题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
There are many other “Dutch” expressions in English, many of which were invented in Britain in the seventeenth century, when the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals. The British used “Dutch” to refer to something bad, cheap and shameful. A “Dutch bargain” at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; “Dutch reckoning” was an unitemized(未逐条记载的) account; and “Dutch widow” was slang for prostitute. Later centuries brought in “Dutch courage”, for bravery caused by drink; “Dutch concert”, for noisy music; “Dutch nightingale”, meaning a frog; and “double Dutch”, for incomprehensible language or talk.
Some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. In fact, in American English, some “Dutch” expressions have nothing to do with the Dutch, but something with the German. It was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “Dutch” and “Deutsch” (the German word for German), when German immigrants came to America in the 1700s. For instance, “the Pennsylvania Dutch” refers to the German descendants, instead of the Dutch descendants, living in Pennsylvania.
小题1:Many of the “Dutch” expressions were invented with negative sense, because ___________.
| A．The Dutch were underdeveloped people. |
| B．Britain and Holland were competitors at that time. |
| C．The Dutch had many bad habits. |
| D．The British were superior to the Dutch. |
| A．You are in Holland. | B．You are welcome. |
| C．You are in trouble. | D．You are lucky. |
| A．People hated the German as much as the Dutch. |
| B．People made a mistake at the beginning. |
| C．People made a joke about the German. |
| D．The German immigrants proclaimed that they were Dutch. |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
解析
试题分析：Dutch treat是十九世纪后期的术语，它原本是指每个人都预期支付他自己份额的食品和饮料的一顿晚餐。如果人们去Dutch treat，或简单地“go Dutch”，这意味着他们将分享参与某一个社会活动的费用。有很多其他含Dutch的英语习语，其中许多被发明了在英国在十七世纪，当时荷兰人和英语是商业和军事竞争对手。英语中用Dutch指坏、 廉价和可耻的东西。 一些表达今天仍在使用。事实上，在美国英语中，含有Dutch的习语与荷兰人无关，但与德国相关。这大概是当德国移民在 18 世纪来到美国时，由于当地人把Dutch和Deutsch (德语中德国人) 这两个在拼写和发音上很相似的词弄混了。
小题1:细节理解题。题干问：许多发明的带有“Dutch”的习语含有否定意义，因为什么？根据文中的the Dutch and the English were commercial and military rivals.（当时荷兰人和英语是商业和军事竞争对手。）可知，选 B。
小题2:推理判断题。题干问：根据从第二段获得的信息，猜一下You are in Dutch的意思。第二段介绍，英国人用" Dutch "指坏、 廉价和可耻的东西。，故选C。（你有麻烦了。）
小题3:细节理解题。题干问：根据本段介绍，一些当地美国人用Dutch习语与德国人而不是荷兰人有关。因为什么？根据最后一段的解释可知，在18世纪德国人来到美国时，当地人在拼写和发音方面混淆了Dutch 和Deutsch（指德国）。故选B。（ 一开始弄错了。）
核心考点
试题【Dutch treat is a late-nineteenth-century term, and it originally refers to a din】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.
You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to give a dinner for friends, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, and decide which food to cook first, and such planning is essential and necessary for any type of meal to be served.
Similarly, you can make a blueprint for your could-be-job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your service.
This account of yourself is actually a description of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to filling out standard application blanks and it is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience and other qualifications will pay him to employ you, and your abilities must be displayed on an orderly and reasonably connected manner. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something exact to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job.
Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking in the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Obtaining a job is your job now!
小题1:When the elders say, “It’s not what you want in the world, but what you get”, they mean ______.
| A．you will certainly get what you want |
| B．it’s no use dreaming but be practical |
| C．you should never be satisfied with what you have |
| D．it’s essential to be ambitious |
| A．a set rule for job hunters |
| B．a suggestion on how to get a good job |
| C．an example of how to plan important things ahead |
| D．a guideline for a job description |
| A．writing up a detailed plan for a job interview |
| B．keeping a blueprint of what you want to do |
| C．drawing a description of your working life |
| D．seeking the employment you want |
Some people say roses are difficult to grow. But you have a good chance of success if you start with a few suggestions from experts. You should plant your roses where they can get sunshine for about six hours on bright days. You can buy roses form a garden center or by mail order. You can buy potted roses, also known as container roses, or bare-root plants. Each kind has its fans.
Some gardeners say potted roses are easier to plant. They say the roots develop better. But Jeffrey Dinslage, an expert, pint out that bare-root roses come without soil. So they weigh less to transport.
Another expert advises getting bare-foot roses as close to planting time as you can. If they arrive before you are ready to plant them, make sure the packing material is moist. Keep the plants in a cool, dark place. The resting plants have no leaves but still need water. When growing roses, the soil should feel moist deep down. Watering should be done in the morning.
But do not water too much. People often ask Jeffrey Dinslage about unhealthy discoloration on rose leaves. He says the spots are usually caused by too much water. After heavy rains or too much watering, he advises pulling away mulch, the substance used to protect the roots, temporarily from around the roots. This will help dry the soil.
小题1:From the first paragraph, we know that in the United States _______.
| A．all the people like roses | B．there are a lot of national flowers |
| C．some roses don’t smell sweet | D．there are some other popular flowers |
| A．They are easier to plant. | B．Their roots develop better. |
| C．They are cheap to transport | D．Their leaves need no water |
| A．Slightly wet. | B．Pretty dry. | C．Too hard. | D．Lightly soft. |
| A．not water roses in the morning | B．protect the roots of roses |
| C．improve the quality of the soil | D．not water roses very much |
Cold can affect other parts of the body, the feet, for example. Heavy socks can warm your feet, if your feet are really cold. But there is an expression ---- to get cold feet--- that has nothing to do with cold or your feet. The expression means being afraid to do something you decided to do. For example, you agree to be president of an organization. But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned. All the work of the organization will be your responsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation.
Cold can also affect your shoulder. You “give someone the cold shoulder” when you refuse to speak to them. You treat them in a distant, cold way. The expression probably come from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face-to- face. You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you or to someone who has lied about you to others.
“A cold fish” is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and show no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone.
“Out in the cold” is and expression often heard. It means not getting something that everybody else got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise. He was left our in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be.
小题1: The text is intended to tell us that ______.
| A．cold weather has a great effect on human bodies |
| B．“cold” is a word closely linked with human emotions |
| C．many English expressions contain the word “cold” |
| D．the word “cold” has many different meanings in English |
| A．merciless | B．illegal | C．impolite | D．extreme |
| A．Cold-blooded. | B．To get cold shoulder. |
| C．A cold fish. | D．A cold shoulder. |
| A．is given the cold shoulder | B．is punished by a cold fish |
| C．has got cold feet | D．is left out in the cold |
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, "to install (安装) an alarm". Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others" conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant "to cheat", and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as "little problems and difficulties" that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison "had been up the two previous nights discovering "a bug" in his invented record player."
小题1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.
| A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug |
| B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug |
| C．the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century |
| D．both Englishman and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century |
| A．Fault. | B．Finding. | C．Origin. | D．Explanation. |
| A．the misunderstanding of the word bug |
| B．the development of the word bug |
| C．the public views of the word bug |
| D．the special characteristics of the word bug |
Lazy people are often seen as useless. , are they really being lazy or are they acting lazy? There is a huge difference between saying you are lazy sometimes and you are a lazy person. One is suggesting that your laziness is while the other suggests that it’s permanent. This is the myth of laziness. People who are lazy aren’t lazy; they are people who are temporarily acting that way.
So what causes a person to be inactive? The answer is a lack of goals. If you give someone a good enough to do something, he will do it. People who don’t seem to do anything just haven’t found a good enough reason to do something. Lazy students don’t study because they don’t see the in studying. For example, if you are too lazy to clean out the garage, would someone a gun to your head help you take action? The reason can be positive or negative it’s strong enough to induce(引起) action.
To motivate someone who is lazy, what you need to do is to help him find enough to work towards a certain goal.
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