理题：根据文章的内容，A habit is a 3-step process. First, there"s a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there"s a routine. And finally, a reward,可知在新年里面下新的决心，先要有线索，然后是常规做法，最后是奖励，这里看见哈利波特的海报属于线索，所以选A |
核心考点
试题【Let"s say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Willi around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the "night owl" schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.
小题1:What docs the author stress in Paragraph I?| A．Many students are absent from class. | | B．Students are very tired on Monday mornings. | | C．Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. | | D．Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. |
小题2:Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2?| A．Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. | | B．Students don"t sleep well because of alerting systems. | | C．One"s body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. | | D．Adolescents" delayed sleep/wake cycle isn"t the preferred pattern. |
小题3:Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "classified"? | A．Criticised. | B．Grouped. | C．Organised. | D．Named. |
小题4:What docs the text mainly talk about?| A．Functions of the body clock. | | B．The "night owl" phenomenon. | | C．Human beings" sleep behaviour. | | D．The school schedule of "early birds". |
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Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it"s all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.
"Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and
our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.
But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan"s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（参与者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰剂).
After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went tlirough the same procedure with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men"s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people"s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal."
小题1:What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text? | A．Placebo. | B．Oxytocin. | | C．The gesture. | D．The social status. |
小题2:What can we learn from Professor Ryan"s previous experiment?| A．Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way. | | B．Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love. | | C．Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others" success. | | D．Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people"s behavior differences. |
小题3:Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?| A．To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions. | | B．To know the differences between friendship and competition. | | C．To know people"s different abilities to answer questions. | | D．To test people"s understanding of body language. |
小题4:The author develops the text by______.| A．explaining people"s behaviors | | B．describing his own experiences | | C．distinguishing sexual differences | | D．discussing research experiments |
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People aren’t walking any more---if they can figure out a way to avoid it.
I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn’t in ay hurry, either, I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.
It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day’s walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced –and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.
Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper…… is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And wlaking is an ideal form of exercise--- the most familiar and natural of all.
It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flower, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world, He cannot learn in a car.
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don’t dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.
I say that the green of forests is the mind’s best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.
小题1:What is the national sickness?| A．Walking too much | | B．Traveling too much | | C．Driving cars too much | | D．Climbing stairs too much. |
小题2:What was life like when the author was young?| A．People usually went around on foot. | | B．people often walked 25 miles a day | | C．People used to climb the Statue of Liberty. | | D．people considered a ten-jhour walk as a hardship. |
小题3:The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that| A．middle-aged people like getting back to nature | | B．walking in nature helps enrich one’s mind | | C．people need regular exercise to keep fit | | D．going on foot prevents heart disease |
小题4:What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph6?| A． A queue of cars | | B．A ray of traffic light | | C．A flash of lightning | | D．A stream of people |
小题5:What is the author’s intention of writing this passage?| A．To tell people to reflect more non life. | | B．To recommend people to give up driving | | C．To advise people to do outdoor activities | | D．To encourage people to return to walking |
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阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C, D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ________at work in people of all _________. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _______with their new toys. But their ________soon wear off and by January those_________toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_________stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s _________interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child________bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the_______of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great_______but soon looking forward to________. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many_________, who complain about the long drives to work, _________drove for hours at a time when they first_________ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually _______to do a lot of_____things, which never had _____while working. But ________after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they _______. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new_________.
| 小题1: | | A．principle | B．habit | C．way | D．power |
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| 小题2: | | A．parties | B．races | C．countries | D．ages |
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| 小题3: | | A．working | B．living | C．playing | D．going |
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| 小题4: | | A．confidence | B．interest | C．anxiety | D．sorrow |
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| 小题5: | | A．same | B．extra | C．funny | D．expensive |
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| 小题6: | | A．well-organized | B．colorfully-printed | C．newly-collected | D．half-filled |
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| 小题7: | | A．broad | B．passing | C．different | D．main |
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| 小题8: | | A．silently | B．impatiently | C．gladly | D．worriedly |
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| 小题9: | | A．promise | B．burden | C．right | D．game |
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| 小题10: | | A．courage | B．calmness | C．confusion | D．excitement |
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| 小题11: | | A．graduation | B．independence | C．responsibility | D．success |
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| 小题12: | | A．children | B．students | C．adults | D．retirees |
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| 小题13: | | A．carefully | B．eagerly | C．nervously | D．bravely |
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| 小题14: | | A．required | B．obtained | C．noticed | D．discovered |
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| 小题15: | | A．need | B．learn | C．start | D．plan |
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| 小题16: | | A．great | B．strange | C．difficult | D．correct |
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| 小题17: | | A．time | B．money | C．skills | D．knowledge |
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| 小题18: | | A．only | B．well | C．even | D．soon |
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| 小题19: | | A．lost | B．choose | C．left | D．quit |
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| 小题20: | | A．pets | B．toys | C．friends | D．colleagues |
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Since the first Earth Day in 1970,American have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment . “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment ,let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many ,many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with , the world is a safer and healthier place .A kind of “Green thinking ” has become part of practices .
Great improvement has been achieved .In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs ,; today in 1995 there are about 6,600 .Advanced lights ,motors , and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution .
Twenty –five years ago , there were hardly any education programs for environment .Today , it’s hard to find a public school , university , or law school that does not have such a kind of program .” Until we do that , nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson .
小题1:According to Anderson , before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___| A．the social movement | | B．recycling techniques | | C．environmental problems | | D．the importance of Earth Day |
小题2:Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?| A．The grass –roots level | | B．The business circle | | C．Government officials | | D．University professors |
小题3:What have Americans achieved in environmental protection ?| A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest | | B．They have settled their environmental problems | | C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. | | D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures . |
小题4:What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph ?| A．Education | | B．Planning | | C．Green living | | D．CO reduction |
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