题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
These have led some people to think that creatures can actually count. They also point to dogs that have been taught to respond to questions about numbers with the correct number of barks.
Animals respond to quantities only when they are connected to survive as in the case of the eggs, or survive as in the case of food. They can “count” only when the objects are present and only when the numbers involved are small—no more than seven or eight. In lab experiments, animals which are trained to count one kind of objects were unable to count any other type. What interests them are the objects, not the numbers. Animals’ achievements simply are not equal to evidence of counting. They only show the results of clever, careful training.
小题1:The author refers to Gilbert’s book in paragraph 1 in order to_______.
| A．support the idea that animals can count |
| B．show attitudes have changed since 1786 |
| C．prove that some animals are aware of quantities |
| D．indicate that more research is needed in this field |
| A．caterpillars | B．bees |
| C．mice | D．plovers |
| A．quickly | B．carefully |
| C．occasionally | D．secretly |
| A．A news report. | B．A science fiction. |
| C．A park guide. | D．A biology magazine. |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:D
解析
试题分析：这篇文章介绍动物有数字的意识，并通过一些实验来证明这点。
小题1:细节题：从第一段的句子：Certain animals know without analysis the difference between a number of objects and a smaller number. 可知作者提到Gilbert的书是为了证明动物有数字意识。选C
小题2:排除题：文章第一段的句子：removed one egg a day from a kind of bird Plover’s nest, ，It has also been noted that a certain type of bees always provides ，和Research has also shown that both mice and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between odd (奇数) and even (偶数) numbers of food pieces.可知作者提到BCD都能意识到数字，但没有说毛毛虫可以意识到数字。选A
小题3:猜词题：从句意看是作者偷偷每天从珩科鸟的鸟巢中拿掉一个蛋，选D
小题4:文章出处题：这篇文章介绍动物有数字的意识，应该是出自生物杂志。选D
点评：本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息或是其变体。搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。做这类题一般采用寻读法即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。
核心考点
试题【Certain animals know without analysis the difference between a number of objects】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
At least 20 million sea horses are taken from the ocean each year. More than 95% are used for traditional medicines in Asian countries. The sea horses are usually dried and then made into powder which is used to treat such problems as asthma（哮喘）, throat infections, skin diseases and cuts. How well the medicines work is unclear.
Sea horses are also bought and sold in large numbers as pets. Sea horse expert Amanda Vincent warns against buying pet sea horses. “A lot of people treat them as if they’re goldfish,” she says. But sea horses require very special care and live food. Most captive (被猎取的) sea horses pick up diseases and die.
Sea horse experts are trying to teach fishermen to become sea horse farmers. Instead of pulling nets of sea horses from the ocean, fishermen could learn to raise them in specially designed saltwater “farms”. That way, fishermen would have sea horses to sell, but ocean populations would not be hurt.
Vincent and her team have only discovered the 35 different species of sea horses, and they still have plenty of sea horse secrets left to unlock. That is why, Vincent told TFK, protecting future sea horse populations is especially important: “I promise your readers that by the time they grow up to be marine biologists, we’ll still have a lot to learn.”
小题1:In the past, Romans thought the sea horse to be ______.
| A．a kind of horse | B．a kind of fish |
| C．the god of the ocean | D．one of Neptune’s pets |
| A．People in Asian countries hunt sea horses for food. |
| B．Most sea horses caught are used as medicine. |
| C．The effects of the powder of sea horses are uncertain. |
| D．35 different kinds of sea horses have been discovered. |
| A．follow | B．collect | C．get | D．create |
| A．do more research on sea horses |
| B．teach fishermen how to farm sea horses |
| C．stop hunting sea horses |
| D．ban the sea horse trade |
Lake-effect snow which is influenced by the movement of cold air over the relatively warm water of the Great Lakes often comes in late autumn and early winter. Because of the at least 20 degrees’ difference between the lake water and the overrunning air, it’s easy to form huge amounts of snow.
As the cool air crosses the water of Great Lakes, the lowest levels of the atmosphere begin to warm and pick up moisture. This newly warmed atmosphere is lighter than the cold air above it, so it starts rising. As the changed air continues to climb higher and higher, it finally meets much colder atmosphere which changes the moisture into water drops and ice, forming clouds. After this course repeats a number of times, the clouds become heavier and heavier, and then they are changed into snow and fall down.
The most important point that decides the amount of snowfall is the direction of the wind. If the wind runs perpendicularly（垂直地）across the lake, there won’t be plenty of time for clouds to develop. However, if the wind runs in the opposite direction, clouds will form easily. The longer the cold air travels over the lake, the more moisture it is able to produce, which leads to a greater amount of snow.
The largest amount of the lake-effect snow was found across the U.P. of Michigan, the northwestern Pennsylvania and the far southwestern and northwestern New York, which are all along the south or east of the Great Lakes. It has been over 100 inches of snowfall in a winter season.
小题1:The level of the snowfall depends on ________.
| A．the size of the lake |
| B．the direction of the wind |
| C．the temperature of the lake |
| D．the strength of the wind |
| A．clouds are easy to produce with the help of the perpendicular wind |
| B．cold air always falls down and picks up moisture to form clouds |
| C．the temperature of the lake water is the same as the overrunning air’s above it |
| D．the longer journey of the cold atmosphere can make a grater amount of snow |
| A．the influences of the lake-effect snow for local people |
| B．the weight between moisture and atmosphere |
| C．how the phrase “lake-effect snow” comes in New York |
| D．how the lake-effect snow forms around the Great Lakes |
According to John C. Davis, writing in E / The Environmental Magazine, just about any homeowner can collect rainwater, given that the roof and gutters do most of the work. And since an inch of rain falling on a 2,000-square-foot roof produces some 1,200 gallons of water, you can harvest enough to water your lawn or garden.
Plants and grass actually do better when fed rainwater instead of tap water, which is usually treated with substances that can hold back plant growth. Using rainwater can also extend the life of pipes, since the salts added to tap water may gradually damage the pipes. However, homeowners should set up a water purification system if they do plan to use rainwater for inside needs.
Rainwater harvesting can also be good for the local community, as it reduces the erosion, flooding, and pollution associated with heavy rainfall, and reduces dependence on public water supplies. So some states fund rainwater collection systems in their local communities.
Many varieties of rain barrel(桶) systems, starting at just $100, are available for home use. A typical setup is simply a rain barrel positioned under a gutter’s downspout. Skillful homeowners can make their own water harvesting systems, but buying one is a lot easier. Most garden centres offer a range of choices as well as tips.
小题1:The underlined word “no-brainer” in Para. 1 probably means something that ______.
| A．is hard to deal with | B．is very easy |
| C．is of no real value | D．deserves more attention |
| A．how to set up a water harvesting system | B．how a rain barrel system works |
| C．some advice on saving tap water | D．the benefits of using rainwater |
| A．Basic gardening skills. | B．Water-saving techniques. |
| C．Wastewater treatment systems. | D．Roof rainwater collection. |
Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment.
An influential theory among psychologists is that we"re cognitive misers(认知吝啬者). This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you"ve ever voted for the presidential candidate(总统候选人) with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we"d much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place – it"s so much easier to do so.
Research shows that people don"t tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we"re looking at, or the people we"re talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won"t notice – a phenomenon called “change blindness”. This isn"t an example of human stupidity – far from it, in fact – this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory.
Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs(电子人)", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark"s view, the route to a solution is not the issue – having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer.
Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don"t have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don"t know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples – an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit.
So as well as having a physical environment – like the rooms or buildings we live or work in – we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn’t point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull.
小题1:Why did the writer raise the questions in Paragraph 1?
| A．To find out who has played James Bond in the movies. |
| B．To introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage. |
| C．To show that he knows the answer to the questions. |
| D．To attract readers’ attention by mentioning James Bond. |
| A．Supportive | B．Objective | C．Indifferent | D．Neutral |
| A．Intelligence is something that is made by one’s brain itself. |
| B．Intelligence is something that only happens inside one’s head. |
| C．Intelligence is the product of one’s inner thoughts alone. |
| D．Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one’s brain cells. |
| A．are stupid not to notice the changes |
| B．are efficient in mental work |
| C．are blind to changes around them |
| D．rely on memory when dealing with things |
| A．They make us much more intelligent. |
| B．They make us lazier and more stupid. |
| C．They have little to do with our intelligence. |
| D．They have a negative effect on our intelligence. |
All the babies died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation (剥夺，丧失). What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the ability to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such extreme deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to signals of the baby, whose brain is programmed, to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times, it seems when children learn more rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.
Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed order and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.
Recent evidence suggests that a baby is born with the ability to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy bear with the sound pattern “teddy bear”.
But speech has to be developed, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, clinging, grasping, crying, smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals reduces the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal (非语言的) signals is basic to the growth and development of language.
小题1:Frederick’s experiment was extreme because _________.
| A．he wanted to prove children are born with ability to speak |
| B．he wanted his nurses to say another language |
| C．he was unkind to the nurses |
| D．he ignored the importance of mothering to the babies |
| A．they do not listen carefully to their mothers |
| B．their mothers do not respond to their attempts to speak |
| C．their brain has to absorb too much language at once |
| D．their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them |
| A．difficult periods in the child’s life |
| B．moments when the child becomes critical towards its mother |
| C．important stages in the child’s development |
| D．times when mothers often neglect their children |
| A．have a high IQ | B．be less intelligent |
| C．not necessarily be backward | D．be insensitive to verbal signals |
| A．the child will be able to speak properly |
| B．the child will continue to give out signals |
| C．the child will invent a language of own |
| D．the child will make little effort to speak |
最新试题
- 1向100克盐酸和氯化钙溶液的混物中逐滴滴入10.6%碳酸钠溶掖，且参加反应的碳酸钠溶液的质量与生成沉淀的质量之间的关系如
- 2某公司为了实现2011年1000万元利润的目标，准备制定一个激励销售人员的奖励方案：销售利润达到10万元时，按销售利润进
- 32011年6月30日，京沪高铁全线投入运营，使北京和上海之间的往来时间缩短到5小时以内。据此回答1、2题。1．下列铁路干
- 4用一个平面去截一个几何体，截出的面叫做______．
- 52008年5月12日，四川汶川发生8．0级强烈地震。在抗震救灾中，涌现出许许多多让我们感动的英雄人物，特别是一大批英雄少
- 61997年12月26日美国《时代》周刊选出的20世纪风云人物中，在探索原子能和宇宙的多种作用方面作出重大贡献的是[
- 7计算2x2×（﹣3x3）的结果是[ ]A．﹣6x5B．6x5C．﹣2x6D．2x6
- 8解方程：。
- 9 Maria is ____________ quieter and smarter than her sister.A
- 10阅读《祖国呵，我亲爱的祖国》第四节，回答下面两个问题我是你的十亿分之一，是你九百六十万平方的总和；你以伤痕累累的乳房喂养
热门考点
- 1 2008年1月10日至春节期间，我国南方地区遭受了50年一遇的特大低温、雨雪、冰冻天气，给湖南、湖北、安徽、江西
- 2如图，直线a，b被直线c所截，若a∥b，∠1=120°，则∠2的度数等于（ ）度。
- 3阅读《春天的故事》这首歌的部分歌词：一九七九年那是一个春天，有一位老人在中国的南海边画了一个圈，神话般地崛起座座城，奇迹
- 4浙江青年潘德明是人类历史上第一个只身骑车环绕地球一周的人。1933年9月，他到达德国首都柏林。当时他可能看到的景象包括（
- 5下列物质中，属于氧化物的是（ ）A．O2B．Ca（OH）2C．H2SO4D．CaO
- 6As _______teacher，you must believe that you can make _______
- 7设的所有排列的集合为；，记，；求．（其中表示集合的元素个数）．
- 821． More than one high official_____by the police since the
- 9下列划线字读音和字形全部正确的一项是 （ ）A．丢三落四là血流漂杵chǔ满腹经伦
- 10温室效应和资源短缺等问题，如何降低大气中的CO2含量并加以开发利用，引起了各国的普遍重视．目前工业上有一种方法是用CO2