You don"t need millions to be happy. In fact, at The Happiness Institute in Australia, a couple of hundred
dollars may be enough.
The institute opened its doors last year, and, since then, men and women of all ages have been paying A
$ 200 an hour (US $140) for lessons on how to feel great.
" You can actually increase your happiness levels. That"s what we teach," said Timothy Sharp, founder
of the institute.
Experts say that only about 15 percent of happiness comes from income, assets and other financial factors. As much as 85 percent comes from things such as attitude, life control and relationships.
Most of us are significantly better off financially than our parents and grandparents, but happiness levels
haven"t changed to reflect that.
Studies show that once the basic needs of shelter and food are met, additional wealth adds very little to
happiness. Many decades ago, the "sage of Baltimore, Maryland", editor HL Mencken, defined wealth as
earning US $100 more than your “wife"s sister"s husband.”
Behavioral economists now say part of the reason we are richer but not happier is because we compare
ourselves to people better off materially.
"The argument is that if you want to be happy there"s a very simple thing you can do: Compare yourself
to people who are less well off than you- poorer, smaller house, car," said Sharp.
The Happiness Institute aims to show you how to overcome these unhappiness factors by focusing on
" more than just your bank account."
"If I compare myself to Bill Gates then I"m always going to be down," said Sharp.
A better thing to compare with, he said, might be Kerry Packer, Australia"s richest person who has had
a kidney transplant and heart surgery in recent years.
B. Most of us are happier than our parents or grandparents since we earn more.
C. Earning US $100 more than your wife"s sister"s husband if you want to be happy.
D. Both Bill Gates and Kerry Packer are examples of those who are extremely rich but obviously unhappy.
B. 450
C. 350
D. 250
B. unhealthy
C. free
D. wealthy
B. wealth is the foundation of happiness
C. have fun at the Happiness Institute
D. money doesn"t always mean happiness
Childhood is a happy time, right? Not necessarily. Consider these facts.
Depression may occur in as many as 1 in 33 children.
Once a child has an episode(一段情节) of depression, he or she has a 50 percent chance of experiencing
another episode in the next 5 years.
Suicide(自***) is the 6th leading cause of death for 5-to-15-year-olds.
If your child experiences 5 or more of these signs or symptoms (症状) for at least 2 weeks, he or she
may be experiencing depression or another mental illness.
Feeling-Does your child demonstrate: Sadness Emptiness Hopelessness Guilt Worthlessness Lack of
enjoyment in everyday pleasures
Thinking-Is your child having trouble: Concentrating Making decisions Completing schoolwork Maintaining
grades Maintaining friendships
Physical problems-Does your child complain of: Headaches Stomachaches Lack of energy Sleeping
problems ( too much or too little) Weight or appetite changes ( gain or loss )
Suicide risk-Does your child talk or think about: Suicide Death Other morbid (生病的) subjects
Behavior problems-Is your child: Irritable Not wanting to go to school Wanting to be alone most of the
time Having difficulty getting along with others Cutting classes or skipping school Dropping out of sports,
hobbies or other activities Drinking alcohol or using drugs. Sometimes, a child who causes problems at school
or at home may actually be depressed, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry. If you think your child may be depressed, it"s important to have your child treated. Discuss your
child"s problems with his or her doctor. The doctor may suggest a referral to a children"s psychologist (心
理医生) or psychiatrist (精神病医生). Treatment may include individual and family therapy (治疗), along
with an antidepressant medication (抗抑郁药).
B. teachers
C. children
D. psychologists
B. The child always feels tired but sleeps only four hours a day.
C. The child hates to study.
D. The child can not concentrate on one thing for a long period.
B. may have suicide risk
C. may have behavior problems
D. may have physical problems
B. Ask them to take antidepressant immediately.
C. Go to see the doctor.
D. Ask them to have a good rest.
In fact, they warn, drinking too much water could be, in certain cases, harmful.
In a study, Dr Stanly Goldfarb and Dr Dan Negoianu, both of the Renal, Electrolyte and Hypertension
Division at the University of Pensylvania, the United States, have denied the popular belief that drinking a lot
of water clears body toxins (毒素) better, improves skin, and helps reduce weight.
Dr Goldfarb and Dr Negoianu say that they found little proof to back the public opinion that drinking 8
glasses of water every day benefits health. At the same time, they fond little proof of harm in drinking 8
glasses of water every day.
It is widely believed that in some cases, such as athletes, people who live in hot, dry environments, and
those with certain medical conditions-drinking a lot of water indeed helps, but no studies have been done to
prove the benefits of this practice in average, healthy people, the website medheadlines.com reports.
The study at the University of Pennsylvania also examined reports that some people experienced increased
headaches when their consumption (消耗) of water was low. In one small study, which the doctors reviewed,
the group drinking the most water reported fewer headaches than the control group,"but the difference in the
number of headaches was so small between the two groups as to be considered unimportant."
The researchers concluded that there is no scientific proof to support that average, healthy people need to
drink at least 8 glasses of water each day. The website medheadlines.com says that, according to an Indian
doctor, drinking too much water is harmful. If water enters the body more quickly than it can be removed,
problems can occur.
B. Whether to drink enough water makes no difference.
C. Drinking too much water may cause headaches.
D. Average, healthy people should drink more water.
B. The Indian doctor.
C. The general public.
D. The website.
B. the study was carried out by two experts with an Indian doctor
C. the two experts performed the study at the University of Pennsylvania
D. drinking 8 glasses of water every day can cure certain diseases
learn, and many scientists are interested in finding ways to improve both teaching and learning processes.
Sian Beilock and Susan Leving, two psychologists at the University of Chicago, are trying to learn
about learning. In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, Beilock and Levine
found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a
female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to
believe that boys are better than girls at math."If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in
later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement," Levine told Science News. The
study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these
girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult
to learn-and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone.
The new study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first-and second-grade teachers in elementary
schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school
year, and the researchers compared the scores. The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether
the students believed a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers: To
find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times
when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at
the numbers on a sales receipt, for example, was probably anxious about math.
Boys, on average, were unaffected by a teacher"s anxiety. On average, girls with math-anxious teachers
scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus, on the test showing
whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy, 20 girls showed feeling that boys would be
better at math-and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers with math anxiety.
According to surveys done before this one, college students who want to become elementary school
teachers have the highest levels of anxiety about math. Plus, nine of every 10 elementary teachers are
women, Levine said.
B. study students" ways of learning math
C. prove women teachers are unfit to teach math
D. find better teaching methods for teachers
B. study the ways their female teachers behave
C. have an influence on their math-anxious female teachers
D. gain unexpected achievement in such subjects as math
B. Tell their feelings about math problems.
C. Answer whether a math superstar had to be a boy.
D. Compare the students" scores after the math tests.
B. Almost all the girls got lower scores in the tests than the boys.
C. About 30% of the girls thought boys are better at math than girls.
D. Girls with math-anxious teachers all failed in the math tests.
B. The researchers felt surprised at the findings of their study.
C. Beilock and Levine are interested in teaching math.
D. Men teachers are better at teaching math than women teachers.
killing the seven astronauts on board in what NASA and President Bush called a tragedy for the entire nation.
NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts" remains. It said that
although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. The break-up, 16
minutes before the shuttle was due to land at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, spread possibly toxic debris
(有毒的残骸) over a wide area of Texas and neighboring states.
Dramatic television images of the shuttle"s descent clearly showed several white trails (痕迹) streaking
through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger
shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board.
Take-off and re-entry into Earth"s atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. In 42
years of US" human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing.
Challenger exploded just after take-off.
Rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew, which included the first Israeli to fly on
the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon. There were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long
corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant (推进器).
"We are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains," Nacogdoches County Sheriff
Thomas Kerrs said. He added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they
found remains of crew members.
"The Columbia is lost. There are no survivors, …Their mission was almost complete and we lost them
so close to home. … America"s space program will go on," said a grim-faced Bush in a message broadcast
on television, which included condolences (同情) to the families of the dead astronauts.
B. landing
C. orbiting (绕轨运行)
D. walking down
B. He was the first foreign astronaut to fly on the American shuttle.
C. He used to be a passenger plane pilot.
D. He was the only survivor in the Columbia disaster.
B. both the shuttles exploded when they took off
C. Both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land
D. no human remains were found
B. NASA hasn"t found the cause of the Columbia disaster.
C. Before the Columbia disaster, no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing.
D. Take-off and re-entry into Earth"s atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.
As an experienced photojournalist in Nashville, Tennessee, I was hired by USA Today newspaper to
photograph a spinal bifida (脊柱畸形) corrective surgical procedure. It was to be performed on a
twenty-one week old fetus (胎儿)in uterus (子宫)at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. At that time, in
1999, twenty-one weeks in uterus was the earliest that the surgical team would consider for surgery. The
worst possible outcome would be that the surgery would cause premature delivery, and no child born earlier
than twenty-three weeks had survived.
The tension could be felt in the operating room as the surgery began. A typical C-section incision (切口)
was made to access the uterus, which was then lifted out and laid at the junction of the mother"s thighs
(大腿). The entire procedure would take place within the uterus, and no part of the child was to breach the
surgical opening. During the procedure, the position of the fetus was adjusted by gently manipulating ( 熟练
操作) the outside of the uterus. The entire surgical procedure on the child was completed in one hour and
thirteen minutes. When it was over, the surgical team breathed a sigh of relief, as did I.
As a doctor asked me what speed of film I was using, out of the corner of my eye I saw the uterus
shake, but no one"s hands were near it. It was shaking from within. Suddenly, an entire arm thrust out of the
opening, then pulled back until just a little hand was showing. The doctor reached over and lifted the hand,
which reacted and squeezed the doctor"s finger. As if testing for strength, the doctor shook the tiny fist.
Samuel held firm. I took the picture! Wow! It happened so fast that the nurse standing next to me asked,
"What happened?" "The child reached out," I said. "Oh. They do that all the time," she responded.
The surgical opening to the uterus was closed and the uterus was then put back into the mother and
the C-section opening was closed.
It was ten days before I knew if the picture was even in focus. To ensure no digital manipulation of
images before they see them, USA Today requires that film be submitted (提交) unprocessed. When the
photo editor finally phoned me he said, "It"s the most incredible picture I"ve ever seen."
B. likely for a fetus born 21 weeks to become deformed (畸形的)
C. right time for a fetus born 21 weeks to receive an operation
D. risky for a fetus 21 weeks in uterus to receive an operation
B. demanding and unsuccessful
C. simple and short
D. long-lasting and difficult
B. the arm of the fetus
C. the taking of the picture
D. the head of the fetus
B. satisfied
C. annoyed
D. depressed
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