题目
题型：安徽省模拟题难度：来源：
(FMRI) to assess brain activity when 40 volunteers were shown various images. Men showed activity in
areas which dealt with what action they should take in order to avoid or face up to danger. But the study
found more activity in the emotional centers of women"s brains. The researchers, from another university,
carried out scans on 21 men and 19 women. Brain activity was monitored while the volunteers were shown
images of objects and images from ordinary life designed to remind different emotional states.
The images were displayed in two runs. For the first run, only negative pictures were shown. For the
second run, only positive pictures were shown.
While viewing the negative images, women showed stronger and broader activity in the left thalamus (神
经床). This is an area which passes sense information to the pain-pleasure centers of the brain. Men showed
more activity in an area of the brain called the left insula (脑岛), which plays a key role in controlling natural
functions, including breath, heart rate and digestion. Generally, activity in this area tells the body to either run
away from danger, or meet it head on the so-called "fight or flight response".
While viewing positive images, women showed stronger activity in an area of the brain associated with
memory. With men, the stronger activity was recorded in an area associated with visual processing.
Dr. Urbanik believes these differences suggest women may analyze positive stimuli (刺激) in a broader social
context and associate positive images with a particular memory. For instance, viewing a picture of a smiling
child might remind memorjes of a woman"s own child at this age. On the contrary, male responses tend to be
less emotional.
B. ordinary life
C. different activities
D. medical scan
B. women usually try to avoid it
C. men usually have no reaction
D. men react to it more directly
B. The different responses to the children
C. Different reactions to positive stimuli
D. Negative results of the visual processing
B. by comparing
C. by listing examples
D. by giving explanations
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解。 A team from Krakow, in Poland, used functional magnetic resonance imag】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
put yourself on top, you might want to guess again.
In a test that challenged participants to remember numbers, a young chimp performed better than Japanese
college students.
Here"s how the test worked. At Kyoto University in Japan, human students and chimpanzee participants
sat in front of a computer. Five numbers, ranging from 1 to 9,were combined with one another and then, they
appeared at random places on the screen.
The numbers stayed on the screen for less than a second. In the first test, for example, participants saw
the numbers for 650 milliseconds (about two-thirds of a second).
Then, each number disappeared and they saw a white square instead. Participants had to touch the squares
in numerical order, based on the numbers that had been there a moment before.
In this test, the students touched the boxes in the correct order about 80 percent of the time. A young
chimp named Ayumu performed equally well.
During a harder test, participants were only able to see the numbers for 210 milliseconds.
This time, students only succeeded in putting the boxes in the correct order about 40 percent of the time.
But Ayumu still could select the boxes in the right order nearly 80 percent of the time.
Some people have what"s called a "photographic memory," which allows them to remember a surprising
number of details after just a quick glimpse of something. Ayumu"s memory might work in a similar way, says
lead researcher Tetsuro Matsuzawa.
The chimp"s young age might have something to do with his impressive perfomance, too. In previous tests,
the Japanese researchers found that young chimps perfomed better than their mothers.
The scientists are interested to see whether Ayumu loses his strong memory as he gmws older. They already
know that young children sometimes have sharp memories when offered something photographical, but they
lose this ability over time.
| Topic | A (1)_____ competition between human beings and chimps | |||||||||||||||||
| Purpose | To judge whose memory is better | |||||||||||||||||
| The (2)_____ of the first test | ◆ A chimp and some Japanese students participated in the competition and sat before a computer. ◆ Different (3)_____ of five numbers appeared on the screen ◆ Each of the number was (4)_____ by a white square. | |||||||||||||||||
| The results of the second test | ◆ Students (5)_____ to put the boxes in the right order about 40% of the time. ◆ Ayumu got the right order (6)_____ the time of the students". | |||||||||||||||||
| Conclusion | ◆ Some people have "photographic memory", (7)______ some people to remember numbers after they (8)______ at something. ◆ The chimps have the similar (9)______ to human beings". ◆ Young children, just like chimps, have strong memory but they"ll lose it when they (10)______. | |||||||||||||||||
| 阅读理解。 | ||||||||||||||||||
| I believe that animals possess greater intelligence than most people think But plants? I"ve never considered the possibility of plant intelligence. The idea seems absurd. Yet I"ve had friends argue that plant intelligence might exist. "What are the differences between plants and animals?" they ask, and then they argue about certain species that seem to share the intelligence of both plants and animals. New research suggests that plants communicate via "networks". Plant communication is not idea, and cannot indicate that it is a kind of intelligence, but it is still interesting. Recent research from Vidi researcher Josef Stuefer at the Radboud University Nijmegen shows that plants have their own chat systems that they can use to warn each other. Therefore plants are not boring and passive organisms that just stand there waiting to be cut down or eaten up; many plants form internal communication networks and are able to exchange information networks and are able to exchange information efficiently. Many herbal plants such as strawberries and clovers (三叶草) naturally form networks. Individual plants remam connected with each other for a certain period of time by means of runners (plant stems that grow along the ground and put down roots to form new plants). These connections enable the plants to share information with each other via intemal channels. They are therefore very similar to computer networks. But what do plants chat to each other about? Recently Stuefer and his colleagues were the first to prove that clover plants warn each other via the network links if danger is nearby. If one of the plants is attacked by caterpillars (毛虫), the other members of the network are warned via an internal signal. Once warned the intact (完好无损的) plants strengthen their chemical and mechanical (机体的) resistance so that they are less attractive to advancing caterpillars. Thanks to this early warning system, the plants can stay one step ahead of their attackers. The research has shown that this significantly limits the damage to the plants. Again, I don"t believe this reflects intelligence, but it"s certainly fascinating. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1. The author thinks that the plant communication _____. | ||||||||||||||||||
| [ ] | ||||||||||||||||||
| A. is absolutely a new idea B. is a sign of plant intelligence C. is related to animal communication D. is interesting and fascinating | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2. Clover plants warn each other when danger is nearby by _____. | ||||||||||||||||||
| [ ] | ||||||||||||||||||
| A. making sounds B. releasing chemicals C. strengthening mechanical resistance D. sending internal signals | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3. Which of the following statements about the research is NOT true? | ||||||||||||||||||
| [ ] | ||||||||||||||||||
| A. Most plants have no chat system and are passive organisms. B. Individual plants can also remain connected with each other. C. The communication between clover plants can protect them from damage. D. The research is the first to show how clover plants warn each other. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 4. The author"s attitude towards plant intelligence is _____. | ||||||||||||||||||
| [ ] | ||||||||||||||||||
| A. unconcerned B. doubtful C. positive D. hopeful | ||||||||||||||||||
| 5. What"s the best title for the passage? | ||||||||||||||||||
| [ ] | ||||||||||||||||||
| A. Does Plant Communication Really Exist? B. Some Discoveries About Clover Plant. C. Does Plant Communication Imply Intelligence? D. A New Study on Plant Communication. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Direaions: Read the following Passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the in formation from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each blank. | ||||||||||||||||||
| If you are a mother and you have to give up your dream of receiving higher education due to the need to raise a family. Yet always keep that dream in the back of your mind while a tight schedule of lack of funding (资金) keeps you from pursuing it, then President Barack Obama may be able to help. He is offering education money to help those women who pursue their dreams. The aid, in the form of a $10,100 scholarship, is meant for stay-at-home moms, single mothers, and other women who want to go back to school. With this scholarship, the mom doing the studying will not have to work while going to school because the education will be paid for. Busy schedules are always an issue with mothers, but online education is available, which definitely frees up time that would otherwise be spent on the commute (往返路程) to and from class. All American women have access to the scholarship, which does not have to be paid back as student loans do. If you"re wondering how going back to school could be beneficial to you, the answer is many ways. Such an education may give you the skills necessary to pursue the career you"ve been dreaming of, and you will be able to bring in more income to support your family. It will also make you feel more confident. Just think how nice that new diploma (毕业文凭) would look in one of your rooms, and how great you will feel as you are heading off to your first day at a new job! It will also make your children look up to you, and give them the courage to pursue their own dreams. Take advantage of the scholarship now, because it won"t last forever, especially with money tighter than ever during this economic recession (经济衰退). | ||||||||||||||||||
|