题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Thanks to a couple of American scientists, this situation could become real．Swadesh Chaudhuri and Derek Lovely have invented the"bacteria battery" - powered by bacteria that eats sugar and turns it into electricity．
"This is a special organism," Lovely said．"You can harvest enough electricity to power a cell phone battery for about four days from a spoonful of sugar．"
In the past, bacteria batteries have been expensive and not long-lasting． But this battery uses more efficient bacteria that can turn 80 percent of sugar into electrical energy． This is 30 percent more than similar batteries can manage．
The bacteria battery could become as small as a household battery． It"s also cheap and stable, as sugar can be taken from waste and crops．
But the sugar to electricity process is slow: it could take weeks for the bacteria to digest a cup of sugar．And it produces "greenhouse" gases which pollute the environment．
The scientists understand there is a lot more work to be done． "It is still young," said Lovely．"Where we are now is where solar power was 200r 30 years ago．"
But he believes the battery could be used in scientific equipment at the bottom of the ocean．Other ideas include using sugar in the blood to run medical devices in the human body, and taking sugar from animal waste to provide energy to power homes in rural areas．
小题1:This passage is mainly about_ ．
| A．how to change sugar into electricity |
| B．a scientific invention of a new kind of bacteria battery |
| C．a new way to reduce pollution caused by mobile phones |
| D．a new kind of mobile phones and its future |
| A．Convenient． | B．Stable． | C．Inexpensive． | D．Quick． |
| A．the bacteria battery shares some similarities with solar energy |
| B．scientists will continue their work until they find solar power |
| C．there is much room for the improvement of the bacteria battery |
| D．the bacteria battery will get popular in 20 0r 30 years |
| A．Farmers． | B．Divers． | C．Doctors． | D．Electricians． |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:D
小题3:C
小题4:D
解析
试题分析: 还在为手机里电池不够用而烦恼吗？现在科学家发明了一种会“吃糖”的电池，它可以将糖转化成电能。
小题1:B。主旨大意题。通读文章发现，文章主要介绍一种会“吃糖”的电池，它将糖转化成电能。故选B。
小题2:D。细节题。根据第六段But the sugar to electricity process is slow: it could take weeks for the bacteria to digest a cup of sugar．可知将糖转化成电能的过程比较慢，故选D。
小题3:C。根据上下文猜测句子含义。The scientists understand there is a lot more work to be done．根据第七段划线句子前文可知，因为电池的不完美，科学家认识到还有很多工作要做。 故选C。
小题4:D。推理判断题。因为细菌电池将糖转化成电能的时间很长，还会产生二氧化碳。A． Farmers农民B． Divers司机C． Doctors医生D．Electricians电工，电气专家。比较四个答案，其中电工最有可能不看好这种电池。故选D
核心考点
试题【Picture the scene: the battery on your mobile phone has run out． You can"t make 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
The study, published in science journal Current Biology, focused on sauropods, longnecked herbivores (食草动物) that munched (用力咀嚼) on the top of trees. They were the largest of the dinosaurs; food broke down in their stomachs for long periods of time. The researchers estimate that a sauropoda released 2,675 liters of methane per day—adding up to a large amount of the greenhouse gas being pumped from dinosaur"s gut into the atmosphere.
Plant eaters naturally release methane as part of their digestive process. The larger the animal, the more methane it produces. Methane, a greenhouse gas, traps heat and remains in the atmosphere for approximately 915 years, which warms the atmosphere.
Today, some animals, such as cattle, goats and sheep, produce large amounts of methane as a byproduct to their food digestion. Methane is also released from human—influenced sources such as landfill, agricultural activities, coal mining and other industrial practices—which all contribute to today"s climate change, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.
The researchers estimate that earth"s sauropods would have produced about 520 million tons of methane per year—similar to the total amount of methane produced today by natural and manmade sources. However, the researchers warn that their numbers are estimates based on multiple assumptions about the digestive systems and populations of dinosaurs.
The author of the study David Wilkinson says the emission of methane from dinosaurs would have been just one of the causes of warm climate during the Mesozoic era. Other causes include gases produced from volcanoes, swamps, shallow seas and so on. Still, Wilkinson says，“ The amount of methane from dinosaurs is large enough to have a measurable effect.”
小题1:Scientists think dinosaurs may have led to the global warming because ________.
| A．they ate everything they found |
| B．they usually had a good appetite |
| C．they released a lot of methane |
| D．there were too many dinosaurs on earth |
| A．Sauropods fed on plants. |
| B．Sauropods were of medium size. |
| C．Dinosaurs used to live on trees. |
| D．Dinosaurs digested food quickly. |
| A．Coal is dug out by machine. |
| B．Trees and flowers are planted. |
| C．Goats digest grass under the tree. |
| D．Food is being processed in the factory. |
| A．By listing some facts. |
| B．By making predictions. |
| C．By citing figures. |
| D．By using mind pictures. |
| A．methane had little effects on the earth |
| B．many other factors contributed to warm climate |
| C．other causes for warm climate were worth considering |
| D．dinosaurs were mainly to blame for global warming |
A woman in Nicaragua buys fluorescent (荧光的) light bulbs that are 80 percent more energysaving than traditional ones. Many governments are now subsidizing energysaving lights to encourage people to turn to them.Consumers are discovering that the newgeneration bulbs help them save money in the long run.
Agriculture accounts for about 14 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions (排放) , and transporting the food around adds to the environmental cost.There is a team of young vegetable growers in the United Kingdom who want to encourage kids to start planting their own fruit and vegetables.
A young lawyer wearing business clothes rides her bicycle to work in a large U．S.city.She"s been biking to work every day for the past two years and says it"s a lot easier than many people think.A recent study shows that more Americans bike or walk to work today than before.
A university student from southeastern China carries a reusable shopping bag to cut back on disposable (一次性的) plastics.Some large shopkeepers have removed paper and plastic bags, and consumers are responding.
In Canberra, Australia, summers are hot and winters cold.To save electricity, Adam Wilson in Canberra uses an energysaving heating system, and he keeps the temperature lower than he did in years past.He still makes it through the summer without air conditioning.
小题1:The passage mainly tells us that________.
| A．climate change is concerned with everyone |
| B．the global warming is getting worse |
| C．saving energy is of great necessity |
| D．human is to destroy the environment |
| A．charging | B．producing |
| C．giving allowance to | D．taking advantage of |
| A．The governments don"t expect consumers to use the newgeneration bulbs. |
| B．Agriculture should be responsible for part of the global gas emissions. |
| C．Many people in Nicaragua go to work on foot or by bike. |
| D．University students from China always carry disposable shopping bags. |
| A．the climate in Canberra is mild all the year round |
| B．an energysaving heating system will come into use |
| C．Adam Wilson has a good habit of saving energy |
| D．Adam Wilson is skilled in inventing the energysaving equipment |
Yet those who attended the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems last month were introduced to Cody, a robot that can bathe human beings.
The robot has a base that can be turned to all directions, two humanlike arms, and movable wrists (腕). It uses a camera to locate parts of the human body. It then uses bath gloves to clean with a little pressure.
The robot was designed at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Charles Kemp of the Healthcare Robotics Lab is the senior researcher for the project. In a test run, Cody was able to remove 96% of a test subject"s dirt—not bad for a robot.
But don"t go asking for Cody yet—he"s still a model. Yet researchers believe that one day Cody may take the place of nurses for this task. Researchers say that Cody will give patients dignity and protect their personal information. I suppose that would depend on the patient. I"m not sure whether a robot using a camera would make me feel very dignified.
Even so, I can appreciate the need. We don"t have enough nurses to go around, and those places that are the most shorthanded, for example, nursing homes, are those that have the most patients who are unable to bathe themselves. Still, before I get there, I hope they think of a better way to solve the problem.
小题1:The writer thinks bathing others must ________.
| A．be a lot of fun |
| B．make you feel thankful |
| C．take a lot of patience |
| D．make you feel dignified |
| A．Why and where Cody was designed. |
| B．What Cody looks like and who designed it. |
| C．What Cody can do and where it will work soon. |
| D．How Cody works and what has made that possible. |
| A．Cody can bathe patients better than a real nurse can |
| B．robots like Cody are being produced in large numbers right now |
| C．Cody can take the place of nurses completely in hospitals |
| D．researchers think Cody can protect patients" personal information |
| A．people are becoming lazier |
| B．it can bring down the cost of nursing |
| C．there are not enough nurses |
| D．there are too many nursing homes |
| A．acceptable but not perfect |
| B．strange but not creative |
| C．clever and strong |
| D．lovely and careful |
They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature and nurture. Comparing identical twins, who share all their DNA and their upbringing, with nonidentical twins, who have a shared background but are no more genetically alike than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics.
The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with selfcontrol particularly etched (铭刻) into our DNA.
Our genes also largely determine how determined and persistent we are. This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone_who_throws_in_the_towel_at_the_first_hiccough.
Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, “Ever since the ancient Greeks, people have debated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life. Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously, the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people"s ideas about what affected psychological wellbeing. However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics.”
However, those who haven"t been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn"t be too depressed. The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference.
小题1:What does the result of the research indicate?
| A．Our DNA is the only factor to decide our traits. |
| B．Our DNA plays a decisive role in achieving success. |
| C．Education plays little part in the formation of our character. |
| D．Society has little effect on us in our personality. |
| A．is born successful |
| B．determines to make a difference |
| C．makes great effort |
| D．admits defeat easily |
| A．some people can live a good life because they can manage their lives |
| B．people haven"t made it clear yet what is the key personality trait to be a success |
| C．in ancient Greece the role of family and the environment was ignored |
| D．the relationship between personality and success has always been people"s concern |
| A．determination | B．kindness |
| C．politeness | D．sociability |
| A．How do people work hard? |
| B．Why can some people succeed? |
| C．DNA determines success or failure. |
| D．Several factors determine personality. |
Firstly, write down the subject that you are interested in on a note card or piece of paper. Just put the main idea down, such as “Discover more about dinosaurs.”
Next, think for a moment about what you already know about your subject and list information like the sentences below：
1. Dinosaurs lived long before human beings appeared.
2. Dinosaurs lived on the earth for more than 150 million years.
3. Some dinosaurs fed on plants, some on meat.
Thirdly, ask yourself “What can I do with what I want to learn？” On your paper, start writing down questions about the dinosaurs as you think of them：
1. What"s the best weather for dinosaurs to live in?
2. How many kinds of dinosaurs are there?
3. Have dinosaurs really disappeared?
Fourthly, armed_with_your_list_of_questions,_you can now visit the nearest library or turn to computer to begin your research. As you learn more about your subject, you"ll probably discover some new questions.
For example, you might discover that dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. Why? What happened? Asking new questions can help you research your subject more deeply.
The next time you find something interesting to research, take time to organize your thinking by asking good questions. And remember—learning more always bring more questions.
小题1:While doing some research, you should take the following steps________.
①list what you want to know
②choose a research subject
③list what you already know
④discover new problems
| A．①④③② | B．①②④③ |
| C．②③①④ | D．②①④③ |
| A．Taking your list of questions with you to do more research. |
| B．Writing down your list of questions before turning to the computer. |
| C．Discussing your questions with your classmates for solution. |
| D．Putting your questions aside before going to the library. |
| A．You can find all the answers online. |
| B．Learn more, and you"ll have no questions. |
| C．Asking questions is the only way for research. |
| D．During the research, more questions may arise. |
| A．Discovering Dinosaurs |
| B．Asking Good Questions |
| C．Finding Suitable Subjects |
| D．Having Interesting Answers |
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