题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods comes largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws(内部规则) while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration(定量) of disasters.
We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive without this source of revenue(收益). The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!
Another thing we mustn’t forget is the ‘small ads.’ which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the ‘hatch(giving birth), match and dispatch’ column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or ‘agony’ column(读者来信专栏). No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It’s the best advertisement for advertising there is!
小题1:What is main idea of this passage?
A.Advertisements. |
B.Advertisements bring fun to readers. |
C.Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. |
D.The costs of advertisements. |
A.appreciative. | B.trustworthy. | C.critical | D.dissatisfactory. |
A.Because advertisers often brag(自夸). |
B.Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”. |
C.Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. |
D.Because customers pay more. |
A.Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything. |
B.We can buy what we want. |
C.Good quality products don’t need to be advertised. |
D.Advertisement makes our life colorful. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:A
小题4:C
解析
试题分析:文章以因果、对比的手法写出有没有广告的后果及广告的真正作用。文章首先指出广告商遭批评的原因:广告商夸大和人们认为广告浪费钱财、商品价格就高;然后作者以有无广告的后果突出其功能,没有广告,商品价更高,生活单调、乏味。有了广告,商品价低,生活丰富多彩,人们获取各种信息。
小题1:主旨题:作者从三方面来叙述广告作用:第二段点出如果广告不为产品开辟广大的市场,我们就得付出很多钱,正是因为大量的广告费用,消费者的商品才会那么便宜。广告除销售商品外,其重要的功能在通知/告诉信息,有关家用商品的许多只是来自广告,还有新产品的介绍。第三段讲了美化环境功能。如果火车站的墙上和报上没有广告,那会怎么样。一幅悦人心目,机智的广告将改变一切。第四段讲了它为我们省钱:别忘了广告对我们口袋作出积极的贡献。报纸、电台、电视台公司没有这笔收入很难生存。我们的报纸,我们付给很少,或者说,我们能享受那么多的节目完全是因为广告商花的钱。如果要我们付报纸的全价,那我们要花多少钱!最后一段讲了各种专栏的功能。人们可以在这些栏目找工作、买卖房子、宣布婚丧嫁娶信息。这些都围着一个中心:广告对社会服务的有用性。选C。
小题2:作者态度题:作者提出种种功能,是为了反驳第一段内提到的论点:完全是非生产企业每年吸收几百万镑,这说明这些大公司利润有多高。最重要的是消费者付的广告费等。反驳更说明了A项:欣赏/赞赏。
小题3:细节题:从第一段的句子:Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always getting criticism. Their critics(批评家)seem to resent(对...不满) them because they have a gift for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around.可知批评家经常批评广告商,因为广告商常常爱自夸, B. 因为批评者认为广告浪费钱。 C. 因为广告促使消费者购买不必要的东西。 D. 因为消费者支付更多。选A。
小题4:细节题:C项说:优质产品不需要广告。而实际上一切产品都需要广告,新产品、老产品都需要。A. 广告对我们的口袋作出贡献。 B. 我们可以买到我们所需的。 D. 广告使我们生活丰富多彩。这三条都提到也是真实的。选C。
核心考点
试题【Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they’re always getting cri】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Yet Americans do value their personal space and privacy. A Brazilian expatriate (侨民) who dropped in on her usually friendly Connecticut neighbors unannounced got the clear impression she should have called first. Similarly while a typical suburban home features large, shared areas, such as an open-plan kitchen and family room or “den”, ample private space is also allowed in the floor plan. A visit to a family home in the evening would likely find the family members dispersed, each independently watching TV, on the phone, surfing the Internet, or otherwise recharging batteries in the privacy of their own bedroom.
American individualism, expansiveness, and abundance are expressed in lifestyle. Despite the fact that the average household size has declined over the past thirty years from3.1 people to 2.6 people per household, the average size of a new family home increased during the same period from 1,500 to 2,200 square feet.
A common observation is just how outsized everything is. The beds are king-sized, the TVs have giant screens, the burgers are “whoppers (庞然大物),” appliances are “industrial” size. The largest popcorn or soda at the movies can be “supersized.” Closets are “walk in,” and some cars are the size of a military vehicle.
小题1:The passage suggests that Americans__________.
A.are rich enough to afford large size houses and luxurious electricity appliances |
B.are very shy when talking about keeping their privacy and their personal space |
C.would like to express their lifestyles in public to show them off |
D.enjoy openness as well as individualism although they seem to contradict each other |
A.Because the average size of a new house has increased during the past thirty years. |
B.Because Americans often use European-style net curtains to screen out nosy neighbors. |
C.Because many houses are equipped with walk-in closets. |
D.Because the house size, outsized household furniture and independent living habits have proved it. |
A.filling a battery with electrical power |
B.recovering your strength and energy by resting for a while |
C.changing your batteries again |
D.obtaining new batteries because old ones are running out |
A.will be deeply impressed by their family get-together scene |
B.will be invited to a party which is well-prepared |
C.will find family members scattered, and enjoying themselves individually |
D.will be warmly welcomed even if they don’t get informed of your visit earlier |
While repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers’ spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact.
“Background music, or ‘muzak’, can be used by marketers to impose cultures—such as the commercialization of Christmas—onto consumers and influence their behaviour, ”experts said.
Dr. Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said, “Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control your shopping habits in a way that you might hardly be aware of.”
“Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.”
Dr. Bradshaw and Prof Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour.
It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example.
Some providers of background music have been known to promote their services by claiming they can boost profits by controlling the behaviour of customers.
“A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,” Dr Bradshaw said.
Background music is often classed as “Muzak” in honor of the Seattle-based company which began producing its soft-sounding melodies in the 1930s.
小题1:According to Dr. Bradshaw, in what ways does Christmas music influence customers?
①their mood ②their income ③their sense of time ④the sort of products they buy
A.①②③ | B.①③④ | C.②③④ | D.①②④ |
A.let customers spend more time shopping |
B.make customers and sales assistants relaxed |
C.let customers enjoy the beautiful music |
D.help customers find what they really want |
A.Classical music. | B.Popular modern songs. |
C.Folk songs. | D.Jazz music. |
The Chinese tradition of raising sons to support parents in their old age has been weakened by the rapidly growing economy and improving standard of living. As is the case with more and more developed countries, China faces an aging society. People are living longer and having fewer children. Therefore, many Chinese families are falling into a 4-2-1 family pattern: a couple raises one child and supports four elderly parents. But few realize that a problem is likely to happen ahead.
The aging of the population is a trend that now affects a growing number of countries. Not long ago, the Information Office of the State Council, China’s cabinet, issued a white paper on measures China is taking to help its elderly population. The paper said China’s population entered the aging period at the end of the 20th century and the proportion of people aged 60 and above accounted for over 10 percent of the entire population. By the end of 2005, China had nearly 144 million people over 60, accounting for 11 percent of population, according to the white paper.
An expanding aged population inevitably means that many issues must be settled, as the problem concerns every aspect of society. It puts more pressure on each family, causing disturbing economic consequences and serious social problems. It also challenges the labor force supply and the pension system.
“I used to think that it’s not an issue for me to provide for the aged,” said Wang, whose parents and parents-in-law all enjoy pensions and medical insurance. But last year Wang’s father suffered a serious illness and afterward Wang began to feel the pressure on his shoulders.
After his father recovered, Wang opened bank accounts for each parent and deposited some money into the account every month to prepare for future uncertainties. In addition, he has to save money every month to provide for his son’s future education. “I’m now breaking my back working to support my family: saving pensions for the parents, my son’s education funds, and living costs.”
Wang also bought some commercial old-age insurance for himself. “We have to take precautions before it is too late, and many of my colleagues share the same view,” he said.
小题1: Which of the following is not caused by an aging society?
A.Social problem |
B.The problem of the pension system |
C.More pressure on the family |
D.Unemployment |
A.the aging people problem is one of the concerns for the Chinese government |
B.China will encourage young couples to have more than one child |
C.many people have realized the problem of aging society |
D.children will not support their parents in an aging society |
A.Surprisingly | B.Certainly | C.Hopefully | D.Unluckily |
A.China is the only country to face an aging society |
B.Most of the developing countries face an aging society |
C.countries with a large population face an aging society |
D.more and more developed countries face an aging society |
In an unregulated Internet world, cheating, violence or rumors can ____ serious consequences. Many countries across the world are periodically suffering from “rumors” ____ by the Internet and social media.
The US-led West always promotes Internet freedom and ____ any regulation as investigation, but it should think twice if it calculates the heavy price that has been and has to be paid for “____”. Moreover, ____ the Internet in the West ____ to be free, with no obvious ____ and no limited sites, isn’t the structure of the main pages already hand-controlled, with selected press agencies and ____ occupying clearly dominating (显著的) positions?
The Internet has helped fight injustice, ____ corruption in places so far apart as Indonesia, India and Latin America. But the Internet could be extremely ____ as well. Various racist or separatist organizations are using their Internet sites to fan ____. Those who are spreading hate are frequently using the Internet as their tool. No country can ____ to make the Internet absolutely free.
The question is how to keep free flow of information ____ while protecting children from unhealthy works, common citizens from ____ rumors and countries from unfair and damaging propaganda (宣传) attacks. And who sets the limits?
The ____ is that there will never be a perfect system. Every country will have to ____ its own system, based on its culture, social ____ and the degree of danger it’s facing.
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Workaholism can be a serious problem.Because true workaholics would rather work than do anything else, they probably don"t know
how to relax; that is, they might not enjoy movies, sports, or other
types of entertainment.Most of all, they hate to sit and do nothing.The lives of workaholics are usually stressful, and this tension and worry can cause health problems such as heart attacks or stomach ulcers.In addition, typical workaholics don"t pay much attention to their
families.They spend little time with their children, and their marriages may end in divorce.
Is workaholism always dangerous? Perhaps not.There are, certainly, people who work well under stress.Some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in life.Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy.For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing.Their jobs provide them with a challenge; this keeps them busy and creative.
Why do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? There are several advantages to work.It provides people with paychecks, and this is important.But it offers more than financial security It provides people with self-confidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction when they have produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say," I made that." Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity; by working, they get a sense of self and individualism.In addition, most jobs provide people with a socially acceptable way to meet others.
小题1:A workaholic is a person who____.
A.tends to work long hours |
B.behaves in a strange way |
C.has to do many social jobs |
D.holds high social positions |
A.Being late. |
B.Being lazy. |
C.Being hopeless. |
D.Being unhealthy. |
A.live a hard life |
B.regard work as something enjoyable |
C.like to be under stress |
D.are good at both work and entertainment |
a. popularity b. satisfaction c. good payment
d. self-confidence e. higher positions f. social acceptation
A.a; b; d; e | B.b; c; e; f | C.a; c; d; f | D.b; c; d; f |
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