题目
题型：0113 期末题难度：来源：
lost a great deal of blood in the accident. However, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for you.
If the blood is too different from your own, the transfusion could kill you.
There are four basic types of blood; A, B, AB, and O. A simple test can make sure of a person"s blood type.
Everybody is born with one of these four types of blood. Blood type, like hair color and height, is received from
parents.
The four groups must be transfused carefully. A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but
AB may receive A or B. O can give to any other group; therefore, it is often called the universal donor (万能捐
赠者). For the opposite reason, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient (接受者). However, because so
many reactions (反应) can happen in transfusions (输血), patients usually receive only salt of plasma (liquid
part of blood) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible in the blood bank of a hospital. In this
way, it is possible to prevent the transfusion from any bad reactions.
B. B
C. O
D. all of the three
B. a mixture of salt, plasma and type O
C. type AB
D. exactly the same type as your own
B. can receive blood of any other type
C. can give blood to anybody
D. cannot give blood to others
B. Differences Between Blood Types
C. Man"s Four Types of Blood
D. How to Give Blood Transfusion
B. AB is the mixture of A and B.
C. AB is called the universal recipient because it can receive any other group.
D. In transfusions, patients usually receive only salt of plasma at first.
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 You have been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
can make sounds to warn their young of danger. They have their own way to make the young birds do certain
things.
The jackdaw is a kind of blackbirds that lives in Europe. Jackdaws live together in flocks (群). Young
jackdaws do not know their enemies. When an older jackdaw sees a dog, it makes a loud rattling (格格响的)
sound. The younger birds know this sound means an enemy is nearby. The sound warns them to know their
enemies.
If a young jackdaw is in a dangerous place, a jackdaw parent flies over him from behind. The parent bird
flies low over the young bird"s back. The parent"s tail feathers (羽毛) move quickly from side to side. It is
trying to say, "Follow me."
At the same time, the parent calls out, "Key-aw, key-aw." The parent means, "Fly home with me." The
young bird then follows the older home.
Young jackdaws do not have to learn what certain sounds mean. They know the meaning of these sounds
from the time they hatch.
B. Australia
C. America
D. Africa
B. makes a loud sound
C. flies away
D. fights the dog
B. Dogs are the most dangerous enemies for jackdaws.
C. Young jackdaws know the meaning of their parents" sound when they grow older.
D. Some birds can give certain information to one another.
managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever
since.
The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer
Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20000 light years ago).
Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get
valuable information as to feasibility (可行性) of a manned flying saucer (碟) landing on Earth. A press
conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology.
"We have come to the conclusion, based on last week"s satellite landing," Prof. Zog said, "that there is no
life on Earth."
"How do you know this?" the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked.
"For one thing, Earth"s surface in the area of Manhattan is made up of solid concrete and nothing can grow
there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) and other deadly gases and
nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive."
"What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?"
"We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than originally
planned."
"Are there any other dangers that you discovered in your studies?"
"Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud hovering (盘旋) over the surface of Earth? We
don"t know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have further tests before we
send a Venus Being there."
"Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicates it is polluted and the
water is unfit to drink. This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight
to the saucer."
"If all you say is true, won"t this set back the flying saucer program several years?"
"Yes, but we shall continue as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds." Prof. Zog replied.
to _____.
B. the possibility of making a first-rate flying saucer
C. the feasibility of sending a Venus Being to Earth
D. the possibility of directing a flying saucer into Manhattan
their flying saucer program because _____.
B. the Earth"s atmosphere is filled with deadly gases
C. there is a low level of oxygen for Venusians
D. there is no air on the planet of Earth
B. the mass of tiny drops of water floating above Earth
C. the mass of small things moving through the air
D. the dark clouds gathering before a storm breaks
on like this
B. that there is a point in spending billions to land a flying saucer on Earth
C. that pollution has become so serous a problem on Earth that even Venusians find life there unbearable.
D. that it is difficult if not altogether impossible, to land a manned flying saucer on Earth
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatures-learn to do things because
certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely
believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological
(生理的) "drive" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort
of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with
no reward except the successful outcome.
Paousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to
carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a
baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with
clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children"s response in situation where no milk was provided.
He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the
movement"switched on a display of lights-and indeed that they were able to learn quite complicated turns to
bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek"s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation
that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when
the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it
was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a
fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success
D. will satisfy their curiosity
B. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
C. would continue the simple movements without being given milk
D. would turn its head to right or life when it had enough to drink
B. be rewarded with milk
C. please their parents
D. be praised
B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
C. their strong desire to solve complex problem
D. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. 1_____. We want our food to be a certain coldness
in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don"t feel well, we use a thermometer
to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in
the summer.
Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the
Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale. Both systems use the freezing and
boiling points of water as their guide. 2_____.
The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水银) inside a clear glass tube. As
mercury (or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts (收缩). That is
why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube. 3_____.
First. Take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in
the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw
(吸管) through the nail hole. 4_____.
Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the
water lever easily. 5_____.
As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down.
Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.
lives.
B. Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are
heated or cooled.
C. Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.
D. The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise
even higher.
E. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212
degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100degrees.
F. Take wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt some of it right where the straw is
struck into the cap to seal (把..粘住) them together.
G. People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.
This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.
So, you have to give a speech-and you"re terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say,
you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, "Thank goodness,
it"s over. I"m just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again."
Cheer up! It doesn"t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech
making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then,
gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend
plenty of time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples
as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they will help you make your points more clearly. Never
forget your audience. Don"t talk over their heads, and don"t talk down to them. Treat your audience with
respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.
Just remember: be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you
have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-
person contact with your audience.
If you follow these simple steps, you"ll see that you don"t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact,
you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You"re not convinced
yet? Give it a try and see what happens.
B. a poor speaker can never change
C. always make a short speech
D. it is hard to make a speech
B. many people are happy to give a speech
C. many people do not prepare for a speech
D. many people talk too long
B. look at the ceiling
C. look down upon them
D. use words and ideas that are too difficult
B. a lecturer does not need to organize his speech
C. research is important in preparing a speech
D. there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability
B. How to Give a Good Speech
C. How to Prepare for a Speech
D. Try to Enjoy a Speech
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