题目
题型：同步题难度：来源：
professor David DeSteno, and his colleagues, who are conducting a research to determine how humans
decide to trust strangers.
The interdisciplinary(跨学科的) research project,funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) ,
is being conducted together with Cynthia Breazeal,director of the MIT Media Lab"s Personal Robots
Group, Robert Frank,an economist,and David Pizarro,a psychologist,both from Cornell.
The researchers are examining whether gestures could affect our trustworthiness judgments."People
tend to mimic(模仿)each other"s body language,"said DeSteno,"which might help them develop intuitions
(直觉) about what other people are feeling."
This project tests their theories by having humans interact with the social robot,Nexi,in an attempt to
judge her trustworthiness.Without knowing the participants,Nexi has been programmed to make gestures
while speaking with selected participants-gestures that the team thinks could determine whether or not
she"s considered trustworthy.
During the first part of the experiment, Nexi makes small talk with them for 10 minutes, asking and
answering questions about topics such as traveling,where they"re from and what they like most about living
in Boston.
"The goal was to create a normal conversation with accompanying movements to see what the mind
would intuitively(直觉地) collect about the trustworthiness of another,"said DeSteno.
The participants then play an economic game called "Give Some",which asks them to determine how
much money Nexi might give them at the expense of her individual profit.Meanwhile,they decide how
much,if any,they"ll give to Nexi.The rules of the game allow for two distinct outcomes:higher individual
profit for one and loss for the other,or relatively smaller and equal profits for both partners.
"Trust mightn"t be determined by only one gesture,but rather a "dance" that happens between the
strangers,which leads them to trust or not trust the other," said DeSteno,who will continue testing their
theories by seeing if Nexi can be taught to predict the trustworthiness of human partners.
B．Three fields.
C．Four fields.
D．Five fields.
B．the voice communication
C．the gesturebased communication
D．the online communication
B．intuitively watch the trustworthiness
C．accompany the robot closely
D．play an economic game
B．a kind of entertainment
C．a simple gesture
D．one person"s gestures
答案
核心考点
试题【阅读理解. What can a wide eyed,talking robot teach us about trust? A lot,accordi】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
reasons are various."School Refusal",formerly known as"School Phobia",is an actual
anxietybased disorder.Many children are vague about their complaints and unable to be sure
what is making them anxious,so it is sometimes regarded as typical childhood will fullness.
However,the effects of constant school refusal can be farreaching for your child"s education.
So,where"s the line between what"s normal and what"s not?"You need to look at whether
it is affecting the child or family"s normal life,"explains Christopher Kearney,Ph.D.In other
words,if a child"s grades are suffering from frequent absences or a parent"s job is disturbed,
it is time to look closely at the issue.Parents should listen carefully to children who say they
can"t go to school because of "untestable things"such as stomachaches or headaches.While
these complaints alone don"t necessarily indicate school refusal,there may be deeper problems
if combined with general complaints about school,talks of threats at school and so on.
There are different kinds of behavior in school refusal.Some children are influenced by their
friends who skip school to hang out with their friends,showing a sense of rebellion(叛逆)．
Some children cling to their mothers,screaming at the thought of having to enter the school
building.
However,that doesn"t mean that getting a child back into the classroom is impossible.
According to Maryann Roth,a school psychologist and guidance counselor(顾问),parents
should attempt to make the child get back to school,no matter how hard it is.Working closely
with school officials and possibly a specialist to create a plan is a necessary step.
B．unclear
C．curious
D．unusual
B．are afraid of endless tests
C．want to stay with their parents
D．feel bored and unsafe at school
A．take the problem seriously if their daily life is disturbed
B．discuss the seriousness of the problem with their children
C．take their children to see the doctor immediately
D．keep their children away from their rebellious friends
B．explain the phenomenon of “School Refusal” and how to treat it
C．remind parents to take good care of their children
D．explain that “School Refusal” is normal and not serious
A major source of teen stress is school exams,and test anxiety is not uncommon.When
you recognize your teen is under stress,how can parents help your teen stay calm before
an exam?
Be involved.Parents need to be involved in their teen"s work.__1__What they look for is
your presence-to talk,to cry,or simply to sit with them quietly.Communicate openly with your
teen.Encourage your teen to express his worries and fears,but don"t let them focus on those
fears.
Help them get organized.__2__Together,you and your teen can work out a timetable in
which she can study for what she knows will be on the test.
Provide a calm setting.Help your teen set up a quiet place to study and protect his privacy.
Give them a nutritious diet.It"s important for your teen to eat a healthy,balanced diet during
exam times to focus and do her best.__3__If this happens,encourage your teen to eat light
meals or sandwiches.A healthy diet,rather than junk food,is best for reducing stress.
__4__Persuade your teenager to get some sleep and/or do something active when she
needs a real break from studying.Making time for relaxation,fun,and exercise are all important
in reducing stress.Help your teen balance her time so that she will feel comfortable taking time
out from studying to spend time with friends or rest.
Show a positive attitude.__5__Your panic,anxiety and blame contribute to your teen"s
pressure.Make your teen feel accepted and valued for her efforts.Most importantly,reassure
your teen that things will be all right,no matter what the results are.
A．A parent"s attitude will dictate their teen"s emotions.
B．Exam stress can make some teens lose their appetite.
C．They will only make the situation worse.
D．Encourage your teen to relax.
E．The best thing is simply to listen.
F．Help your teen think about what she has to study and plan accordingly.
G．Your teen may also make negative comments about themselves.
reading and writing paper.No notebooks,no textbooks,no test paper.Nor are there any pencils
or pens,which always seem to run out of ink at the critical moment.A"paperless classroom"is
what more and more schools are trying to achieve.
Students don"t do any handwriting in this class.Instead,they use palm size,or
specially-designed computers.The teacher downloads texts from Internet libraries and sends
them to every student"s personal computer.
Having computers also means that students can use the Web.They can look up information
on any subject they"re studying from maths to social science.
High school teacher Judy Herrell in Florida,US,described how her class used the Web to
learn about the war in Afganistan(阿富汗) over one year ago.
"We could touch every side of the country through different sites from the forest to refugee
camps(难民营),"she said."Using a book that"s three or four years old is impossible."
And exams can go online too.At a high school in Tennessee,US,students take tests on
their own computers.The teacher records the grades on the network for everyone to see and
then copies them to his own electronic grade book.
A paperless classroom is a big step towards reducing the waste of paper.High school
teacher Stephanie Sorrell in Kentucky US said she used to give about 900 pieces of paper
each week to each student.
"Think about the money and trees we could save with the computers,"she said.But,with
all this technology,there"s always the risk that the machines will break_down.So, in case of
a power failure or technical problems, paper textbooks are still widely available(可用的) for
these hitech students.
the critical moment" mean?
B．Pens get lost easily,so you may not find them at the critical moment.
C．Pens may have little or no ink at the critical moment.
D．Pens use ink,while pencils don"t.
B．Computers.
C．Information.
D．Texts.
B．the Web taught them a lot
C．the Web is a good tool for information
D．the Web，better than the textbooks，can give the latest and comprehensive(全面的) information
B．teachers
C．trees
D．computers
B．Stop working.
C．Fall down.
D．Lose control.
building can house a vertical farm.Since the garden is built upwards,rather than outwards,it
requires much less space than a conventional(传统的) farm.
The world is quickly running out of room for conventional farming.Vertical farms could be
a key to this situation.An 18story vertical farm could feed as many as 50,000 people,all in an
area which is the size of the average city block.Vertical farms in the city could cut down on
transportation costs as well.Think about the amount of fuel it takes to transport food from
farmland to city.The resources saved would be surprising. Besides saving travel time,food
would be delivered in fresher condition and with less damage.
There is a growing concern about the use of pesticides in agriculture today.But the vertical
farm would be a greenhouse type environment, avoiding the need for a large number of
pesticides.Vertical farms can be built in a contained space,therefore they are an excellent
solution for living well in an environment far different from our own.Hydroponics(水耕法)
could be a big part of vertical gardening.This would reduce the amount of soil needed to grow
food.Of course,not all food does well with this type of planting,but there are many crops
that actually seem to do better.
In some climates,a lack of sunlight creates a short growing season. The solar power option
may not work as well here.The addition of grow lights would make it possible to grow crops
in vertical gardens in these areas.In other words,we could grow crops in areas where we never
could before.
Vertical farms may just be a concept for now,but they are a concept that will solve many
of our problems in the future.
B．is only an environmental friendly farm
C．is planted on levels upwards
D．is dependent on solar power
B．the future of a vertical farm
C．the cost of a vertical farm
D．the benefit of a vertical farm
B．reduce the harmful effect of pesticides
C．depend far less on sunlight
D．greatly increase the use of soil
B．need less room than conventional farms
C．only use hydroponics to grow food
D．may increase the transportation costs
B．Vertical farms and green skyscrapers
C．Ways to deal with future problems
D．Advantages of vertical farms
on February 23. It was the third shark attack along the coast of Australia"s largest city in a month.
The 15yearold boy and his father were in the water off Avalon, on Sydney"s northern beaches,
around dawn when he was attacked. The city"s beaches are packed with locals and tourists during the
summer months.
"The father heard a scream and turned to see his son thrashing(激烈扭动)about in the water, "police
said. "Fortunately, the shark swam away and the boy was helped to the shore by his father. "
Lifesaving Club spokesman Nick Miller said, "It got him around the top of his left leg and the father
came and dragged him out of water. "He said the boy was bleeding heavily when he was brought to the
shore. "There was a lot of pain, as you can imagine. "The teenager was airlifted to hospital for treatment
for leg injuries.
Police said the bites "cut through to the bone", but the boy did not appear to have sustained any
fractures (骨折). He was in a stable condition now.
Several beaches were closed after the attack. Water police and lifeguards were searching for the
shark, while police hoped to identify its species by the shape of the bite marks. But they said it was too
early to say what type of shark attacked the boy. "I don"t even know if he saw it, "Miller said.
Many shark species live in the waters off Sydney"s beaches, but attacks on humans are still relatively
rare. However, there were two attacks on successive days earlier this month, one on a navy diver in
Sydney harbor, not far from the famous Opera House, and the other on a surfer at the city"s
worldfamous Bondi beach.
Fishermen say shark numbers are on the rise. There is a ban on commercial fishing in the harbor,
which has increased fish stocks. Marine experts also claim environmental protection has created a
cleaner environment, attracting sharks closer to the shore as they chase fish. Many shark species,
including the Great White-the maneaters made famous in Steven Spielberg"s Jaws-are protected in
Australian waters.
B. sharks attacked humans three times in one month
C. a boy was attacked by a shark at a Sydney beach
D. shark numbers are increasing in the waters off Sydney"s beaches
B. dragged
C. bit
D. packed
B. Sydney harbor is not far from the famous Opera House.
C. There are many locals and tourists on its coast all the year round.
D. There are few shark species in the waters off Sydney"s beaches.
B. he was very nervous when he was sent to hospital
C. he may be in danger of losing his leg
D. he was injured in the right leg
B. a ban on commercial fishing has increased fish numbers
C. many shark species are protected in Australian waters
D. the film Jaws has made the Great White famous
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