The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(转换) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(发现) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
小题1:What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?| A．The absence of blackboard in classroom. | | B．The use of new technologies in teaching. | | C．The lack of practice in handwriting. | | D．The popular use of smartphones. |
小题2:Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.| A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer. | | B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper. | | C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences. | | D．discussed the importance of writing speed. |
小题3:Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?| A．Spelling improves one’s memory of words. | | B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability. | | C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas. | | D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas. |
小题4:What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?| A．Window. | B．Soul | C．Picture. | D．Imagination. |
小题5:What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?| A．Computers can help people with their choice of words. | | B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching. | | C．Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms. | | D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade. |
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小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:C |
本文主要讲述的是：随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们所忽视。但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应该占有一席之地。
小题1:细节理解。根据第一段“With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (怀旧的)skill.（随着像电脑和智能手机的使用，书写已经成为了人们怀旧的东西）”可知答案。
小题2:细节理解。根据第三段首句“Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand.（Berninger和她的同事做了个研究，想看看学生用电脑和用手工完成各种写的任务的情况）”可以知道答案。
小题3:细节理解。根据第四段首句“In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write.（在更近的一次研究中，Berninge想看看拼写在学生写作技巧中所发挥的什么作用，结果发现字写得好的孩子文章也写得好）”可以知道答案。
小题4:词义猜测。根据第五段可知：拼写帮助学生把想法转化为他们思想中的文字，再把思想中的文字转换到纸上，得知答案是imagination，不仅帮助孩子们把想法转化为文字，而且能发现拼写错误并改正它们。
小题5:主旨大意。根据叠加全文的主题句和文章的最后一段，首段说明随着新技术的到来，手写已经成为过去，之后文章中部提到手写的好处，最后一段进一步阐明书写的重要。 |
核心考点
试题【The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboa】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Not everyone goes to university after high school graduation. Some work, others join the army and an increasing number worldwide are taking a “gap year” to travel or do community service in their own countries or abroad. They are studying sharks off the Australian coast, building schools in Mexico and learning Spanish or Italian.
The concept of a gap year may not be new, but the recent surge (涌现) of interest certainly is. Some students are putting off admissions. Others, who don’t get into the college of their choice, are taking a year to explore new frontiers before reapplying.
Students are choosing to take a breather; they are thinking. They are not sure what they are going to do. They are going and exploring some of their interests. They are getting experience they can take to the school they finally go to.
It is an idea actively encouraged by colleges. Princeton University has just launched a “bridge year” program that will send 10 percent of its incoming class to do volunteer work abroad, starting in 2009. And the Harvard has spent the last 30 years urging incoming students to take a gap year.
“Many speak of their year away as a ‘life-changing’ experience or a ‘turning point’” says Harvard admissions director Marlin Lewis. “Many come to college with new opinions about their academic plans, their extracurricular interests and the career possibilities they observed in their year away.”
小题1:The reasons why some take a gap year are the following EXCEPT that ________.| A．they hate studying | | B．they don’t know what to do | | C．they want to get experience | | D．they want to know their real interests |
小题2:A student won’t ________ in a gap year.| A．travel | B．join the army | | C．do community service | D．learn a foreign language |
小题3:After a gap year, one would probably _________.| A．take another year off | | B．earn a lot of money | | C．be refused by his college | | D．have new ideas about their future career |
小题4:From the passage we know that ________.| A．more and more students will take a gap year | | B．fewer and fewer colleges will encourage his students to take a gap year | | C．the gap year can only give one some experience about society | | D．nobody will change his own interests after the gap year |
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Being content with yourself and optimistic about your future is not difficult. Whatever is in the past is __36__. Learn from it and move on. When you are enough __37__to do this, you will see that moving ahead is the best definition of __38__.
What can you do now? Sure it is __39__ for me to tell you to forget the past, __40__ it is a whole different __41__ to actually do it. Life is a complex set of events much of which __42__ is real, but a large amount is just your __43__ of what really happened.
Let me __44__ with an example. I know not everyone is a football fan, but I am __45__ most have watched at least __46__of a game on TV. Most games and almost all the important games are __47__ over and over on the TV screen right after the game happened.
When you watched a game, you were __48__ of the outcome, saying the player __49__ the ball. Then while watching the instant replay, you realized you were __50__ wrong. The player dropped the pass. What you were certain of never happened.
In order to __51__ on your future, you should try to minimize the effects of your past. Try to find out how much of the past that you are certain are just __52__. For example, as a teenager, you tried to build a piece of furniture in your father’s workshop. The piece of furniture looked __53__ when you finished, but it fell apart before you could __54__ it to your father. The reality was that the wood you used was faulty. It was not your building ability. So don’t think yourself to be a __55__ carpenter (木匠) and avoid building anything. Forget the past and move on.
| 小题2: | | A．ambitious | B．bitter | C．sad | D．desperate |
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| 小题3: | | A．work | B．life | C．death | D．leisure |
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| 小题4: | | A．boring | B．surprising | C．easy | D．hard |
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| 小题6: | | A．practice | B．theory | C．order | D．pleasure |
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| 小题7: | | A．in all | B．of course | C．on time | D．at last |
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| 小题9: | | A．explain | B．deny | C．admit | D．prove |
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| 小题10: | | A．deciding | B．remembering | C．noticing | D．guessing |
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| 小题11: | | A．none | B．all | C．part | D．series |
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| 小题12: | | A．studied | B．played | C．wanted | D．sold |
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| 小题13: | | A．doubtful | B．unsure | C．conscious | D．certain |
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| 小题14: | | A．passing | B．catching | C．getting | D．breaking |
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| 小题15: | | A．seldom | B．slightly | C．totally | D．fortunately |
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| 小题16: | | A．keep | B．concentrate | C．put | D．get |
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| 小题17: | | A．mistakes | B．successes | C．measures | D．preparations |
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| 小题19: | | A．promise | B．feed | C．offer | D．show |
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| 小题20: | | A．handsome | B．hardworking | C．terrible | D．helpful |
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A new study done by the Higher Education Quality Council of Ontario （HEQCO） shows that it doesn"t make much of a difference that parents reward their children with cash for their better marks.
Many parents have offered cash to their children in the hope that it would improve marks and possibly raise their children"s interest in achieving higher marks．
The study, conducted by researchers from the University of Toronto （UT） and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （MIT） to learn more about the potential for financial encouragement as motivation for improved marks, involved first and second year students receiving financial aid in 2008-2009 at the University of Toronto Scarborough．
The top students participating in the study who said they were "very concerned" about having enough money to complete their degrees were to receive $100 for getting a grade of 70 per cent for each one-semester course, plus $20 for every percentage point beyond that．It was imaginable that a student could earn as much as $700 for achieving 100 percent in a course．
Harvey Weingarten, president and CEO of HEQCO said, "In its efforts to help disadvantaged students by exploring the idea of paying them to attend school, the Toronto District School Board （TDSB） is asking the same question many other districts are asking about how to improve student participation and performance．Our study and others to date indicate that this practice has little effect if any in those situations where it has been tested．"
The authors of the study suggest that ineffective study habits may be a barrier to academic achievement and that the real problem may be more a lack of academic preparation than a lack of effort or motivation．They note that the availability of peer （同伴） advising does not appear to have helped greatly．They conclude that other potential avenues to improving performance, or other approaches of teaching, are needed at the high school and postsecondary levels．
小题1:If a student gets a grade of 85% in a course, he will get _____．小题2:The underlined words "this practice" in Paragraph 5 refer to _____．| A．improving student participation | | B．seeking help from different districts | | C．paying disadvantaged students to attend school | | D．testing student performance in the same district |
小题3:The real problem with student participation and performance is most probably a lack of____．| A．academic preparation | B．effort or motivation | | C．teaching methods | D．peer advising |
小题4:What is mainly discussed in the passage?| A．Many parents have offered cash to their children． | | B．Many first and second year students receive financial aid． | | C．Ineffective study habits lead to poor academic achievement． | | D．Rewarding students with cash for good grades has little effect |
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In a few years，you might be able to speak Chinese，Korean，Japanese，French，and English-and all at the same time. This sounds incredible，but Alex Waibel，a computer science professor at US"s Car-negie Mellon University (CMU) and Germany"s University of Karlsruhe，announced last week that it may soon be reality. He and his team have invented software and hardware that could make it far easier for people who speak different languages to understand each other.
One application，called Lecture Translation，can easily translate a speech from one language into an-other. Current translation technologies typically limit speakers to certain topics or a limited vocabulary. Us-ers also have to be trained how to use the programme.
Another machine can send translations of a speech to different listeners depending on what languagethey speak. “It is like having a simultaneous translator right next to you but without disturbing the person next to you，”Waibel said
Prefer to read? So- called Translation Glasses transcribe(转录) the translations on a tiny liquid-crystal display(LCD) screen.
Then there"s the Muscle Translator. Electrodes capture the electrical signals from facial muscle movements made naturally when a person is mouthing words. The signals are then translated into speech.The electrodes could be replaced with wireless chips implanted in a person"s face，according to research-ers.
During a demonstration held last Thursday in CMU"s Pittsburgh campus，a Chinese student named Sang Jun had 11 tiny electrodes attached to the muscles of his cheeks，neck and throat. Then he mouthed-without speaking aloud- a few words in Mandarin(普通话) to the audience. A few seconds later，the phrase was displayed on a computer screen and spoken out by the computer in English and Spanish: “Let me introduce our new prototype.”
This particular instrument，when fully developed，might allow anyone to speak in any number of lan-guages or，as Waibel put it，“to switch your mouth to a foreign language”. “The idea behind the universi-ty"s prototypes is to create"good enough" bridges for cross- cultural exchanges that are becoming more common in the world，”Waibel said.
With spontaneous(自发的) translators，foreign drivers in Germany could listen to traffic warnings on the radio; tourists in China could read all the signs and talk with local people;leaders of different coun-tries could have secret talks without any interpreters there.
小题1:What can"t be learned from the text?| A．The spontaneous translators will help us a lot. | | B．There is no Muscle Translator in the world now. | | C．Muscle Translators can translate what you think into speech if you just move your mouth. | | D．A lecture translation can translate what you said into other languages easily. |
小题2:What does the underlined word mean?| A．happening at at the same time. | B．happening by itself. | | C．similar in size. | D．Similar in quality. |
小题3:What"s the final destination of inventing the language translators?| A．To make cultural exchanges between different countries easier. | | B．To help students learn foreign languages more easily. | | C．To make people live in foreign countries more comfortably. | | D．To help people learn more foreign languages in the future. |
小题4:What can be inferred from the seventh paragraph?| A．The translator is so good that it can translate any language into the very language you need. | | B．The translator is becoming more and more common in the world as a bridge. | | C．With the help of the translator，you only need to open your mouth when you want to say something without saying the exact words at all. | | D．The translator needs to be improved before being put into market. |
小题5:Where can we probably find this passage?| A．A newspaper. | B．A magazine on science. | | C．A fairy tale. | D．A scientific fantasy book. |
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How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.
小题1:The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_______”.| A．in a different family environment | | B．in a different family tradition | | C．in different family crises | | D．in different families |
小题2:In terms of language development, later-borns ________.| A．get their parents’ individual guidance | | B．learn a lot from their elder siblings | | C．experience a lot of difficulties | | D．pick up words more quickly |
小题3:What was found about fights among siblings?| A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. | | B．Siblings in some families fought frequently. | | C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. | | D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights. |
小题4:The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_______”.| A．having qualities of parents | | B．having qualities of women | | C．having defensive qualities | | D．having extraordinary qualities |
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