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     In a memory-based competition between you and a chimp(猩猩); who do you think would win? If
you put yourself on top, you might want to guess again.
     In a test that challenged participants to remember numbers, a young chimp performed better than
Japanese college students.
     Here"s how the test worked. At Kyoto University in Japan, human students and chimpanzee
participants sat in front of a computer. Five numbers, ranging from 1 to 9, were combined with one
another and then, they appeared at random places on the screen.
     The numbers stayed on the screen for less than a second. In the first test, for example, participants
saw the numbers for 650 milliseconds(about two-thirds of a second).
     Then, each number disappeared and they saw a white square instead. Participants had to touch the
squares in numerical order, based on the numbers that had been there a moment before. In this test, the
students touched the boxes in the correct order about 80 percent of the time. A young chimp named
Ayumu performed equally well.
     During a harder test, participants were only able to see the numbers for 210 milliseconds.
     This time, students only succeeded in putting the boxes in the correct order about 40 percent of the
time. But Ayumu still could select the boxes in the fight order nearly 80 percent of the time.
     Some people have what"s called a "photographic memory," which allows them to remember a
surprising number of details after just a quick glimpse of something. Ayumu"s memory might work in a
similar way says lead researcher Tetsuro Matsuzawa.
    The chimp"s young age might have something to do with his impressive performance, too. In previous
tests, the Japanese researchers found that young chimps performed better than their mothers.
     The scientists are interested to see whether Ayumu loses his strong memory as he grows older. They
already know that young children sometimes have sharp memories when offered something photographical, but they lose this ability over time.

Topic	A (1)_________ competition between human beings and chimps
purpose	To judge whose memory is better
The (2)_______ Of the first test	◆A chimp and some Japanese students participated in the competition and sat before a computer. ◆Different (3)________ of five numbers appeared on the screen. ◆Each of the number was (4)________ by a white square.
The results of the second test	◆Students(5)________to put the boxes in the right order about 40% of the time. ◆Ayumu got the right order (6)_________ the time of the students".
conclusion	◆Some people have "photographic memory", (7)_______ some people to remember numbers after they (8)________ at something. ◆The chimps have the similar (9)_________ to human beings". ◆Young children, just like chimps, have strong memory but they"ll lose it when they (10)___________.
1. memory-based  2. procedures (steps)  3. combinations     4. replaced  5. managed 6. twice (double)  7. allowing (enable)   8. glance (glimpse)  9. ability    10. age (grow)
阅读理解
Japanese Students Suffer from Pressure         Last April,15-year-old Rei Iwasaki stopped her piano and flute lessons   and began to study every day of the week. Her parents paid to send her to a   "cram school(灌输式教学模式的学校)."She wanted very much to pass her   exams.          In February she did pass an all-day, five-subject examination and   entered the high school she hoped to enter.          Thirteen-year-old Akio Yoshiwara wasn"t so lucky. Unable to take the   pressure of the exams, he hanged himself in February. He left a suicide note   which said, "I did my best in this dear life, but it"s no good."          Suicides are now a common part of life among students in Japan. The   cause is the incredible pressure of the "examination hell."          Even a number of teachers are committing suicide each year. When   some students broke windows in a school near Tokyo, the principal blamed   himself and wrote the following note: "The incidents were due to the lack   of appropriate measures by the principal and I apologize. I am very tired.       The Japanese educational system is much different from the American   system. It is perhaps the most regimented(严密组织的) school system in   any of the industrialized nations.         Boys and girls wear uniforms and go to school six days a week --- 240   days a year compared to 180 in the U.S. Ninety- five percent graduate from   high school compared to seventy-five percent in the U.S.         Students don"t ask questions in class but only listen respectfully to the   teachers. And every few years students are tested to see which school they   will enter next. There is stiff competition for the "best" schools.         The result is a well-informed, disciplined student, ideal for factory   and company work and excellent at learning specialized skills. But there is   little  fun  in  education,  little  creativity  and  the  incredible pressure  of   "examination hell."   1. It"s because ______ that many Japanese students committed suicide.      A. they didn"t do their best in their lives.      B. they were sent to a "cram school".      C. of the most regimented school.      D. they were unable to take the pressure of the exams.   2. Why did the principal kill himself? Because__________      A. He thought it was his fault that some students broke the windows.      B. He was very tired.      C. He couldn"t stand the pressure of the "examination hell".      D. He blamed himself and wrote a note.   3. Which of the following ideas agrees with the title of the passage.      A. The Japanese students love to study under pressure.      B. The Japanese students do well under pressure.      C. The exams give the Japanese students much pressure.      D. The exams make the Japanese students commit suicide each year.   4. Which of the following is Wrong?      A. The American educational system is much different from the Japanese  system.      B. To enter a high school, a student must pass an all-day, five-subject  examination.      C. The Japanese graduates from high school are much less than the  American graduates.      D. In Japanese education, there is little creativity as well as little fun.
阅读理解
If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pro- nunciation, you are wrong. Haven"t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?      According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.      The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language.      A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.      Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.      "Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language," said the scientists.      It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.      Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. "Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),"he said. "You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas."      The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. "Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world," explained the scientists. 1. Tire main subject talked about in this passage is ______. A. science on learning a second language B. man"s ability of learning a second language C. 1anguage can help brain power D. 1anguage learning and maths study 2. In the second paragraph, the writer mentions "exercise" in order to ______. A. say language is also a kind of physical labor B. prove that one needs more practice when he (she) is learning a language C. to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language D. make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well 3. We may know from the scientific findings that ______. A. the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is B. there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn"t      know a second language C. the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people"s brain D. the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time 4. The underlined word "bilingual"" probably means ______. A. a researcher on language learning B. a person who is good at learning foreign languages C. a person who can speak two languages D. an active language learner
The owls (猫头鹰) were not what they seem, or so many people seem to think ...      For centuries, owls have been feared and seen as signs of evil or death.But they are also seen as symbols of intelligence. The bird"s ability to see well in the night means that it is closely associated with Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom, She is frequently  described as an owl perched (栖息) on her head.      So humanized owls are often used to indicate that someone is intelligent and educated - a pair of eyeglasses or a mortarboard, the square, flat cap worn by college graduates. According to an article in The Guardian, owls are among the most popular birds in British culture. You see them in Harry Potter series, delivering letters and parcels. They are also the stars of Legend of the Guardians, a 3D animated film that cam out on September 24, 2010.      Mark Cocker, a columnist (专栏作家) with the paper, notes that many TV dramas use owls. Why? The answer, according to Cocker, is that owls belong to nighttime. It"s a time of mystery. Owls fly in silence, kill small animals for food and scream with a terrible voice. These facts made people associate the birds with the dark and dangerous.      Cocker believes that it is this "slight tremble of danger" that means the bird is often found on T-shirts and bags. "Of all widespread British birds, they are still the species we hear most, but see the least," writes Cocker. "The owl reminds us as we lie in our beds that in the darkness…is a life and a beating heart that we can never quite know."
1. Owls are regarded as symbols of intelligence mainly because ______.
A. they can see very well B. they are connected with Athena C. they are able to deliver letters and parcels D. they remind us what college graduates wear
2. According to Mark Cock, many TV dramas use owls because ______.
A. they scream with a frightful voice at night B. British people are familiar with them C. they create a feeling of mystery and danger D. they awake the desire to take risks
3. The underlined word "the paper" in Paragraph 6 most probably refers to ______.
A. The Guardian                     B. Harry Potter C. Legend of the Guardians             D. Athena
4. What is the writing purpose of this passage?
A. To explain why owls are so associated with evil or death. B. To analyze why owls are so common in British culture. C. To tell readers not to be afraid of owls. D. To recommend some movies related to owls.
阅读理解。
In college , Spring Break (春假) is usually associated with the beach, parties and sleepless nights, bringing about relaxation, free time and friends. Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding, however, may choose to participate in the Altemative Break Program. It places college students in communities both at home and abroad.       The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with  issues  such  as   literacy  (识字 ) , homelessness  and  the environment. It includes helping kids with their lessons, raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research.      The hope is that, by getting themselves involved in different environments, students will have the opportunity to learn about members of communities and broaden their view. In turn, they will incorporate (融合) their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities. In a word , the Program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society.      In the spring of 2006, about 36, 000 students in the USA participated in the Altemative Break Program.      Samantha Giacobozzi, now director of the Program, has been on five alternative break trips herself, including trips to New Orleans, India and Dominican Republic. "I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience , " she said. " Every year , we meet many students who have attended the Program. You can see changes in their life that are connected with their altemative break experiences. "      The Program began in  1991. Today , it  has  become  increasingly popular with college students in the United States.
1. Who may choose to participate in the Altemative Break Program?   ( No more than 10 words) ___________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the aim of the Program?  ( No more than 15 words) ____________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the meaning of the underlined word "transformed" in   Paragraph 5? (1 word) _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What is Samantha"s attitude toward the Program?  ( No more than    10 words) ______________________________________________________________________ 5. If you take part in the Program,which project are you interested    in? And why?  ( No more than 25 words) _______________________________________________________________________
Certainly no creature in the sea is stranger than the common sea cucumber (海参). All living creatures, especially human beings, have their features, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about an unusual animal that eats mud, feeds almost continuously day andnight but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered eatable?      For some fifty million years in spite of all its strange features, the sea cucumber has lived on its diet of mud. It is adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow Water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.      Sea cucumbers come in a variety of colors, black to reddish-brown to sand-color and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple feelers. Usually the creature are cucumber-shaped — where their name comes from - and because they live in rocks, this shape, combined with flexibility, enables them to press into crevices (缝隙) where they are safe from animal eater and ocean currents.      Although they have greedy desire for food, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the ability to become still and live at a low metabolic (新陈代谢) rate — feeding s little or not at all for long periods, so that the living things in the ocean that provide their food have chance to increase by a large amount.   If it were not for this natural ability, they would swallow all the food available in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.      But the most impressive thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and crabs. When attacked, it forces all its organs in its body out into water. It also removes attached structures such as feelers. The sea cucumber will get rid of its organs and grow itself again if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.
1. According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumbers important?
A. It makes them attractive to fish. B. It helps them to digest their food. C. it helps them to protect themselves from danger. D. it makes it easier for them to move through the mud.
2. The fourth paragraph of the passage mainly discusses ______.
A. the reproduction of sea cucumbers   B. the food sources of sea cucumbers C. the eating habits of sea cucumbers     D. the danger to sea cucumbers" existence
3. What can he inferred about the defense system of the sea cucumber?
A. They are similar to those of most sea creatures, B. They are very sensitive to the surroundings. C. They require group cooperation. D. They are almost useless.
4. What would be the best tithe for the text?
A. The Variety of Sea Cucumbers       B. The Sources of Sea Cucumbers C. The Similarity of Sea D. The Strange Creature — Sea Cucumbers