题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Using prediction models, British and Australian researchers 1 that improving efficiency, increasing carbon capture and 2 fossil fuel dependence in farming would not be enough to 3 emissions targets.
But combining these steps 4 a 30 percent reduction in livestock(家畜) 5 in major meat-producing nations and a similar 6 in meat-eating, would lead to "substantial population health benefits" and cut emissions, they said.
The study found that in Britain, a 30 percent 7 intake of animal-source saturated(饱和的) fat by adults would reduce the 8 of premature(过早的) deaths from heart disease by some 17 percent -- equivalent to 18,000 premature deaths reduced in one year.
In Sao Paulo, Brazil, it could mean as 9 as 1,000 premature deaths reduced in a year, they said.
10 the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, 18 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions are from meat production and experts say rising 11 for meat, particularly in countries with growing economies, could 12 livestock production up by 85 percent from 2000 levels 13 2030.
The scientists said global action was needed to maximize the benefits of cutting meat production and 14 , and that the environmental 15 "may apply only in those countries that currently have high production levels."
The study was 16 in The Lancet medical journal as part of a series in climate change and health 17 the Copenhagen global climate summit scheduled next month.
In a second study, British scientists found that increased walking and cycling, and 18 cars, would have a much greater impact on health 19 low-emission vehicles in rich and middle-income countries.
Andrew Haines, director of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and head of the research series, said delegates at Copenhagen needed "to understand the potential 20 impacts of their plans."
( ) 1. A. invented B. experimented C. found D. proved
( ) 2. A. increasing B. speeding C. stopping D. reducing
( ) 3. A. meet B. change C. break D. adapt
( ) 4. A. by B. with C. to D. in
( ) 5. A. sale B. eating C. production D. use
( ) 6. A. cut B. increase C. addition D. consumption
( ) 7. A. lower B. higher C. more D. less
( ) 8. A. amount B. number C. quantity D. deal
( ) 9. A. much B. many C. few D. little
( ) 10. A. According to B. Apart from C. As well as D. In addition to
( ) 11. A. resistance B. fear C. demand D. anxiety
( ) 12. A. weaken B. strengthen C. drive D. broaden
( ) 13. A. in B. by C. from D. after
( ) 14. A. evaluation B. consumption C. process D. store
( ) 15. A. advantage B. disadvantage C. pollution D. improvement
( ) 16. A. written B. claimed C. delivered D. published
( ) 17. A. along with B. from behind C. ahead of D. in front of
( ) 18. A. more B. fewer C. no . none
( ) 19. A. then B. as C. that D. than
( ) 20. A. health B. body C. spirit D. emotion
答案
解析
1. C英国和澳大利亚的研究人员通过使用预测模型进行研究后发现,仅靠提高能源使用率、增加碳收集以及降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖还不足以实现减排目标。由此我们得知此空要填上表示“发现”之意的动词,也就是:found(find的过去式),而ABD项所表达的意思:发明,实验,证明,都不符合此处的语言逻辑。最具有迷惑性的是proved(证明),因为是利用预测模型进行研究后得出的结论,所以最合适的就应该是强调结果的“发现”。
2. D由上一题的分析我们不难看出此处表示降低农业对矿物燃料的依赖之意,表示降低之意单词只有D项:reducing,其余三项分别表示:增加,加速,停止,其中最具迷惑性的是C项:stopping(停止),根据日常生活常识我们知道农业生产不可能停止使用各种矿物质燃料。
3. A由第一题的分析我们可以断定此处要填上表示“达到,实现”之意的动词,BCD三项分别表示:改变,打破,调整,只有A项:meet(满足)可以表达这样的意思。
4. B但研究人员称,如果在此基础上将肉类主要生产国的家畜产量和肉类消费分别降低30%,则可“极大增进人们的健康”,同时减少碳排放,我们得知此空得填上和combine:把……和……结合起来,这四个介词当中表示和之意的只有with,ACD项的意思与combine都和语境不搭配,这是因为by表示由……;to表示对于……;in表示在……里面。
5. C由上一题的分析和日常生活常识,我们得知肉是由养殖的家畜屠宰之后,才为人们所消费。故此空填上表示家畜“生产”的名词,也就是production,其余的ABD三项分别表示:销售,食用,应用,语意方面都不符合此处的语言逻辑。
6. A由第四题的分析我们不难判断,这儿填上表示“削减”的名词也就是cut,BCD三项所表达的意思分别是:增加,累加,消费。无论述意思还是逻辑上都与这儿的语境逻辑不相搭配。
7. A研究发现,在英国,如果成年人摄入的动物饱和脂肪量减少30%,那么因心脏病而早逝的病例数可减少17%,相当于一年避免1.8万例早死病例。这四个选项中表示较低的是A项:lower。BCD三项分别依次表示:较高,较多,较大,于此处的语境逻辑上不相适宜。
8. B 经过上一题的分析,我们得知此处表示因心脏病而早逝的“病例数”,即是number,而ACD三项往往用来修饰不可数名词,并且它们都表示量,不表示数。
9. B研究人员称,在巴西圣保罗市,这意味着每年可避免多达一千个早死病例。这四个选项中只有as many as 表示多达之意,并且用来修饰可数名词death。ACD三项中A项用来修饰不可数名词,CD两项在意思表示少的意思,不符合这儿的作者所表达的语意。
10.A联合国粮农组织的数据显示,18%的温室气体排放来自于肉类生产。我们判断这儿的the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization是个机构名词,那么此处就表示根据……之意,也即是A项,BCD三项所分别表达的:除了…,和……一样,另外还有…,和这儿的语言逻辑不契合。
11.C专家称,到2030年,不断增长的肉类需求,尤其是发展中经济体的肉类需求,将推动家畜产量在2000年的基础上增长85%。我们确定这个空要填上表示需求之意的名词,也即是demand。ABD三项依次分别表示:抵抗,害怕,焦虑,不能和这儿的作者的行文逻辑相吻合。
12.C经过上一题的分析,我们得知此空应该填上表示“推动”之意的动词,而drive最合适。ABD三项的:弱化,强化,拓宽,显得不伦不类。
13.B由第11题的分析,确定这里表示增长的程度的介词,此四个词语中只有by可以表示这样的词义。ACD项各自表示:在…..里(方面),从……(地方),在…..之后。此三项都没有表示程度的意思。
14.B科学家表示,世界各国需采取行动,将减少肉类生产消费的益处最大化,由此产生的环境优势“可能只适用于目前肉类生产量较高的国家”,此处应该是填上表示消费的名词,此四个词语当中ACD依次分别表示:评估,过程,存储,明显不合适,B项consumption就表示消费之意,最为贴切。
15.A由第14题的分析确定这里填上表示优势的名词,也就是A项advantage。BCD项依次表示:不利,污染,改进,在语言逻辑上和作者的行文逻辑不相吻合。
16.D由常识判断,研究结果往往刊登在报刊、书籍、网站、杂志上,故此处填写D项published,ABC三项依次表示写,呼吁,送或者提供。最具有迷惑性的是A项,由上面的分析我们断定这个词语也不符合常识。
17.C在下月的哥本哈根全球环境峰会召开前,该杂志刊发了一系列有关气候变化与健康的文章,要填上“在……之前”,ABD三项中D项的最容易让人混淆,但是它表示在……前面,通常是指地理方位。AB两项:和……一起,从……的后面,就显得更不适宜了。
18.B在另一项研究中,英国科学家发现,在富裕和中等收入国家,多走路骑车、少开车对于健康的益处比乘坐低排放量的交通工具要大很多,这儿填上表示较少的之意的形容词。A项more是较多的,C项no是没有(这个根据生活常识是不可能),D项往往和of搭配,不直接跟上名词。而C项fewer表示较少的,用来修饰可数名词。
19.D由上一题分析断定此处表示:比…….这四个单词中就只有D项了。ABC三项中的所有意思:和…..,和……,为了……。AB两项的汉语意思是“和”,但没有“比……”之意,
20.A全文都是论述减少肉类食物的消耗量不仅可以更健康的生活,还有助于节能减排,其实节能减排也是为了人类的健康。故这儿填上D项health:健康,而不是BCD项的:身体,精神,和情感。
核心考点
试题【Cutting meat production and consumption by 30 percent would help to reduce carbo】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
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小题1:How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?
A.15 minutes. | B.30 minutes. | C.1.5 hours. | D.3 hours. |
A.It is built in an iPhone. |
B.It is the smallest of its kind. |
C.It can also be used as a charger. |
D.It keeps power for about 30 days. |
A. P.S. B. B.L. C. M.C. D. T.K.
小题4:The customer comments on the battery are mainly about its _______.
A.quality | B.service | C.function | D.shopping |
This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would hive her some idea of a fascinating circle who might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary knowledge of her field. She’s be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.
Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused. By practising in this way, he delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious. Automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance form the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems—how do I get characters into a room—dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.
The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It’s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine; the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we’re “hard-wired” to do. And it’s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.
小题1:The passage mainly deals with________.
A.the function of I.Q. in cultivating a writer |
B.the relationship between genius and success |
C.the decisive factor in making a genius |
D.the way of gaining some sense of distinction |
A.come to understand the inner structure of writing |
B.join a fascinating circle of writers someday |
C.share with a novelist her likes and dislikes |
D.learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security |
A.her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success. |
B.her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance |
C.she acquires the magic of some great achievement |
D.she comes to realize she is “hard-wired” to write |
A.A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one’s success |
B.A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing. |
C.As to the growth of a genius, I.Q. Doesn’t matter, but just his|her effort. |
D.What really matters is what you do rather then who you are. |
本文介绍了美国著名的生物学家Edward Wilson 的著作The Future of Life中的一些有关如何开发、利用和保护自然资源的情况。
Edward Wilson is America’s, if not the world’s, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the world’s natural resources(资源). How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also points out the need to understand fully the biodiversity(生物多样性)of our earth.
Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment (环境) protection, Henry David Thoreau. He compares today’s Walden Pond with that of Thoreau’s day. Wilson will use such comparisons for the rest of the book. The problem is clear: man has done great damage to his home over the years. Van the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels that will be able to support us in the future?
Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crops can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species(物种) are the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of, which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas.
At the end of the book, Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas in this book.
小题1: We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about ______
A.the environment for plants |
B.the biodiversity of our earth |
C.the wastes of natural resources |
D.the importance of human values |
A.Twenty. | B.Eighty. | C.One hundred | D.Ten thousand. |
A.learn how to farm scientifically |
B.build homes for some dying species |
C.make it clear what to eat |
D.use more species for food |
A.a description of natural resources |
B.a research report |
C.a book review |
D.an introduction to a scientist. |
In the past hundred years,humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源):land for crops,wood for paper and other products,land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example,a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly,when people cut down trees,generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly,cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now,but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However,fewer than l%of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.
小题1:Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they
A.reflect more heat into the atmosphere |
B.bring about high rainfall throughout the world |
C.rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃ |
D.reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth |
A.We will lose much more than we can gain. |
B.Humans have begun destroying rainforests. |
C.People have a strong desire for resources. |
D.Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. |
A.we can get enough resources without rainforests |
B.there is great medicine potential in rainforests |
C.we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land |
D.the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns |
A.How to Save Rainforests |
B.How to Protect Nature |
C.Rainforests and the Environment |
D.Rainforests and Medical Development |
请阅读下列文章和相关信息,并按要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。
下面是几则寓言小故事:
小题1:An ant went to the bank of a river to quench its thirst, and being carried away by the rush of the stream, was on the point of drowning. A dove sitting on a tree overhanging the water plucked a leaf and let it fall into the stream close to her. The ant climbed onto it and floated in safety to the bank. Shortly afterwards a birdcatcher came and stood under the tree, aiming at the dove. The ant, perceiving his design, stung him in the foot. In pain the birdcatcher shouted, and the noise made the dove take wing.
小题2:Two men were travelling together, when a bear suddenly met them on their path. One of them climbed up quickly into a tree and hid himself in the branches. The other, seeing that he must be attacked, fell flat on the ground, and when the bear came up and felt him with his snout, and smelt him all over, he held his breath, and pretended to be dead as much as he could. The bear soon left him, for he will not touch a dead body. When he disappeared, the other traveller descended from the tree, and asked his friend what it was the bear had whispered in his ear. “He gave me this advice,” his companion replied. “Never travel with a friend who deserts you at the approach of danger.”
小题3:A prince had some monkeys trained to dance. Being naturally good at learning, they showed themselves excellent pupils, and in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers. Their performance was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage. The monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became (as indeed they were) monkeys instead of actors. Pulling off their masks and tearing their robes, they fought with one another for the nuts. The dancing spectacle thus came to an end in the laughter and ridicule of the audience.
小题4:A cock was once strutting up and down the farmyard among the hens when suddenly he noticed something shining in the straw. "Ho! ho!" said he, "that’s for me," and soon rooted it out from beneath the straw. It turned out to be a pearl that by some chance had been lost in the yard. “You may be a treasure,” signed the cock, “to man, but for me I would rather have a single barley-corn.”
小题5:An old man on the point of death summoned his sons around him to give them some parting advice. He ordered his servants to bring in a bunch of sticks, and said to his eldest son: "Break it." The son tried hard, but with all his efforts was unable to break the bundle. The other sons also tried, but none of them was successful. “Untie it,” said the father, “and each of you take a stick.” When they had done so, he called out to them: “Now, break,” and each stick was easily broken.
请阅读下面的故事寓意,然后匹配与之对应的小故事。
A.Not everything you see is what it appears to be. |
B.One man’s pleasure may be another’s pain. / One man’s meat is another’s poison, |
C.Misfortune tests the sincerity of friends. |
D.One good turn deserves another. |
F. Precious things are for those that can prize them.
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