题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.
A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy（民主）in preserving freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic（贵族的）idea of inherited privilege.
小题1:The statement “The business of America is business” probably means ________.
| A．America is a great power in world business |
| B．Business is of primary concern to Americans |
| C．The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce |
| D．Business problems are of great importance to the American government |
| A．by protecting their individual freedom |
| B．when given equality of opportunity |
| C．by way of competition |
| D．through doing business |
| A．People with ideals of equality and freedom. |
| B．Both business institutions and government. |
| C．Honest businessmen. |
| D．Both businessmen and their customers. |
| A．its role in protecting basic American values |
| B．its absolute control of power |
| C．its democratic way of exercising leadership |
| D．its function in preserving personal freedom |
| A．in many countries success often depends on one’s social status |
| B．businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America |
| C．American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries |
| D．Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:D
小题4:B
小题5:A
解析
试题分析：本文介绍了在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织,有更多的威望。美国人认为以竞争为基础的商业比其他机构更加坚定。美国人可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。竞争不仅保护顾客的利益，也会保护商业机构。竞争的工商业与垄断的政府经常形成鲜明对照。在这样的社会体制下，美国人不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位。小题1:语义理解题。第一段的that business institutions have more prestige（威望）in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织,有更多的威望。说明美国人很关注商业。故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。第二段的Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected竞争不仅本身是良好的,它还是保护手段,其他基本的美国价值观如个人自由、机会均等和努力工作是受它的保护。可知美国人可以通过商业竞争实现他们的个人价值。故选C。
小题3:细节理解题。从第三段的 if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly.可知只有公正的对待顾客的商业机构才会在竞争中获胜。可以看出竞争不仅保护顾客的利益，也会保护商业机构。故选D。
小题4:细节理解题。第四段的A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. 竞争的工商业与垄断的政府经常形成鲜明对照。因为工商业是竞争的，政府是all-powerful全能的，垄断的，他们的区别在于权利的操控上。故选B。
小题5:推理判断题。最后一段的Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background.竞争的成功被视为美国人基于家庭背景而产生的社会地位的替代。从中可知美国不依靠家庭背景决定社会地位，反过来，其他国家就要依靠了。故选A。
考点：核心考点
试题【President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still poi】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
It is no exaggeration to say that people today are being attacked by stress. According to the National Consumers League, “ Work is the top source of stress for adults who have problems and stress in their lives (39%),followed by family (30%).Other sources include health (10%), concern about the economy (9%)and concern about international conflict and terrorism (4%).”
However , stress is hardly unique to the United States .A British survey in 2013 estimated that “over half a million individuals in Britain believed in 2012 that they were experiencing work –related stress at a level that was making them ill .” As a result of “work –related stress, depression or anxiety ,”there are “an estimated thirteen and a half million reported lost working days per year in Britain .”
The picture is no less bleak (荒凉的) in mainland Europe .According to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work , “work-related stress has been shown to affect millions of European Workers across all types of employment sectors .” One survey revealed that there are “about 41 million workers affected by work-related stress each year.”
What about Asia ? A report issued by a conference held in Tokyo concluded: “ Job stress is a common concern among many countries in the world , both developing and industrialized countries .” The report observed that “several countries in East Asia , including China and Korea, have rapidly industrialized and economically grown .These countries now have a lot of concerns on job stress and its harmful effects on workers’ health.”
小题1:What did the author indicate by quoting “America’s No.1 Health Problem.” (Para. 1)?
| A．He wanted to talk about health problems in America. |
| B．He meant to introduce the topic of stress |
| C．He hoped to emphasize the stress in America |
| D．He wanted to tell readers something about American Institute of Stress |
| A．The threat of work-related stress is bigger than cancer and AIDS. |
| B．Stress is always from working and living pressure. |
| C．Some Americans care about international conflict and terrorism. |
| D．A lot of English people become ill as a result of stress. |
| A．Asian people are more willing to develop their countries |
| B．the rapid economic development is the main reason for stress |
| C．some people in Asian countries have health problems from employment stress |
| D．Asian countries have a better situation of stress than Europe |
| A．Popular Science | B．New York Medical News |
| C．Daily Health Report | D．Medicine and Healthcare Journal |
| A．America’s No.1 Health Problem | B．How to Deal with Stress |
| C．Attacked by Stress | D．Working Stress around the World |
But lately, we were told, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there are concerns that there will not be enough clean water to go round.
There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400km railway link, which could transform the landlocked country. About 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?
The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours, although its economy has grown at about 6% a year in the last decade. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.
But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow: fortunately so far the fast-food chains and coffee bars common elsewhere are nowhere to be seen. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are available to those with satellite dishes.
The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN’s least-developed category by 2020.
小题1:What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?
| A．Dust from the road is making the water dirtier. |
| B．There are too many taps accessing the water. |
| C．The population of the area is growing fast. |
| D．The coming summer will dry up rivers and lakes. |
| A．There are no fast-food restaurants in the country. |
| B．Laos has a variety of tourist attractions. |
| C．Information on the Internet is freely accessible. |
| D．The government owns all local media. |
| A．The lack of local skilled workers. |
| B．A poor transportation system. |
| C．Too much foreign aid. |
| D．Too many foreign workers. |
| A．Laos: slow-developing nations |
| B．Laos: small steps forward |
| C．Laos: least-developed land |
| D．Laos: landlocked country |
Social support cushions(缓和) stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting (转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support money aid, material resources, and needed services - that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
小题1:Interpersonal relationships are important because they can ________
| A．make people live more easily | B．smooth away daily problems |
| C．deal with life changes | D．cure types of illnesses |
| A．lies in the social medical care systems which support them |
| B．has much to do with the amount of support they get from others |
| C．depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles |
| D．is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes |
| A．instrumental support | B．informational support |
| C．social companionship | D．the strengthening of self-respect |
| A．Effects of stressful condition. | B．Kinds of social support. |
| C．Ways to deal with stress. | D．Interpersonal relationships. |
I made a mistake: breaking into my teenager"s personal space. “The average teenager has pretty strong feelings about his privacy," Lara Fox and her friend Hilary Frankel told me. Mr．Frankel and Mr．Fox, both 17, are the authors of Breaking the Code, a new book that seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents．It is being promoted by its publisher as the first self-help guide by teenagers for their parents, a kind of "Kids Are From Mars, Parents Are From Venus" that explains the language and actions of teenagers．The girls dealt with issues including hanging out late, money, school pressures, smoking etc．
Personally, I welcome their opinions．The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers arise from the war between parents exercising their rights to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers firmly guarding their privacy．Teenagers can be quick to interpret their parents" remarks and respond with anger that masks their vulnerability （脆弱）. Ms Fox said, "What we want above all is your approval．Don"t forget, no matter how much we act as if we don"t care what you say, we believe the things you say about us．"
Nancy, a New York child-raising expert said she didn"t agree with everything the authors suggested but found their arguments reasonable．"When your kids are saying, " You don"t get it, and you never will, " there are lots of ways to respond so that they will listen and that is what the writers point out．"
" My parents helped me see that, " Mr．Fox told me, " even though they used to stay out late and ride their bicycles to school, times have changed and the way parents educate children is different．These days there is a major fear factor in bringing up kids．Parents worry about their child crossing the street．" The writers said they hoped simply to throw light on teenage thinking．
小题1:According to the two girls, teenagers nowadays are ____．
| A．independent | B．intelligent |
| C．inconsiderate | D．sensitive |
| A．the teenagers don"t want/to admit their weakness |
| B．the teenagers think that their parents will never understand them |
| C．the parents do not necessarily force into the world of their children |
| D．the generation gap cannot be shortened despite their parents" efforts |
| A．teenagers should guard their privacy |
| B．Nancy totally agrees with the two girls" opinions |
| C．parents are more concerned about children"s safety |
| D．the two girls have obtained numerous support from the public |
| A．It is one of the best-sellers |
| B．It is also written by the two girls |
| C．The two books have the similar theme |
| D．The two books have different opinions |
Departures: May 5, 12, 19 and June 9
4 days for $129 per person
Paris in the Springtime was, is and always will be, something rather special. Why not experience it for yourself with this excellent break for four days? This attractive city has something to offer everyone and with prices at just $129. It"s great value too.
Your break begins with executive coach transfer (中转) from regional (各地的) pickup points and travel to Paris is via crosschannel ferry (渡船), arriving at your hotel in the evening. The Ibis is an excellent quality hotel with private facilities in all rooms: satellite TV, radio, telephone and alarm clock. It has a bar and a restaurant and is situated about two miles south of Notre Dame enabling you to explore Paris with ease.
The following day, after continental breakfast (included), the coach takes you on a comprehensive sightseeing tour of the city, during which you will see the Eiffel Tower, Champs Elysees, L"Arc de Triomphe, the Louvre, in fact almost every famous landmark you will ever have heard of. You then leave Paris and take a short drive to the magnificent Palace of Versailles, the home of Louis XIV. The tour ends midafternoon back in Paris where you will have the remainder of the day at your leisure. In the evening there is a ‘Paris By Night’ tour showing you the beautiful buildings with bright lights.
Day three takes you to Montmartre, perhaps the most picturesque quarter of Paris and home of the Sacre Coeur and the Moulin Rouge. In the afternoon you are free to explore this beautiful city as you wish, perhaps a pleasure voyage on the River Seine, wander around the picturesque gardens or look through among the antique shops (古玩店). In the evening you will have the opportunity to visit the best nightclub in the city, the splendid Patin. On the final day it"s back to the UK via channel ferry.
Included in the price of $129 per person：
* Return executive coach travel to Paris;
* Return ferry crossings；
* Three nights accommodation in a twin bedded room in a Central Paris hotel with private facilities；
* Continental breakfast during your stay；
* Guided sightseeing tour of “Paris By Day” and “Paris By Night”；
* Visit to Chateau of Versailles (admission not included)；
* Tour on Montmartre；
* Services of an experienced bilingual tour guide at all times.
小题1:This advertisement is mainly________.
| A．to tell tourists the route to Paris |
| B．to show the price of traveling to Paris |
| C．to introduce the city of Paris |
| D．to attract tourists to Paris |
| A．have a free time of half day |
| B．have a “Paris By Night” on the first evening |
| C．have a pleasure voyage on the River Seine together |
| D．live in a hotel two miles away from Paris |
| A．the continental breakfasts |
| B．tour on Montmartre |
| C．admission ticket to Chateau of Versailles |
| D．services of a bilingual tour guide |
| A．the tourists can telephone in Ibis without paying |
| B．the tourists will see the Eiffel Tower on the third day |
| C．Palace of Versailles is not in the center of Paris |
| D．it will take you a long time to get to Montmartre from Paris |
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