题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
One should be careful, however, of supposing that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is distraction(分散注意力)to others. Examination of reasons connected with the historical development of silent reading shows that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.
The last century saw a gradual increase in literacy(读写能力)and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of listeners dropped, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the popularity of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, trains and offices, where reading aloud would disturb other readers in a way.
Towards the end of the century there was still heated argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its advantages are, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and magazines for a specialized readership on the other.
By the end of t he century students were being advised to have some new ideas of books and to use skills in reading them which were not proper, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological developments in the century had greatly changed what the term “reading” referred to.
小题1:Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?
A.Because silent reading had not been discovered. |
B.Because there were few places for private reading. |
C.Because few people could read for themselves. |
D.Because people depended on reading for enjoyment. |
A.a change in the position of literate people |
B.a change in the nature of reading |
C.an increase in the number of books |
D.an increase in the average age of readers |
A.the importance of silent reading |
B.the amount of information provided by books and newspapers |
C.the effects of reading on health |
D.the value of different types of reading material |
A.To explain how present day reading habits developed. |
B.To change people’s way to read. |
C.To show how reading methods have improved. |
D.To encourage the growth of reading. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:A
解析
小题1:从文中第三段的前两句可以看出。
小题2:从最后一段可找到答案。
小题3:文中第四段的第一句话作了明确说明。
小题4:作者写此文的目的正是向我们说明现代的阅读习惯是如何变化的、发展的。
核心考点
试题【Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the learned 】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The study divided the patients into three groups. In Group A, a dog and a person visited each patient for twelve minutes. Patients in Group B received just a human visitor for twelve minutes. And members of Group C received no visitor, human or canine(犬的).
The dogs would lie on the hospital bed so the heart patients could touch them. The researchers say some patients immediately smiled and talked to the dog and the human visitor. Dogs, in her words, “make people happier, calmer and feel more loved.”
The researchers examined the patients before, during and after the visits. They measured stress levels based on blood flow and heart activity. They say they found a twenty-four percent decrease in the group visited by both a dog and a person. They reported a ten percent decrease in the group visited by a person only. There was no change in the patients without any visit. These patients, however, did have an increase in their production of the hormone epinephrine (epinephrine肾上腺素). The body produces epinephrine during times of stress.
The increase was an average of seven percent. But the study found that patients who spent time with a dog had a seventeen percent drop in their levels of epinephrine. Patients visited by a human but not a dog also had a decrease, but only two percent.
小题1:The author believes that _______.
A.the dog can take the place of most medicines |
B.the dog is the most popular pet for man |
C.the findings of the research cannot be trusted |
D.visits by a human work better than visits by a dog |
小题3:From the research findings we may conclude that _______.
A.the less the body produces epinephrine, the better |
B.the longer a visit lasts, the happier the patient should be |
C.the patients enjoyed the dogs’ company more than the human visitors’ |
D.it’s impossible for heart patients to recover without dogs’ visits |
A.Worried Heart Patients | B.Epinephrine and Stress |
C.Good Friend to the Heart | D.Three Groups of Patients |
Photographs are everywhere. They decorate (装饰) the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.
Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.
Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty(贫穷) caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.
Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.
As historical and artistic documents(文献) ,photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish(发表) them in books and on the Internet.
小题1:The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to .
A.beauties | B.photos | C.goods | D.events |
A.are also works of art | B.are popular ways of reporting news |
C.often shock the public | D.can serve as a force for social change |
A.News with pictures is encouraging. | B.Photos help people improve |
C.News photos mean history in a sense. | D.People prefer reading news with pictures. |
A.telling the story through picture | B.decorating the walls of homes |
C.publishing historical papers | D.expressing feeling through pictures |
This was no ordinary class. The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at Cornell University. They had interrupted their research to accept an invitation to take part in an unusual experiment: “an interesting week of poetry.” This class was part of a study to answer the questions: Why is science difficult for many nonscience students? What can teachers learn about teaching if they take a class that is not in their field?
The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took notes. They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers. All students noticed one thing – the importance of spoken words. In science and engineering classes, the instructors put tables and drawings on the blackboard. But in this poetry class, the instructors just talked. They didn’t write anything on the board.
The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry. In both subjects, students need to find layers (层次) of meaning . Some layers are simple, clean, and on the surface; other layers are deeper and more difficult. This search for different levels of meaning doesn’t happen much in undergraduate(本科) science classes, but it is important later, in graduate school. And it is always important in humanities(人文科学).
Both the poetry instructors and their students learned something about teaching from this experience. One poetry instructor, for example, now sees the importance of using informative as he teaches. Most of the scientists agreed on several points. First, humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which information is important. Second, the poetry class was fun. One engineer decided, “We need to change the way we teach engineering to make to make it an enjoyable experience for students.”
But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this; All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they cam teach better.
小题1:What do we know about this unusual class?
A.The teachers did lots of writing on the board |
B.The teacher were invited to attend several lectures. |
C.The student were professors from a university |
D.The students were studying science and humanities. |
A.how to teach the students in the science class |
B.whether poetry is difficult for science students |
C.what to be taught in the humanities class |
D.why many humanities students find science hard. |
A.important for graduate students in humanities |
B.difficult for graduate students in humanities |
C.common for undergraduate students in science |
D.easy for undergraduate students in science. |
A.They should change the way they teach |
B.A poem could be explained in clear definitions. |
C.A poetry class could be more informative. |
D.Their teaching was an enjoyable experience. |
I always had the dream to dance like a beautiful ballerina(芭蕾舞女演员)turning around and around and hearing people applaud for me. When I was young, I would turn around and around in the fields of wildflowers that grew in my backyard.
Reality woke me up when I heard someone saying, "I don"t know why you bother trying to dance. Ballerinas are pretty and slender(苗条) girls. Besides, you don"t have the talent to even be a ballerina." I remember how those words hurt every feeling in my body. I fell to the ground and wept for hours.
I enjoyed hanging out by the water. I would sit there for hours and stare at my reflection(倒影). There I was, looking nothing like a pretty ballerina dancer. Reflections don"t lie. Once the waves would come, my reflection was washed away just like my dream to dance.
As I grew older, I began to realize that the reason my dream was even born was because it was something that was inside of me. The dream I had was never nurtured(培育) and cared for, so it slowly died. It"s not that I wanted it to die, but I allowed it to die the day I started listening to the words, "You can"t do it." When I finally woke up from many years of dreaming, I realized that you can"t only settle for dancing in the wildflowers, you have to move on to the platform.
小题1: Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?
A.Care for your dream |
B.Dream and reality |
C.Nothing is impossible |
D.Efforts to be a ballerina will pay |
A.she was bored of dancing and performing |
B.she had lack of self-respect |
C.her health conditions allowed her dream to die |
D.she was deeply affected by others easily |
A.the author was once a pretty and slender girl with wonderful dream. |
B.we should dare to give up our dream facing much pressure and difficulty |
C.if you stick to your dream and never say die, you will enjoy a bright life |
D.You should necer give up. |
A.to complain | B.to praise | C.to warn | D.to criticize |
A.turn down | B.take up | C.give up | D.settle down |
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.
小题1:The author thinks “Learning”in the passage most refers to_________.
A.life-long learning | B.family learning |
C.learning after graduation | D.behavior learning |
A.teachers | B.classmates | C.doctors | D.brothers or sisters |
A.After they go int society |
B.Before they enter school |
C.When they are at school |
D.Before they are born |
A.As a matter of fact, learning begins with formal school education |
B.Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students. |
C.People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors. |
D.Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well. |
A.learning is closely related to memory and experience |
B.psychologists are interested in the wat the brain stores knowledge |
C.psychologists are more interested in a person’s behavior |
D.the relationship between learning, brain and behavior |
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