题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Whenever anyone measures educational success, East Asian countries are always top scorers. But in a recent league table, a European country, Finland, was top of the class. South Korea was still in second place, though. Britain was at number 6.
In Korea the school day is long—typically 7 or 8 hours, followed by hours of private tutoring in the evenings. All this hothousing leaves Korean students so tired, they sometimes fall asleep in class next day. Worries about the effects of late night cramming(填鸭式) led the government to force cramming schools to close by 10 pm. Finnish children spend the least time in class in the developed world, often finishing just after lunch, with about one hour of homework a day. Private tuition is uncommon. The British and American school day is quite long in comparison, around 6 hours, and secondary school pupils do 2 or 3 hours of self-study a night.
The Korean education system, like many in Asia, is intensely competitive, with students even competing to get into the best cramming schools, to help them get ahead. Finnish education is far less cut-throat. Classes are all mixed ability, and there are no league tables. British schools again occupy the middle ground, with quite high levels of competition for places at university, and schools and universities battling to come top of league tables for everything from exam results to student satisfaction. Korea and Finland both do well, yet their education systems are so different.
However, there are some similarities in Korea and Finland. In those countries, teachers have high status in society, and education is very highly valued. Those attitudes can"t change quickly. But it can be done. They might be the star pupils now, but until the l970s, Finland"s educational system was poor. Their thoroughly different approach to schooling has taken them to the top in just a generation.
小题1:The students spend the least time in school in .
| A．the UK | B．Finland | C．the USA | D．Korea |
| A．students spend more time in studying |
| B．students are tired of studying in class |
| C．students leave their school early |
| D．students are always top scorers |
| A．private evening tutoring | B．self-study at home |
| C．long-hour study | D．school study |
| A．Finnish students are less stressed in study |
| B．there"re also many cramming schools in Britain |
| C．students in Korea are the most competitive in Asia |
| D．British schools are less competitive than universities |
| A．the attitude | B．the schooling time |
| C．star pupils | D．new teaching approach |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:A
小题5:A
解析
试题分析：本文叙述了世界各地的学校存在的教育制度，文中叙述了英国、韩国、芬兰及美国等，它们各国的学校一天让学生学习的时间是不同的，它们的教育制度各有利弊。
小题1:这是细节理解题。根据Finnish children spend the least time in class in the developed world, often finishing just after lunch, with about one hour of homework a day.芬兰的教育在课堂上的时间较少，故选B。
小题2:这是细节理解题。根据In Korea the school day is long—typically 7 or 8 hours, followed by hours of private tutoring in the evenings.韩国的学生在课堂上7-8个小时，晚上还要进行辅导班，故选A。
小题3:这是词义猜测题。根据leaves Korean students so tired, they sometimes fall asleep in class next day. 长时间的学习，让韩国的学生感觉很累，故选C。
小题4:这是细节理解题。根据Finnish education is far less cut-throat.芬兰的学生压力小，故选A。
小题5:这是细节理解题。根据Those attitudes can"t change quickly. But it can be done.故选 A。
点评：我们应当充分利用上下文猜测词义，即利用上下文中我们已经熟悉或明了的单词或短语，立足上下文语义，进行逻辑上的推理。通常我们可以通过分析构词法、语法以及同位关系、对比关系、因果关系等来推测，有时还需要借助平时所积累的常识和经验来判断。
核心考点
试题【Whenever anyone measures educational success, East Asian countries are always to】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Since the 1960s, the United States and a handful of other countries have trained dolphins and sea lions to detect sea mines and swimmers, to recover inert torpedoes（鱼雷）and to test objects used in Naval exercises.
Program officials estimate that the sea lions in the Marine Mammal Program have recovered millions of dollars of U.S. Naval torpedoes and instrumentation dropped on the sea floor.
The U.S. Navy kept its Marine Mammal Program a secret until the 1990s, and this spring CNN became one of only a handful of media outlets to see firsthand how the program works.
The program has trained about 75 Pacific bottlenose dolphins, with natural biosonar (生物声纳) that tracks better than any manmade device; and 35 California sea lions, with superb underwater eyesight.
Not only do these trained marine mammals track and retrieve millions of dollars in U. S. military equipment, they are also helping to save lives.
The Navy won"t disclose whether the dolphins and sea lions have effectively intercepted （阻拦）terrorists attempting to do harm to any U.S. facilities.
"Either way, it serves as a deterrent（阻碍） effect." says Christian Harris, operations supervisor for the program. The mammals can be deployed（调动） via C-130 cargo aircraft to perform their missions anywhere in the world within 72 hours. They have been used in exercises from Alaska to Hawaii, operating in great temperature and environmental ranges. They also have the capability to operate off vessels.
Dolphins most recently were deployed in the Iraq war, performing mine detection and clearance operations in the Persian Gulf to ensure safe passage for humanitarian ships delivering aid. Some of these Iraq war "veterans" are now back home, tasked with a new mission: guarding nuclear submarines in their homeports of Bremerton, Washington, and Groton, Connecticut.
小题1:The underlined word "retrieve" in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by ________.
| A．find out | B．recover | C．save | D．detect |
| A．To detect sea mines and swimmers. |
| B．To save lives of people. |
| C．To recover inert torpedoes. |
| D．To help the U.S. Naval test equipment. |
| A．These trained marine mammals eat pounds of fish a day. |
| B．The U.S. Navy performed the Marine Mammal Program for about 30 years secretly. |
| C．These mammals can carry out a task everywhere. |
| D．A lot of countries will train dolphins and sea lions for anti-terrorism. |
| A．The Special Skills of Marine Mammals | B．The U.S. Anti-terrorism Program |
| C．Exceptional Anti-terrorism Member | D．Trained Marine Mammals |
of its 200 inhabited islands，which are spread across an area of"35，000 square miles，99 are good resorts(旅游胜地)．So many tourists come every year，more than double the local population．Of these，over l 00，000 travel from the U K．The capital，Mal6，is four times more densely populated than London．Given these facts，it’S hardly surprising that the Maldives has a waste disposal problem．
Y ears a90，when the tourists left，the government had to deal with a stream of rubbish．Their solution was to turn one of the islands into a dumping ground．Four miles west of Mal6 is the country’s dumping ground，Thilafushi．What you are seeing here is a view of the Maldives on which no honeymooners will ever clap eyes．Each visitor produces 3．5 kg of waste per day．The country dumps more than 330 tons of rubbish on the island every day．
Now，since many waste boats，fed up with waiting seven hours or more，directly offload their goods into the sea，the government of the Maldives has banned the dumping of waste on the island．S0，the waste boats ship the rubbish to India instead．
小题1:What is the main cause of the waste disposal problem?
| A．The big local population． | B．Too many waste boats． |
| C．The large number of tourists． | D．Open fires on the islands． |
| A．it’s quite similar to | B．it’S a long distance from |
| C．it’s a loud shout from | D．it’S totally different from |
| A．It iS much more crowded in Mal6 than in London． |
| B．Another island will be used as a dumping ground． |
| C．No honeymooners are willing to visit the Maldives． |
| D．Waste on islands will be offloaded directly into the sea． |
| A．To attract more tourists to the Maldives． |
| B．To state the waste disposal problem in the Maldives． |
| C．To call on us to protect the environment． |
| D．To explain the causes of pollution in the Maldives． |
Researchers identified different“personalities” in their fish by observing the boldness or shyness of individuals，according to The Nature．Like people，some fish are very confident in the face of novelty(新奇事物)or conflict；while others are silent and fear．
The scientists selected particularly bold and shy rainbow trout，and tested whether they changed their outlook depending on what life threw at them．They arranged some fish to fight and others to watch to see how both the participants and observers responded to victories and defeats．Winning or losing a fight，or even watching fellow fish overcome the difficulties influenced the future behavior of the creatures studied in the lab．
The researchers made fish compete with much larger or smaller opponents．to ensure that they would win or lose their fights．These bold fish that won their fights tended to be even bolder when later presented with a novel food item；losing their fight caused them to be much more cautious．
Fish also learn by watching others．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery object were much more nervous when later given a novelty item for themselves．
Predictably，shy fish that won a fight also gained more confidence，but surprisingly，shy fish that lost their fights also grew bolder when exploring strange new food，Sneddon said，adding that this could be due to what she calls a“desperado effect”(亡命徒效应)．
The new research suggests that animals can gradually adapt their personalities．The results echo the effects that life experience can have on human．
小题1:What does．the underlined word“creatures’’probably refer to?
| A．Fish． | B．Participants． | C．Observers． | D．Researchers． |
| A．a conclusion of the research |
| B．an explanation of fish characters |
| C．a statement of the experiment |
| D．a description of fish fights |
| A．Bold losing fish become—e bolder when presented With a novel food item． |
| B．Losing their fights causes the bold fish to be much more courageous． |
| C．Bold fish watching a shy fish exploring a mystery get less nervous． |
| D．Shy fish losing fights grow more confident in exploring new food． |
| A．Fish have stress in the fierce fights． |
| B．Fish care about winning or losing a fight． |
| C．Fish have adaptable personalities． |
| D．Fish can learn a lot by watching others． |
Japan Earthquake, Tsunami and Nuclear Crisis
The earthquake off the coast of Japan on March 11, 2011 was one of the biggest recorded, measuring 9 on the Richter scale（里氏震级）．
It was the resulting tsunami, however, that caused the most destruction．It devastated the northeast of Japan, leaving many thousands dead or missing, and -hundreds of thousands homeless or leaving the area．In addition, various power generators（发电机组） failed．Some older nuclear power stations risked meltdown and suffered explosions and radioactive leaks．Workers battled for weeks to try and bring the situation under control．Radioactive material was detected in various places．
It is thought that the cost of the earthquake and tsunami could be over $ 300 billion-the world"s most expensive natural disaster on record．
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina was a destroyed category 4（四级） hurricane, the highest category, that hit the Gulf of Mexico and various Southern regions of the United States at the end of August, 2005, causing the worst damage in that country"s history, estimated at $ 100 billion．The famous New Orleans city and surrounding areas were worst hit as much of it sits some 6 feet below sea level．City defenses, such as banks, only designed for categary 3 type hurricanes, gave way, leading to enormous flooding and associated damage, death and displacement of around 100, 000 people who either chose to say the course, or could not afford to flee．
小题1:Where would this passage most probably appear?
| A．In a textbook． | B．In a magazine． | C．In a paper． | D．In a website． |
| A．Because they are lazy and poor． |
| B．Because they desire help from rich countries． |
| C．Because they lack resources to deal with the destruction and rebuild their home． |
| D．Because they never think of protecting their home． |
| A．Built． | B．Completed． | C．Discovered． | D．Destroyed． |
| A．Radioactive material． | B．Tsunami． |
| C．Earthquake． | D．Power generators" explosion． |
A．Hurricane Katrina also hit the northern part of the USA．
B．Hurricane Katrina caused the second the worst damage in the history of the USA．
C．All parts of New Orleans city were below sea level．
D．City defenses in New Orleans couldn"t deal with Hurricane Katrina．
Practice where you can and when you can. And practice is good — whether you speak to someone who is a native English speaker or not.
It’s important to build up your confidence. If possible, use the simple sentence structure that you know is correct, so that you can concentrate on getting your message across.
Try to experiment with the English you know. Apply (应用) words and phrases you know to new situations. Native English speakers are likely to correct you if you use the wrong word. They usually don’t mind if you use wrong grammar.
Try to respond to what people say to you. You can often get clues to what people think by looking at their body language. Respond to them in a natural way.
Never translate everything into your own language. It takes you much time and you’ll find it difficult to find an English answer right away. You don’t know how to do well. The more you want to act well, the more slowly you act. This will make you hesitant.
If you forget a word, do what native English speakers do all the time, and say things that ‘fill’ the conversation. This is better than remaining completely silent. Try using ‘um’, ‘er’, if you forget the word.
Don’t speak too fast! It’s important to use a natural rhythm (节奏) in speaking English, but if you speak too fast it will be difficult for people to understand you.
Try to relax when you speak, and you’ll find that your mouth does most of the pronunciation work for you. Speak English at a normal speed.
Final tips: Try to become less hesitant. Don’t be shy to speak — the more you do it, the more confident you’ll become. Remember to be polite — use “please” and “thank you” if you ask someone to do something for you.
小题1:What is the text mainly about?
| A．Good ways of studying English well. |
| B．Suggestions on becoming a confident speaker. |
| C．Things to pay attention to when speaking English. |
| D．How to correct your mistakes as you speak English. |
| A．9. | B．10. | C．11. | D．12. |
| A．sure about what to do |
| B．fast to make a good decision |
| C．successful in answering questions |
| D．uncertain about how to express yourself |
| A．English beginners | B．native English speakers |
| C．English teachers | D．language experts |
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