题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Researchers in Italy examined the tail wagging behaviour of 30 dogs,catching their responses to a range of stimuli(刺激物) with video cameras.To conduct the study they chose 15 male dogs and 15 female ones aged between one and six years.The dogs were all family pets whose owners had allowed them to take part in the experiment at Ban University.The dogs were placed in a large wooden box with an opening at the front to allow for them to view various stimuli.They were tested one at a time.
The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their owners—a positive experience—their tails wagged energetically to the right side.When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right,but with somewhat less enthusiasm.The appearance of a cat again caused a right-hand side wag,although with less intensity again.The appearance of a large unfamiliar dog,similar to a German shepherd,changed the direction of tail wagging to the left.Reseachers supposed the dog was thinking of moving back.When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left,suggesting they preferred company.While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video,it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood(心情) of dogs.Computer and video systems,for example,could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.
小题1:The video cameras were used to catch the dogs’ responses because _______.
A.it was easier to catch the dogs’ response changes in the tail wagging |
B.the dogs were put in the wooden boxes and tested one at a time |
C.they enabled the dogs’ owners to know about their dogs’ habit |
D.the dogs wagged their tails in different directions when they were in different moods |
A.surprise | B.worry |
C.excitement | D.interest |
A.wag to the left | B.wag to the right |
C.not wag at all | D.wag to the left and then to the right |
A.the dogs | B.the trainers |
C.the systems | D.the researchers |
A.to train dogs for their owners |
B.to help people judge the mood of dogs |
C.to help dogs find company |
D.to help people choose their pet dogs |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:B
解析
小题1:这是一道细节判断题。根据最后一段“While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video,it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs.”可以推断出如果没有摄像机的帮助,人们很难发现狗尾巴摇动的变化,所以摄像机是使得观察更加容易。
小题2:这是一道词义猜测题。第三段是几个排比的句子,画线词和前面的“energetically”和“enthusiasm”都是同义词。
小题3:这是一道细节判断题。根据第三段“When the dogs were not shown any stimuli they tended to wag their tails to the left...”可知没有刺激的时候,狗的尾巴是摇向左边的。
小题4:这是一道指代题。根据“Computer and video systems,for example,could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.”approach 是“接近”的意思,由于是驯狗师被要求接近狗而不能是狗被要求接近驯狗师,所以they指代的是dog trainers。
小题5:这是一道归纳题。根据最后一段“While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video,it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood of dogs.”可以推断出这个研究可以帮助人们判断狗的情绪。
核心考点
试题【Dogs wag(摇摆) their tails in different directions depending on whether they are e】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
By 1991 their love had deepened,and they were happy.Later that year,Bill developed a white spot on his tongue.He visited a doctor.
One day shortly after that,Bill called Karen to sit beside him.He said with tears in his eyes that he loved her and wanted to live forever with her.The doctor suspected that he had been infected with HIV,the virus that leads to AIDS.
The family was tested,Bill and Karen’s results were positive.Bill had become infected before he met Karen;then he passed the virus on to Karen.The children’s results were negative.Within three years,Bill was dead.“I don’t know how to express what it is like to watch the once handsome man you love and intend to live with forever dying slowly.I cried many nights.He died three months short of ten years of our marriage,”says Karen.Though a doctor told Karen that she would soon follow her husband into death,she is still alive.The infection has progressed to the early stages of AIDS.
Karen is but one of about 30 million people now living with HIV/AIDS,a figure larger than the combined populations of Australia,Ireland and Paraguay.According to one UN report,Africa has 21 million of these victims.By the turn of the century that number could reach 40 million and the disease will bring on the greatest disaster in human history.Of the world’s sexually active adults aged 15 to 49,1 in 100 has already been infected with HIV.Of these,only 1 in 10 realizes that he or she is infected.In some parts of Africa,25 percent of the adults are infected.
Since the beginning of the spread of AIDS in 1981,about 11.7 million people have died of it.It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone,about 2.3 million people died of it.Nevertheless,there are fresh reasons for optimism in the battle against AIDS.During the past few years,there has been a drop in new AIDS cases in wealthy nations.In addition,promising drugs hold out hope of better health and longer life.
小题1:By telling the story of Karen,the author intends to______.
A.warn people against high risk behaviors |
B.stress the importance of medical tests |
C.express sympathy for AIDS victims |
D.show the consequences of AIDS |
A.were lucky in having |
B.were asked to adopt |
C.regretted having |
D.gave birth to |
A.he got married to Karen |
B.the family members were tested |
C.Karen persuaded him to see the doctor |
D.he found something wrong with his tongue |
A.promising drugs will soon stop AIDS |
B.the spread of AIDS could be controlled |
C.it is hopeless to win the battle against AIDS |
D.the death rate of AIDS patients has been reduced |
In the southwest African country of Namibia,and the Sahara lands of Mall further north,the desert elephant does just that.
Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant,the desert cousin differs in many ways.Their bodies are smaller,to absorb less heat,and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces.They are taller,to reach higher branches.They have shorter tusks(象牙),and most importantly,longer trunks to dig for water in riverbeds.
Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and water-holes,and have a larger group of families.They drink only every 3-4 days,and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat,which is only used when badly needed.Desert elephants are careful feeders—they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches,and thus maintain what little food sources are available.Young elephants may even eat the dung(粪便) of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.
During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly.Desert elephants have sand baths,sometimes adding their own urine(尿液) to make them muddy!
As we continue to overheat our weak planet,it can only be hoped that other animal species will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.
小题1:The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means “_______”.
A.remains in the African countries |
B.drinks 120 liters of water a day |
C.manages to live in desert areas |
D.eats 150 kilograms of food daily |
A.rarely ruin trees |
B.drink only every 3-4 days |
C.search for food in large groups |
D.protect food sources for their young |
A.stories and explanation |
B.facts and descriptions |
C.examples and conclusion |
D.evidence and argument |
A.Overheating the earth can be stopped. |
B.Not all animal species are so adaptable. |
C.The planet will become hotter and hotter. |
D.Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants. |
Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes,even if it was torn down.We cannot be the last generation to have that place.At this rate,kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes.“If the decline in parks use continues across North America,who will defend parks against encroachment(蚕食)?”asks Richard Louv,author of Last Child in the Woods.
Without having a nature experience,kids can turn out just fine,but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives.That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health,to stress levels,creativity and cognitive(认知的)skills.Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents—and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it:research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters(培养)leadership by the smartest,not by the toughest.Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child.The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world.A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes.We really need to value that more.
Kids are not to blame.They are over-protected and frightened.It is dangerous out there from time to time,but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite(仪式)of passage.
Everyone from developers,to schools and outdoors’ citizens,should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring,taking friendship in fields and woods that cement(增强)love,respect and need for the landscape.As parents,we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature.This could yet be our greatest cause.
小题1:The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that_______.
A.kids are missing the sense of wonder outdoors |
B.parks are in danger of being gradually encroached |
C.Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the Woods |
D.children are expected to develop into protectors of nature |
A.keep a high sense of wonder |
B.be over-protected by their parents |
C.be less healthy both physically and mentally |
D.change wild places and creatures for the better |
A.the fault on the part of their parents |
B.the natural experience in their growing up |
C.the result of their own carelessness in play |
D.the effect of their repetitive stress from computers |
A.blame children for getting lost in computer games |
B.encourage children to protect parks from encroachment |
C.show his concern about children’s lack of experience in nature |
D.inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around |
阅读下面短文,根据第73至第75小题的具体要求,简要回答问题。
The north magnetic pole(磁极)is no longer a resident of Canada.It has drifted across the Canadian Arctic and is now angling toward Siberia.
Not to be confused with the geographic North Pole—the northern extremity of the Earth’s axis(地轴),the north magnetic pole(where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward)is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field,a process that originates about 3000 kilometers below our feet,in the outer core(核心)of the planet.But scientists are now noticing that the magnetic pole has picked up its pace.
Over the past century,the pole has been migrating at an average speed of about 10 kilometers per year,says Larry Newitt,head of Geomagnetic Laboratory at Natural Resources Canada in Ottawa.Since the 1970s,this speed has increased to about 50 kilometers per year.
Scientists are wondering why the speed is increasing,says Newitt.One hypothesis(假说)relates it to “magnetic jerks”,sudden shifts(变化)in the rate of change of the magnetic field.There have been three jerks in the past four decades,each one correlating to an increases in speed.
If the north magnetic pole continues at its current rate,it could reach Siberia by 2056.
“For most of recorded history,the pole has been a part of Canada,and now it’s not,”says Newitt.“It may be a blow to our collective psyche,but other than that,it doesn’t have a major effect on most people’s existence.”
73.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “angling”.
____________________________________________________________
74.What could happen to the north magnetic pole by the middle of the 21st century?(回答词数不超过8个)
____________________________________________________________
75.What is the main idea of the passage?(回答词数不超过8个)
____________________________________________________________
It is obvious that if students value highly their test scores,then a great amount of their self-respect is put in the number.Students who perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over.The low test score,they think,will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.And without a degree from a prestigious university,they fear that many of life’s doors will remain forever closed.
According to a study done in the 1990s,the SAT is only a reliable indicator of a student’s future performance in most cases.Interestingly,it becomes much more accurate when it is set together with other indicators-like a student’s high school grades.Even if standardized tests like the SAT could show a student’s academic proficiency(学业水平),they will never be able to test things like confidence,efforts and willpower,and are unable to give us the full picture of a student’s potentialities(潜力).This is not to suggest that we should stop using SAT scores in our college admission process.The SAT is an excellent test in many ways,and the score is still a useful means of testing students.However,it should be only one of many methods used.
小题1:The purpose of the SAT is to test students’______.
A.strong will |
B.academic ability |
C.full potentialities |
D.confidence in school work |
A.scores in the SAT |
B.achievements in mathematics |
C.job opportunities |
D.money spent on education |
A.a famous university |
B.a technical university |
C.a traditional university |
D.an expensive university |
A.how to prepare for the SAT |
B.stress caused by the SAT |
C.American higher education |
D.the SAT and its effects |
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