题目

题型：不详难度：来源：

There are records of fingerprints taken many centuries ago. The ancient Babylonians pressed the tips of their fingerprints into clay to record business trade. The Chinese used ink-on-paper finger impressions for business. However, fingerprinting wasn"t used as a method for identifying criminals until the 19th century．
In 1858, Sir William Herschel was working as an official of the Hooghly district in Jungipoor, India．In order to reduce fraud（诈骗）, he had people living in the district record their fingerprints when signing business documents. A few years later, Scottish doctor Henry Faulds was working in Japan when he discovered fingerprints left by artists on ancient pieces of clay．This finding inspired him to begin investigating fingerprints．In 1880, Faulds wrote to his cousin, the famous naturalist Charles Darwin, and asked for help with developing a fingerprint classification system．Darwin refused, but sent the letter to his cousin, Sir Francis Gallon, who was an eugenicist (优生学家). Gallon began collecting fingerprints and eventually gathered some 8, 000 different samples to analyze. In 1892, he published a book called "Fingerprints", in which he outlined a fingerprint classification system—the first existence．
Around the same time, Juan Vucetich, a police officer in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was developing his own version of a fingerprinting system．In 1892, Vucetich was called in to assist with the investigation of the two boys murdered in Necoche, a village near Buenos Aires. Their mother, Francisca Rojas, accused a neighbour named Velasquez. But when Vucetich compared the fingerprints found at the murder scene to those of both Velasquez and Rojas, they matched Rojas" exactly．She admitted her crime. This was the first time fingerprints had been used in a criminal investigation.Vucetich called his system comparative dactyloscopy（指纹鉴定法）. It"s still used in many Spanish-speaking countries．
Sir Edward Henry, in charge of the Metropolitan Police of London, soon became interested in using fingerprints to catch criminals. In 1896, he added to Gallon"s technique, creating his own classification system, the Henry Classification System. It is the primary method of fingerprint classification throughout most of the world．
小题1:Herschel had people record their fingerprints so as to_____．

A．develop a fingerprinting system	B．prevent illegal business
C．put them on pieces of clay	D．collect and study fingerprints

小题2:Who first came up with the idea of creating a fingerprint classification system?

A．Herschel．

B．Faulds．

C．Gallon．

D．Darwin．

小题3:The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to "_____"．

A．the fingerprints

B．the two boys

C．the crimes

D．the police officers

小题4:We can learn from the text that _____．

A．Faulds collected many fingerprints while in Japan

B．Henry"s classification system is based on Gallon"s

C．Darwin showed great interest in studying fingerprints

D．Vucetich"s fingerprinting system is still used all over the world

小题5:What is the text mainly about?

A．Different uses of fingerprints．

B．The history of fingerprinting．

C．Countries that first used fingerprints．

D．The way to collect and analyze fingerprints．

答案

小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:A
小题4:B
小题5:B

解析

试题分析：这篇文章主要讲述了指纹的发展，被广泛应用与商业场合和刑事侦探。
小题1:细节题。根据文章第二段可知，为了减少诈骗，他让他管辖下的人们在签署商业文件的时候留下他们的指纹。可知，这样做为了防止非法商业。故选B
小题2:细节题。根据文章第二段加仑开始收集指纹，最终收集了8000种不同的指纹标本，1892年，他出版一本名叫《Fingerprints》的书，里面首次概括了指纹分类系统。可知，加仑是第一个产生创造指纹分类系统的人。故选C
小题3:细节推断题。当Vucetich把在犯罪现场找到的指纹与Velasquez，Rojas的指纹进行比较，发现这些指纹与Rojas的指纹正好相配。可知，they的指代的指纹。故选A
小题4:细节判断题。根据文章第二段可知，Faulds只是开始调查指纹，并没有收集指纹。故A错误。根据文章最后一段可知增加了Gallon的技术，创造了他自己的分类系统，亨利分类系统，这是故B正确。达尔文并没有对研究指纹产生浓厚的兴趣。故C错误。根据文章It"s still used in many Spanish-speaking countries．Vucetich的指纹系统被应用在许多讲西班牙语的国家。故D错误。所以，本题选B
小题5:主旨题，这篇文章主要介绍了指纹从刚开始被人们发现到后来被广泛使用的发展过程。故选B
点评：对于此类介绍事物的说明文，学生只需把握好说介绍的东西，本文主要介绍的是指纹，以此为线索，围绕文章对它的介绍迅速的理清全文的意思。对于主旨题或是推断题，结合文意及所说明的对象，准确定位，即可答出。