题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. We don’t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.
We make use of stereotypes as convenient ways to make quick judgments about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate, and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.
The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.
In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets other tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.
In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions, clothes, hairstyles, people’s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.
小题1:People walking in cities ignore the surroundings because _________________.
A.they do not wish to talk to other people |
B.everyone else is expressionless |
C.the environment is already familiar to them |
D.there is too much information to get |
A.are likely to lead us into dangerous situations |
B.may make us miss some pleasant experience |
C.can rarely be relied on |
D.make us mentally lazy |
A.stereotypes can help to understand people fully |
B.people are becoming more interested in fashion |
C.dressing can send messages about individuals |
D.stereotypes can do more harm than good to people |
A.might be less important in making friends in a city |
B.is mainly determined by his pronunciation |
C.plays less of a role than it did in the past |
D.is something that can be changed easily |
答案
小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:A
解析
小题1:推理题。根据第一段第一行we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us.可知人们在街上只关注自己感兴趣的东西,对于别的那些不感兴趣的不予理睬,是因为信息的输入太大。
小题2:细节题。根据第三段第一行The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience.可知stereotypes会限制人们的经历,也就是会让人错过一些令人愉快的经历。
小题3:推理题。根据第四段1,2行styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized.可以推断出服装可以传递出个人的信息。
小题4:推理题。根据最后一句, Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.可以知道a person’s class并不是决定因素。
核心考点
试题【阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。When we walk through the city, we all experienc】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Shopping is not as simple as you think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand of product on the shelf.
Coloring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packages in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colors. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive foods, like chocolates, are gold and silver.
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.
The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.
It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging.
The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.”
小题1:Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?
A.The cost of its package. |
B.The price of the product. |
C.The color of its package. |
D.The brand name of the product. |
A.attracted the customers strongly |
B.had weak effect on the customers |
C.tricked the customers into shopping |
D.caused the customers to lose interest |
A.Choice of Good Products |
B.Disadvantages of Products |
C.Effect of Packaging on Shopping |
D.Brand Names and Shopping Tricks |
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身)nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey (传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员),because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
小题1:Which of the following is the newspaper editor’ opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A.People’s appearances carry messages about themselves. |
B.Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies. |
C.Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated. |
D.Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace. |
A.Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview. |
B.What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies. |
C.Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates. |
D.Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates. |
A.Employees Matter |
B.Personal Choices Matter |
C.Appearances Matter |
D.Hiring Managers Matter |
A. enthusiastic B. negative C positive D. sympathetic
If you’ve just arrived back in the UK after a fortnight’s holiday, small changes have probably surprised you—anything from a local greengrocer suddenly being replaced by a mobile-phone shop to someone in your street moving house.
So how have things changed to people coming back to Britain after seven, ten or even 15 years living abroad? What changes in society can they see that the rest of us have hardly noticed—or now take for granted? To find out, we asked some people who recently returned.
Debi: When we left, Cheltenham, my home town, was a town of white, middle-class families—all very conservative (保守的). The town is now home to many eastern Europeans and lots of Australians, who come here mainly to work in hotels and tourism. There are even several shops only for foreigners.
Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I admire people who go overseas to find a job. Maybe if I lived in an inner city where unemployment was high, I’d think differently, but I believe foreign settlers have improved this country because they’re more open-minded and often work harder than the natives.
Christine: As we flew home over Britain, both of us remarked how green everything looked. But the differences between the place we’d left behind and the one we returned to were brought sharply into focus as soon as we landed.
To see policemen with guns in the airport for the first time was frightening—in Cyprus, they’re very relaxed—and I got pulled over by customs officers just for taking a woolen sweater with some metal-made buttons out of my case in the arrivals hall. Everyone seemed to be on guard. Even the airport car-hire firm wanted a credit card rather than cash because they said their vehicles had been used by bank robbers.
But anyway, this is still a green, beautiful country. I just wish more people would appreciate what they’ve got.
小题1:After a short overseas holiday, people tend to _______.
A.notice small changes |
B.expect small changes |
C.welcome small changes |
D.exaggerate small changes |
A.Cautiously. |
B.Positively. |
C.Sceptically. |
D.Critically. |
A.the relaxed policemen |
B.the messy arrivals hall |
C.the tight security |
D.the bank robbers |
A.Life in Britain. |
B.Back in Britain. |
C.Britain in Future. |
D.Britain in Memory. |
But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.
For working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this across the year. Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. For some ’ this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in sofeguaiding children"s welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays, much of this is missed.
While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council (委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down lo four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. We believe this will give real “down time" for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.
小题1: The passage is probably written by .
A.an experienced teacher | B.a working parent |
C.an inspired student | D.a city council member |
A.environments | B.holidays | C.wages | D.benefits |
A.2 weeks | B.4.5 weeks | C.5 weeks | D.6 weeks |
A.obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs |
B.get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school |
C.benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment |
D.have more school days to receive free school meals |
A.working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children |
B.the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out |
C.the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real "down time" |
D.some school staff will say “ No" to the plans for a shorter summer holiday |
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.
If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.
小题1:What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?
A.They are often forgotten by their owners. |
B.They are used to living outdoors. |
C.They build their own shelter. |
D.They like to stay in warm places. |
A.To know when to bring them inside. |
B.To keep them from eating bad food. |
C.To help them find shelters. |
D.To keep them company. |
A.run short of clean water |
B.dig deep holes for fun |
C.dirty the snow nearby |
D.get lost in the wild |
A.To solve a problem. |
B.To give practical advice. |
C.To tell an interesting story. |
D.To present a research result. |
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