题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell quickly.
But in nineteen ninety-five a teacher in northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He developed the “Pot-in-Pot Preservation/Cooling System.” It uses two round containers made of clay. A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space between the two pots is filled with wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole cooling system.
Food stored in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation(蒸发) process. Water in the sand between the two pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier outside air is moving.
The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. Some foods can be kept fresh this way for several weeks.
People throughout Nigeria began using the invention. And it became popular with farmers in other African countries. Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first five thousand pot-in-pot systems for his own community and five villages nearby.
In two thousand, the Rolex Watch Company of Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge and well-being. A committee considers projects in science and medicine, technology, exploration and discovery, the environment and cultural history. Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.
小题1:Which is the best title of the passage?
A.A Few Degrees can Make a Big Difference for Storage |
B. A Cool Way to Keep Food from Spoiling |
C. Spoiled Food Creates Health Risks and Economic Losses |
D. The Evaporation Process Creates a Drop in Temperature |
A.the structure of the invention |
B.the usage of the invention |
C.the cost of the invention |
D.the inspiration of the invention |
A.the wet cloth covering the cooling system. |
B.the moving drier air outside the container |
C.the wet sand between the containers |
D.a drop in temperature by evaporation |
A.rich and advanced families |
B.scientific experiment laboratory |
C.poor and underdeveloped area |
D.supermarket needing to store goods |
A.invented the controversial cooling system |
B.financed the systems in all communities |
C.received financial assistance for his invention |
D.invented more complicated cooling system later |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:C
小题5:C
解析
试题分析:文章介绍了穆罕默德巴林神父发明的“罐内冷却系统”的储藏食物的方法。他利用两个套在一起的罐子中间的湿沙子蒸发水分降温的原理来保存食物。这一发明还获得了瑞士的劳力士公司授予他的“劳力士雄才伟略大奖”。
小题1:主旨题,通过阅读全文可知本文介绍了一种降温方法来防止食物腐坏。故选B。
小题2:推理题,阅读第三段可知介绍了这种发明的组成和原理。故选A。
小题3:推理题。根据第五段中“The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees.”蒸发的过程会产生几度的温度下降,根据常理可知降低了温度会使食物保鲜。故选D。
小题4:推理题,阅读文章可知这个发明最初是在尼日利亚北部的人们使用,后整个尼日利亚人们都是用,再后来还在其他非洲国家的农民中流行起来,由此可知是在不发达地区和穷人中运用。故选C。
小题5:推理题,根据文章最后一句“ Winners receive financial assistance to help develop and extend their projects.”获奖者会获得财务援助以帮助开发和扩大他们的项目。根据文章可知穆罕默德巴林神父也获得这个奖项,因此可知穆罕默德巴林神父获得对他的发明的财务支持。故选C。
核心考点
试题【A few degrees can make a big difference when it comes to food storage. Foods can】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
All this saves time, but at a price.When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet lag;our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also , according to some scientists;too much use may put harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about.
However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.
There was a time when some people"s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation(耕耘) of the land or the care of cattle. No multi tasking there;their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestors faced: they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to make tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence.
小题1:What"s the passage mainly about?(within 10 words)
小题2:List the difficulties our ancestors met according to the text.(within 15 words)
①
②
③
小题3:Fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words or phrases.
小题4:Why do we make new products more and more time-saving according to Paragraph 1 of this passage?
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 3rd paragraph into Chinese.
Lunar eclipses generally occur two or three times a year, and are possible only when the Moon is full. When we see the Moon, we are actually seeing sunlight reflected off the surface of the Moon When the Earth is positioned in between the Moon and the Sun, however, the Earth"s shadow falls on the Moon, and a lunar eclipse occurs.
The type of lunar eclipse - total, partial, or penumbral (半影) - that occurs depends both on how much of the Moon passes through the Earth"s shadow and through which part of the shadow it passes. A penumbral eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth"s outer shadow. This type of eclipse is brief and frequently goes unobserved by all but astronomers. By contrast, total and partial eclipses occur when all or part, respectively, of the Moon passes through the umbra(本影) shadow of the Earth. These eclipses are quite easy to see and are widely observed.
Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are safe to watch. Solar radiation that occurs during an eclipse of the Sun can cause a form of burns of one"s eyes known as eclipse blindness. In fact, the only way to safely view a solar eclipse is by using specially designed equipment. However, since the Moon"s light is reflected sunlight, it is completely safe to watch a lunar eclipse without any special equipment, although a pair of binoculars can certainly help the viewer appreciate the beauty of this phenomenon
小题1:The underlined word "stability " most probably means_______.
A.strength | B.position | C.steadiness | D.visibility |
A.when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth |
B.when all of the Moon passes through the Earth"s umbra shadow |
C.when only a part of the Moon passes through the Earth"s outer shadow |
D.when only a part of the Moon passes through the Earth"s umbra shadow |
A.longer-lasting than most solar eclipses |
B.more common than partial or full lunar eclipse |
C.the result of the shadow cast by the Moon onto the Earth |
D.more difficult to observe than other types of lunar eclipse |
A.moonlight is less strong than sunlight |
B.a lunar eclipse is briefer than a solar eclipse |
C.a lunar eclipse lasts much longer than a solar eclipse |
D.special equipment can be employed to view a lunar eclipse |
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat (威胁)of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 31 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not solved
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property(财产)in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 1 1,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed(安装)in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower,” which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
About 250,000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption(消耗). China depends heavily on coal—fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
小题1:What problem should be settled now in London?
A.How to protect the city’s property |
B.Where to build its flood defences |
C.How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city |
D.How to improve the function of the old flood defences |
A.Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo. |
B.Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. |
C.Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”. |
D.Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings. |
A.increasing population and coal-fired power stations |
B.rising sea levels and typhoons |
C.extremely high temperature and rising sea levels |
D.extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons |
A.to tell us how to protect the big cities |
B.to give advice on how to defend natural disasters |
C.to explain what causes flood and heat waves |
D.to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities |
Teenagers must act on an endless parade of choices.Some choices.including smoking.Come with serious consequences.As a result, adolescents often find themselves trapped between their impulsive tendencies(-Just try it!)and their newfound ability to make well-informed and logical choices(-Wait, maybe that’s not such a good idea!).
So what makes the teenager’s brain so complex? What drives adolescents-more than any other age group-to sometimes make rash or questionable decisions?
If you have ever thought that the choices teenagers make are all about exploring and pushing limits, you are on to something. Experts Experts believe that this tendency marks a necessary period in teen development.The process helps prepare teenagers to confront the world on their own. It is something all humans have evolved to experience-yes, teens everywhere go through this exploratory period.Nor is it unique to people:Even laboratory mice experience a similar stage during their development.
For example,laboratory experiments show that young mice stay close by their mothers for safety. As mice grow.their behavior does too.“When they reach puberty,they’re like,‘I’m gonna start checking out how this environment looks without my mom,…explains Beatriz Luna,of the University of Pittsburgh.
As a developmental cognitive neuroscientist,Luna studies those changes that occur in the brain as children develop into adults.She and other researchers are showing how the teen experience can lead to powerful advantages later in life.Take mice again:Young mice that explore most tend to live longest——that is,unless a cat eats them,Luna adds.
小题1:What is the best title for the text?
A.Teenagers make endless choices |
B.The teenage brain drives them to be different |
C.How the teenage brain develops |
D.Researches about the teenagers |
A.It means “you are wrong”. |
B.It means“you lose your way”. |
C.It means“you get the point”. |
D.It means“you are off the point”. |
A.make no mistakes in his life. |
B.have advantages over others. |
C.loSe his confidence even his life. |
D.experience no failure and live Iongest. |
A.young mice try to look for safety. |
B.Young mice like to stay with their mothers. |
C.Mice also experience a period to explore the world. |
D.Mice experience different stages. |
A.How call a teenager make right choices |
B.Why the parents shouldn’t allow teenagers to smoke |
C.What has been discovered in the lab experiment. |
D.What really goes on in the teenage brain. |
"in the last 50 years there has been a 1 6-fold increase in ozone(臭氧)pollution”in the Beijing area,said Hanqin Tian of Auburn University in Alabama,who studies the effects of China"s pollution and climate change on plants.
Ozone is particularly harmful to plants because it damages the pores(气孔) on leaves,called stomata,which plants use to regulate how much water evaporates from the leaves.That,in turn,affectS how much water a plant must take up through its roots.Changes in water uptake by plants have been documented in other parts of the world,including the United States,as having major impacts on regional groundwater and surface water supplies.
In studies of the long-term productivity of plants,Hanqin Tian and some of his colleagues show that ozone pollution,along with climate change,has been lowering plant productivity in China,which reduces the amount of carbon and other pollutants that the plants Can absorb to fight all the emissions from the burning offossil fuels.
The worst effects on plants are likely to be in areas where the growing pollution problem is just fairly new, said Arthur Chappelka, also a plant researcher at Auburn University.Some plants are more resistant to pollutants than others,he said,and the plants that are living today in long-polluted urban areas are likely to be only those that are very pollution tolerant.
Away from the cities, however, where crops are necded to feed China’s yast population, the effeets of the growing pollution on crops is a significant concern.
“In some ways it affects the crop production and food securiy of China,”said Hanqin Tian.“Air quality is really important for human health, plants and ecosystem and sustainability.”
The problem is bound to get worse as China continues to develop economically, he said, and so he and other researchers continue to urge the Chinese government to take action to reduce emissions from cars and industries.
小题1:ozone does harm to plants mainly by ________.
A.exposing them to strong sunlight |
B.damaging the structure of their leaves |
C.adding more pores to the roots |
D.making the land unfit for the plants to grow |
A.Ozone pollution has increased 1 6 times in the past 30 years. |
B.Ozone pollution has lowered plant productivity alone. |
C.Plants can take in a large amount of carbon and other pollutants. |
D.The toxic air has few effects on food supply in China. |
A.Healthy foods are not available in Beijing. |
B.Some kinds of plants aren’t affected by air pollution. |
C.Crops in China are hard to feed its large population. |
D.People should stop developing economically |
A.care more about developing economy |
B.reduce the number of cars and industries |
C.continue to make more researches |
D.take measures to reduce carbon emissions |
A.Polluted air damages plants and crops |
B.Air pollution is becoming more serious |
C.China’s air pollution and climate changes |
D.Food security in China |
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