题目
题型：陕西省同步题难度：来源：
Sometimes, you feel as if you"re on top of the world.But occasionally you feel horrible, and you lose
things and you cannot focus on your schoolwork.
For more than 20 years, scientists have suggested that high selfesteem (自尊) is the key to success.
Now, new research shows that focusing just on building selfesteem may not be helpful.In some cases,
having high selfesteem can bring bad results if it makes you less likeable or more upset when you fail at
something.
"Forget about selfesteem, " says Jennifer Crocker, a psychologist (心理学家) at the University of
Michigan, US, "It"s not the important thing."
Feeling good
Crocker"s advice may sound a bit strange because it is good to feel good about yourself.
Studies show that people with high selfesteem are less likely to be depressed, anxious, shy, or lonely
than those with low selfesteem.
But, after reviewing about 18,000 studies on selfesteem, Roy Baumeister, a psychologist at Florida
State University, has found that building up your selfesteem will not necessarily make you a better person.
He believes that violent and wicked (邪恶的) people often have the highest selfesteem of all.He also
said:"There"s no evidence that kids with high selfesteem do be
tter in school."Problems
All types of people have problems.People with high selfesteem can have big egos (自我) that can
make them less likeable to their peers (同龄人), said Kathleen Vohs, a psychology professor at
Columbia University.
People with high selfesteem tend to think more of themselves, Vohs says.People with low selfesteem
are more likely to rely on their friends when they need help.
What to do
Researchers say it is best to listen to and support other people.Find positive ways to contribute to
society.If you fail at something try to learn from the experience."The best therapy (药方) is to recognize
your faults, " Vohs says."It"s OK to say, I"m not so good at that, and then move on."
B. has taken on a different meaning
C. may not be the key to success
D. does not help you do better at school
B. are more likely to become violent and wicked
C. tend to be proud and do not care much about others
D. often feel depressed and can"t focus on their work
B. with low selfesteem
C. who are still at school
D. who are good at everything
答案
核心考点
举一反三
schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada"s ManitobaProvince, will begin test-launching
(试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik"s cube.
The one-kilogram WinCube satellite,
named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space,it can
perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could
help find the early signs of earthquakes.
There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high school based
program of its kind in Canada, 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand
in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace (航空航天的 )
experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other
organizations.
The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world
engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the
exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challeng-ing program It is
also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing,
building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class
educational project into reality and Manitoba closer
to space.
"These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm,
innovation (创新) ,and a strong love for discovery,"said Education,Citizenship andYouth
Minister Peter Bjornson. "We want to make science more relevant c相关的) ,interesting
and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate
to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case,in space,"Bjornson added.
The Win-Cube program is mainly aimed at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on
the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba"s devotion to research and innovation and
the development of a skilled workforce-all important drivers of knowledge-based economic
growth.
B. intended for international communication
C. designed like a Rubik"s cube both in shape and size
D. challenged by university students around the world
B. the study of space c an be practically made in classrooms
C. Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space
D. scientific research is too far away from high school students
B. relate studies to practical experience
C. help high school students study real-world engineering
D. inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students
B. Win-Cube Program
C. Space Cooperation
D. Satellite Launching
less sure. Quite soon, in only l0 or 20 years, perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex
as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading
in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too
will happen.I think it certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon(硅) will arise first to rival and then
exceed(超越) their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design in a
real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbon"s long control. And
we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe.
As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through
economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves. Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction
of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.
B. By working hard for 10 or 20 years.
C. By either properly programming it or changing its structure.
D. By reproducing i
t.B. He believes that they will control us in the future.
C. He is not quite sure in what way they may influence us.
D. He doesn"t consider the construction of such machines possible.
B. a chemical element
C. an organic substance
D. human beings
B. it is able to bear the rough environment
C. it is made as complex as the human brain
D. its architecture is different from that of the present ones
self-reproduction.
B. with the rapi
d development of technology, people have come to realize the possibility of making amachine with human-like ability
C. once we make a machine as complex as the human brain. it will possess intelligence
D. robots will have control of the vast, man-made world in space
But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up.
A decade ago, adapting the infrared (红外线) scanning technology developed for military
purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the
temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers
precisely target pesticide (***虫剂) s
praying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don"t have pest problems.
Even better, Paley"s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems
before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an
infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a
color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers". Farmers could then spot-spray,
using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley"s company closed down in l984, after only three years. Farmers
resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed
concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get
back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique
can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States", says George Oerther of
Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks
remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley
finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
B. facing an infrared scanner
C. in poor physical condition
D. exposed to excessive sun rays
B. draw a color-coded map
C. measure the size of the affected area
D. locate the problem area
B. consulting infrared scanning experts
C. transforming poisoned rain
D. detecting crop problems at an early date
o .B. its high cost
C. the lack of financial support
D. its failure to help increase production
technology may be brought back into operation because of .B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
C. the forceful promotion by the Dep
artment of AgricultureD. full support from agricultural experts
As many a dog owner will prove, our furry friends are listening. Now, for the doubters, there is
scientific proof that they understand much of what they hear.A border collie called Rico can fetch at least
200 objects by name, researchers in Germany say. The dog also appears to learn words for new objects
as easily as a 3yearold child would.Its wordlearning skill is as good as that of a parrot or chimpanzee.
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them randomly into 20 sets of 10 objects each. The dog waited with one of his owners in one room, while an
experimenter put a set of 10 objects into another room.Then, the owner told the dog to fetch one of the
items. The dog had to go to the other room and bring the object back
In four trials, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. Because the dog couldn"t see anyone to get
visual clues about what to bring back, the scientists concluded that he must understand the meanings of
certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a
room with seven toys whose names he already knew. The dog"s owner then told him to fetch the object,
using a word Rico had never heard.
In 7 out of 10 trials, Rico picked the right object, suggesting that he figured out the answer by process of elimination. A month later,he remembered half of the new names, which further impressed the
researchers.
Rico is probably smarter than the average dog, the scientists say. For one thing, he"s a border collie,
a breed known for its mental abilities.In addition, the 9yearold dog has been trained to retrieve toys by
their names since he was 9 months old.
It"s hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can"t
talk back. Still, it wouldn’t hurt to sweettalk your pup every now and then. You might just get a big, wet
kiss in return!
B. Only a few dogs can talk back to its owner
C. if a chimpanzee is trained, it can a
lso recognize the names of objectsD. All dogs can understand words
B. 3 years.
C. over nine years.
D. more than eight years.
B. picking the right object by process of elimination
C. remembering all of the new names he learned
D. retrieving toys by their names