题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”
Dr. Scott said the research showed customer-service workers who “fake smile” throughout the day worsen their mood and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops. He added, “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.” Dr. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two- week period.
The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effect that has on men and women. His team examined the effects of surface acting — or fake smiling — compared to what was termed “deep acting”, or cultivating(培养) positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.
Dr. Scott said, “Women are harmed more by surface acting, meaning their mood worsens even more than the men and they withdraw more from work. However, they are helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improves more.”
Although “deep acting” seems to improve mood in the short-term, Dr. Scott said it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.
He said, “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
小题1:What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
| A．Have the opposite effect. | B．Lead to conflict. |
| C．Drive people mad. | D．Help a lot. |
| A．Surface acting is good for organizations. |
| B．Men benefit more from deep acting than women. |
| C．Fake smiling causes more harm to women than men. |
| D．Recalling good memories is a long-term solution to feeling down. |
| A．employees | B．employers | C．researchers | D．customers. |
| A．Solution to feeling unhappy |
| B．How to cultivate positive emotions |
| C．How to improve workers’ productivity |
| D．Fake smiling makes you miserable |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：文章介绍一项调查发现假笑会带来情绪的疲劳，假笑给女性带来的痛苦比男性多，而且假笑对组织和公司的影响是不好的，所以老板们应该把这个研究结果当成是警告。
小题1:猜词题：从后面的解释：Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”假笑会带来情绪的疲劳对组织是不好的，说明假笑对有不好的影响，backfire 和Have the opposite effect.意思相近，选A
小题2:细节题：从第二段的句子：The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy.可知假笑给女性带来的痛苦比男性多，选C
小题3:推理题：从第二段的句子：Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. 和第三段的句子：“Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.”可以看出老板应该把这个研究当成警告。选B
小题4:主旨题：从第一段的句子：Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.可知这篇文章讲的是假笑会让人觉得你是痛苦的，选D
核心考点
试题【Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
What has become of these women in white? The answer lies in not one but several causes. One possibility is the fact that women have greater career options. In the past, women who chose to work outside the home had two basic choices: nursing or teaching. Today, more women than ever are in the workforce, but their options have greatly increased. There are women doctors, lawyers, firefighters and police officers. In fact, women today are found in nearly every field of work. Nursing has been left behind, as women move on to jobs with higher pay and greater status. A woman or man in the nursing field is often looked down upon as“merely a nurse”. Teachers many be also at fault. Many high school students are actually away from nursing, told by teachers that they are“too bright to be a nurse”.
Americans are living longer than ever and requiring more medical attention. In fact, the number of elderly patients has almost doubled in the past twenty years. Obviously a larger population requires more nurses. AIDS and other diseases have caused more and more people to need nursing care. Usually fatal (致命的) diseases mean long hospital stay, that is to say, more nurses are needed to care for these patients. It is estimated that the demand for nurses will be doubled the supply in the coming ten years.
小题1:What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
| A．How nurses have been looked down upon. |
| B．Why women have chosen many different jobs. |
| C．What has caused nurse shortage. |
| D．How teachers have influenced their students. |
| A．not mentioning the worst nurse shortage in the US |
| B．introducing jobs with higher pay and greater status to their students |
| C．not asking the government to raise the nurses’ payment |
| D．persuading the students not to be nurses |
| A．describe the unequal treatment of women in the US |
| B．warn people to pay more attention to the nursing problem |
| C．tell us women’s free choices of jobs today |
| D．call on women to choose different kinds of jobs |
| A．high school students think themselves too bright to be nurses |
| B．women in the US have greater career choices than those in other countries |
| C．of all the hospitals in the world 60 percent more nurses are badly needed |
| D．nursing used to be a popular job among women |
Nearly one-third of pedestrians （29．8% ） were distracted （分散注意力） by their mobile devices while crossing the street, say researchers of a study published online in the journal Injury Prevention．
Just as drivers who text, talk on cell phones, or adjust MP3 players increase their risk of losing control of their vehicles, pedestrians distracted by their conversations or their devices also put themselves at higher risk of getting into an accident．
During the summer of 2012, scientists in Seattle, Wash． , studied 1,102 pedestrians at 20 crossroads seeing the city * s highest number of pedestrian injuries over the past few years．
They watched how pedestrians crossed the street @ whether they looked both ways or obeyed the crossroad signal @ and also recorded how long it took pedestrians to do so．Distractions included listening to music with headphones, using a cell phone or earpiece to talk on a cell phone, text messaging, and talking with another person．
Overall, researchers found the most common distraction among pedestrians was listening to music （11．2%）, followed by text messaging （7．3%）, and using a handheld phone（6．2%）． But the most absorbing distraction was texting． Compared to pedestrians who were not distracted, those who were texting took 1．87 seconds longer to cross and were four times more likely to not look where they were going, disobey traffic lights, or cross outside of the crosswalk． While the study did not track injuries related to these trends, previous studies have linked such activities to a higher risk of being injured while crossing the street．
Combined with the rise in the use of mobile devices, especially smart phones, the results raise concerns that multi-tasking while walking may be a rising concern for pedestrians． And that danger may only climb, as the number of wireless devices has already exceeded the population of the United States． Last year, roughly 1,152 people wound up in the emergency room to treat injuries caused by using a cell phone or electronic device, the Consumer Product Safety Commission told the Associated Press in July． Those numbers may be underestimated, however, because patients may not always admit that they were using their phones along with other activities such as walking or driving when they were hurt．
小题1:The scientists did their study at the 20 crossroads in order to _____．
| A．attract more attention | B．see more injuries |
| C．record more samples | D．find more pedestrians |
| A．talking on a phone | B．texting messages |
| C．listening to music | D．disobeying traffic lights |
| A．gone beyond | B．greatly influenced |
| C．accelerated the increase of | D．drawn the attention of |
| A．Walk and don"t Talk |
| B．Prevention of Distraction |
| C．Look both ways while crossing the street |
| D．Cell phones lead to injuries |
Landmarks(标志) of the United States.
Beyond the tremendous(巨大的) loss of innocent lives and physical property, the attack was clearly aimed at the ideals of America—our values and the economic system that has made the U.S. economy the envy of the world.
Those responsible for these acts portray(描绘)the United States as the embodiment(化身)of all that is evil
With globalization and the worldwide economy it has spawned. They use the failures of globalization as an excuse to exploit their millions of constituents in the underdeveloped world.
Sometime soon, the U.S. military will strike back against those who it is determined have committed these acts. A military response is appropriate – some would say overdue(期待已久). But even if the military objective is achieved, that alone will not get to the heart of the matter.
It is crucial that the U.S. economy return to full speed ahead and continue to be the driving force behind expansion of the global economy.
Globalization, or at least the present phase of it, generally is viewed as having started with the end of the Cold War in 1989. And for all its shortcomings, the free flow of goods, services, capital and labor across the borders of the world’s trading nations — the process that has come to be called globalization—still offers the best chance to fulfill the dreams of so many of the world’s poor.
小题1:The attack on Sept. 11 caused _____.
| A．loss to both the military forces and the ordinary citizens in the U.S. |
| B．a large variety of losses among the American people |
| C．greater loss to the American government than the citizens |
| D．less loss in the economy of the U.S. than the American ideals |
| A．some people were jealous of the richness of the United States |
| B．the development of globalization frightened those who were conservative |
| C．everything evil might be thought to have something to do with the U.S. |
| D．the United States was considered the most evil country all over the world |
| A．will be successful very soon |
| B．cannot make any sense to the matter |
| C．is really hard to some extent |
| D．will prove justifiable and necessary |
| A．It will bring the expansion of the world’s economy. |
| B．The poor will become rich overnight if it is realized. |
| C．Nations will be too friendly to start a war against each other. |
| D．The borders between the nations will be abandoned soon. |
| A．Economical factors are of great importance in international affairs. |
| B．The event on Sept. 11 has slowed down the process of globalization. |
| C．Military forces are necessary in the course of the development of economy. |
| D．The progress of globalization depends on the recovery of American economy. |
The advantages of texting are obvious. Texting helps to save money. If you have a few words to greet your families and friends on their birthdays or on some important festivals, sending messages can be cheaper than phone calling. Texting helps to save time. Even if you want to send a message to 100 people, you can do it one second. Texting helps you to “talk” to someone when he is too busy to answer the phone. Texting can also help you to “talk” to someone secretly if you don’t want others to hear what you are talking on the phone. These advantages are so amazing that many people are crazy about it. They hold mobile phones in hands all day long, send dozens of messages each day, and even text while driving or walking.
However, texting has its disadvantages. Junk messages may come into your mobile phone box now and then. When your phone box gets too full, you can’t receive any more messages. You may therefore miss some important information.
What’s more, if you don’t do texting properly, for example texting while driving or walking, it can be dangerous. It can cause injuries and even death. It was reported that about 6,000 people were killed and half a million were injured for this reason each year. In Fort Lee, a small town in New Jersey, USA, three people died because they walked into traffic while texting in 2011. Two researchers at Stony Brook University, New York found that texters are 60% more probably to have an accident than others. When people are texting, they don’t notice other people or things around them. To reduce traffic accidents, all drivers of the UN are now not allowed to text while driving. About 32 countries have passed laws restricting the use of mobile phones while driving.
Texting is a wonderful way of communication. However, only when we use it properly, can we fully enjoy the fun it brings.
小题1:How many advantages of texting are mentioned in the passage?
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
| A．Texters are easier to have an accident. |
| B．Texting is a good way of communication. |
| C．6,000 people were killed and injured. |
| D．Many people text to greet families and friends. |
| A．not telling | B．not allowing | C．enjoying | D．making |
| A．we should do less texting |
| B．texting has many advantages |
| C．texting is better than phone calling |
| D．we should do texting properly |
Apple’s products are the envy of the world. They have been spectacularly successful and are widely imitated, if not copied. The minute Apple crystallizes a product, everyone knows how to compete. This idea that the basis of competition is set by Apple and then the race is on to climb the path of improvement is unquestionable. When Apple releases a product that defines a category or dramatically changes the structure of an industry, it becomes obvious what needs to be built. But what I wonder is why everyone wants to copy Apple’s products but nobody wants to copy being Apple?
I can think of two reasons. Firstly, Apple is not worth copying because it’s not successful; secondly, Apple’s success cannot be copied because it is a magical process.
There is a great deal of evidence for the first hypothesis. The idea of Apple being successful is not something reflected in its stock price. Being valued lower than the average company in the S&P（标准普尔）500 indicates that to whatever degree Apple was successful in the past, it’s not seen by the vast majority of observers as successful in the future. Why should one bother copying Apple if it results in being punished with a low valuation? If one works really hard at innovation and then that innovation becomes commoditized（商品化）very quickly, why should one bother?
When innovation practitioners are asked what makes Apple successful,the answers regarding the cause of this success border on the mythical.The climax of this hypothesis is the “chief-sorcerer”theory of success which places one magician,like Steve Jobs,in charge of casting all the right spells（符咒）
What about Apple’s own opinion of what makes it tick? Tim Cook refers to a great team and integration of hardware, software and services as unique Apple advantages. It’s a better explanation. Integration is something that can take a long time, but it is possible with great effort. A few companies are starting to make moves in that direction, but efforts are half-hearted. There is no “move the Earth” panic to become an integrated company from Samsung, Google or Microsoft.
My own suspicion is that Apple is more aware of what makes it special than it lets out. However, as Tim points out, it’s not a formula. It’s complex, it’s subtle, but it’s not magic. It’s a process that requires a degree of faith and courage.
小题1:When a new product of Apple comes out, often it ______.
| A．starts a revolution of an industry |
| B．ruins an industry dramatically |
| C．puts itself in an unbeatable position |
| D．is soon overtaken by imitated products |
| A．Apple is not a successful company |
| B．they have no access to relevant resources |
| C．it’s hard to find a magician like Steve Jobs |
| D．being Apple takes more than time and efforts |
| A．other companies are dedicated to integration |
| B．Apple itself is fully aware of its unique advantages |
| C．Apple will hold the leading position in this industry |
| D．other companies don’t have a great team as Apple does |
| A．Doubtful | B．Acceptable |
| C．Unbelievable | D．Disappointing |
最新试题
- 1一物体初速度为零，先以大小为a1的加速度做匀加速运动，后以大小为a2的加速度做匀减速运动直到静止．整个过程中物体的位移为
- 2--Thank God you are safe! ---I stepped back , just _________
- 3阅读理解。 最妙的是下点小雪呀。看吧，山上的矮松越发的青黑，树尖上_______着一髻儿白花，象些日本看护妇。山尖全白
- 4读世界某区域海水表层盐度（‰）分布图，回答：甲处盐度较低的原因是：A．蒸发较弱B．降水较多C．位于河口D．波浪影响
- 5I just can’t________ them waiting for such a long time.A．thi
- 631. ______ is no doubt that the media play a major role in i
- 7“早穿皮袄午穿纱，围着火炉吃西瓜”所描述的气候类型是（ ）A．高原山地气候B．温带大陆性气候C．热带季风气候D．温带季
- 8恩格尔系数表示家庭日常饮食开支占家庭消费总支出的比例，它反映了居民家庭的实际生活水平，各种类型的恩格尔系数如下表所示：家
- 9如图所示，等腰三角形的通电闭合线框abc处在匀强磁场中，它受到磁场力的合力（ ）A．竖直向上B．方向垂直于ac斜向上C
- 10法国文学家雨果写道：“两个强盗走进圆明园，一个抢了东西，一个放了火。……这两个胜利者把口袋装满……他们手拉手，笑嘻嘻地回
热门考点
- 1修改后的《选举法》规定：人口再少的民族，也要有一名代表。这说明我国解决民族问题，处理好民族关系的一个总原则是A．民族平等
- 2现有A、B、C、D、E、F六种物质，加热暗紫色固体A，反应生成B、C、D，黑色固体E在D中燃烧生成一种能使澄清石灰水变浑
- 3如图，是一个正方体纸盒的展开图，按虚线折成正方体后，相对面上的两个数互为相反数，则a，b，c所表示的数分别是（ ）
- 4目前我国植被面临严峻的形势，为使我们的祖国更加绿意盎然，你觉得我们中学生应该做点什么？答：______．
- 5如图所示，水平传送带A、B两端点相距x=4m，以υ0=4m/s的速度（始终保持不变）顺时针运转，今将一小煤块（可视为质点
- 6阅读下列材料：材料一 中国欲自强，则莫如学习外国利器；欲学习外国利器，则莫如觅制器之器，师其法而不必尽用其人。——李鸿章
- 7我国地势最低的省份是[ ]A、山东省 B、安徽省 C、江苏省 D、广东省
- 8“神州七号”飞船总重约为8190000克，用科学记数法表示为 _________ 克，有 _________ 个有效数字
- 9Edith Cavell was born in a little English village. She was a
- 10把下列词语补充完整。 精___锐___ 心___力___ 昏___花___