Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky：Ⅰ became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger，faster planes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理)，or CRM，a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result，regardless of positions.
I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying；I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down.He was a better pilot－and my boss － so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to：Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said，“We need to put the landing gear down now！” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM，and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn’t overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．
小题1:What does the author say about doctors in general?| A．They like flying by themselves. | | B．They are unwilling to take advice. | | C．They pretend to be good pilots. | | D．They are quick learners of CRM. |
小题2:The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when________.| A．he saved the plane by speaking up | | B．he was in charge of a flying task | | C．his boss landed the plane too late | | D．his boss operated on a patient |
小题3:In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means ________.| A．following flying requirements | | B．overreacting to different opinions | | C．listening to what fellow doctors say | | D．making a mistake that may cost lives |
小题4:Which of the following can be the best title for the text?| A．CRM：A New Way to Make Flying Safe | | B．Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor | | C．The Making of a Good Pilot | | D．A PilotTumed Doctor |
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小题1:B
小题2:A
小题3:D
小题4:B |
这是一篇记叙文。作者从自己的一次飞行经历中学会了一个道理，从而使自己成了一名更好的医生。这个道理就是：一个人不论职位高低，为了所有人的安全，都要敢于表达自己的意见。
小题1:解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段前两句话Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.以及最后一段第二句话It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite...which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.可知，医生们不愿听取别人的意见。
小题2:解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第五句话He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down.及后面的Our lives were in danger.可知，如果不是作者及时提醒，飞机及机上人员都很危险。所以选A。根据第二段第四句The attending doctor was flying；I was safety pilot.可知B项不对；根据第二段第三句The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.可知C项不对；根据第二段第六句可知他的上司正在驾驶飞机，所以D项不对。
小题3:解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段最后几句So when I’m in the operating room...someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．(因此，当我在手术室里的时候，我征求其他医生的建议和帮助。有时他们不愿意发表意见。但是我希望如果我继续鼓励他们，有一天有人会阻止我“犯错误”。)可知，答案应选D。
小题4:解析：选B。主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，作者通过一次飞行经历学会了一个道理，从而成了一名更好的医生。所以选B。 |
核心考点
试题【Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already k】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
Going green seems to be a fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days.Whether that is good or bad，we can’t really say，but for the two of us，going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.
On April 22,2011，we decided to go green every single day for an entire year.This meant doing 365 different green things，and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things.Rather than recycle and reduce our energy，we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.
With the idea of going green every single day for a year，Our Green Year started.My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment.We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.
Over the course of Our Green Year，we completely changed our lifestyles.We now shop at organic(有机的)stores.We consume less meat，choosing green food.We have greatly reduced our buying we don’t need.We have given away half of what we owned through websites.Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice，with no chemical cleaners.We make our own butter，enjoying the smell of homemade fresh bread.In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.
Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year.We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others.We believe that we do have the power to change things and help our planet.
小题1:What might be the best title for the passage?| A．Going Green | | B．Protecting the Planet | | C．Keeping OpenMinded | | D．Celebrating Our Green Year |
小题2:It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because________.| A．they were expected to follow the green fad | | B．they didn’t know how to educate other people | | C．they were unwilling to reduce their energy | | D．they needed to perform unusual green tasks |
小题3:What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?| A．They tried to get out of their ungreen habits. | | B．They ignored others’ ungreen behavior. | | C．They chose better chemical cleaners. | | D．They sold their homemade food. |
小题4:What can we infer from the last paragraph?| A．The government will give support to the green project. | | B．The couple may continue their project in the future. | | C．Some people disagree with the couple’s green ideas. | | D．Our Green Year is becoming a national campaign. |
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In my living room，there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to“Bloom (开花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy.I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s，when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville，Kentucky.The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program.Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who“bloomed”in her remote area.
Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County，Kentucky，Appalachian Mountain area.To get to her school from the town of Harlan，I followed a road winding around the mountain.In the eightmile journey，I crossed the same railroad track five times，giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times.Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains，I found it depressing.The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.
From the moment of my arrival at the little school，all gloom (忧郁) disappeared.Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom.I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen.The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects.Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for“dinner”(lunch)．In case you don’t know，poke greens are a weedtype plant that grows wild，especially on poor ground.
Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students.Her enthusiasm never cooled down.When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification，Dorothy was ready.She came to the assessment and passed in all areas.Afterward，she invited me to the oneandonly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory，as if she had received her Ph.D.degree.After the meal，she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand.She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝)，but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.
小题1:“Early Childhood Development”in Paragraph 1 refers to________.| A．a program directed by Dorothy | | B．a course given by the author | | C．an activity held by the students | | D．an organization sponsored by Union college |
小题2:In the journey，the author was most disappointed at seeing________.| A．the long track | | B．the poor houses | | C．the same train | | D．the winding road |
小题3:Upon arriving at the classroom，the author was cheered up by________.| A．a warm welcome | | B．the sight of poke greens | | C．Dorothy’s latest projects | | D．a big dinner made for her |
小题4:What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?
A．She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
B．She got a pen as a gift from the author.
C．She passed the required assessment.
D．She received her Ph.D.degree.
小题5:What does the author mainly intend to tell us?| A．Whatever you do，you must do it carefully. | | B．Whoever you are，you deserve equal treatment. | | C．However poor you are，you have the right to education. | | D．Wherever you are，you can accomplish your achievement. |
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Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870，it was experiencing an economic(经济的)boom，and the capital，Buenos Aires，attracted many people.Farmers，as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy，came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn’t pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city，the dance known as the tango(探戈舞)came into being.
At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes.It was danced in the bars and streets.At that time there were many fewer women than men，so if a man didn’t want to be left out，his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.Gradually，the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.
In Europe at this time，strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning.This interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris.Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞)to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters.After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe，they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes.Though not everyone approved of the new dance，saying it was a little too shocking，the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.
The popularity(流行)of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world.Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America.It reached Japan in 1926，and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador，and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.
小题1:The origin of the tango is associated with________.| A．belly dancers | | B．American soldiers | | C．a Spanish city | | D．the capital of Argentina |
小题2:Which of the following is true about the tango?| A．It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy. | | B．People of the upper classes loved the tango most. | | C．It was often danced by two males in the beginning. | | D．A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador. |
小题3:Before World War I，the tango spread to________.| A．America | B．Japan | | C．France | D．South Korea |
小题4:What can be the best title for the text?| A．How to Dance the Tango | | B．The History of the Tango | | C．How to Promote the Tango | | D．The Modern Tango Boom |
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Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.
I say clever because antislavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions，Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.
Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial，at least today，of Twain’s novels，Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn，Twain’s most widely read tale.Once upon a time，people hated the book because it struck them as rude.Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel“trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurrences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)
But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly antislavery.Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out，the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities，“the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim，the father and the man.”
There is much more.Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South，switched him for the master’s baby by his wife.The slave’s lightskinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slaveholding class.The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.
The point was difficult to miss：nurture (养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were，to Twain，indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.
Twain’s racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called“nigger shows”in his youth—mostly with white men performing in blackface—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.
Was Twain a racist? Asking the questioning the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the“wisdom”of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white，fought and won a war to free him.And Twain，raised in a slave state，briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.
小题1:How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowe’s?| A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism. | | B．Twain’s attack on racism was much less open. | | C．Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots. | | D．Twain was openly concerned with racism. |
小题2:Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its________.| A．target readers at the bottom | | B．antislavery attitude | | C．rather impolite language | | D．frequent use of“nigger” |
小题3:What best proves Twain’s antislavery stand according to the author?| A．Jim’s search for his family was described in detail. | | B．The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels. | | C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture. | | D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent. |
小题4:The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that________.| A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters | | B．slaves’ babies could pick up slaveholders’ way of speaking | | C．blacks’social position was shaped by how they were brought up | | D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice |
小题5:What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?| A．The attacks. | | B．Slavery and prejudice. | | C．White men. | | D．The shows. |
小题6:What does the author mainly argue for?| A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism. | | B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln. | | C．Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds. | | D．Twain’s works should be read from a historical point of view. |
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A little boy was learning to play the piano in a musical school.One day，Paderewski，who was a very famous ____in Poland，was holding a piano concert in his city.Wishing to encourage her young son"s ____ on the piano，his mother took the boy to the Paderewski concert.After they were seated，the mother ____a friend in the audience，who she hadn"t met for a long time.So she walked down the aisle(过道)to ____her.The mother and her friend stood ____happily for a while before the ____.Seizing the opportunity，the little boy rose and eventually made his way through a door ____“No Admittance”to explore the wonders of the concert hall.
When the house lights became ____and the concert was about to begin，the mother returned to her ___.And she discovered that her child was ____.She looked around，but her son was nowhere to be seen.Suddenly，the ____parted and spotlights ____on the impressive piano on the stage.To her ___，the mother saw her little boy sitting at the ___，innocently playing Twinkle，Twinkle Little Star on the piano.
At that moment，the great piano master made his entrance.He____moved to the piano in a hurry，and ___in the boy"s ear，“Don"t ____.Keep playing.”Then leaning over，Paderewski reached down with his left hand and began filling in a bass(低音的)part.Soon his____arm reached around to the other side of the child and he added a running obbligato(伴奏)．Together，the old master and the young beginner transformed a frightening situation into a (n) ____experience.
The audience had never seen such a performance form.They listened curiously and attentively，____in the wonderful music world.
| 小题1: | | A．violinist | B．scientist | | C．artist | D．pianist |
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| 小题2: | | A．progress | B．curiosity | | C．talent | D．interest |
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| 小题3: | | A．called | B．spotted | | C．made | D．treated |
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| 小题4: | | A．congratulate | B．welcome | | C．greet | D．help |
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| 小题5: | | A．chatting | B．quarreling | | C．joking | D．laughing |
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| 小题6: | | A．class | B．lecture | | C．meeting | D．performance |
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| 小题7: | | A．decorated | B．equipped | | C．packed | D．marked |
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| 小题8: | | A．dim | B．bright | | C．shiny | D．colorful |
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| 小题9: | | A．home | B．table | | C．seat | D．piano |
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| 小题10: | | A．missing | B．sick | | C．afraid | D．asleep |
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| 小题11: | | A．friends | B．door | | C．stage | D．curtain |
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| 小题12: | | A．insisted | B．took | | C．focused | D．agreed |
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| 小题13: | | A．horror | B．delight | | C．shame | D．pride |
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| 小题14: | | A．floor | B．keyboard | | C．spotlight | D．entrance |
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| 小题15: | | A．quickly | B．angrily | | C．slowly | D．sadly |
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| 小题16: | | A．shouted | B．cried | | C．talked | D．whispered |
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| 小题17: | | A．wait | B．quit | | C．speak | D．play |
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| 小题18: | | A．short | B．long | | C．right | D．left |
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| 小题19: | | A．creative | B．attractive | | C．embarrassing | D．puzzling |
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| 小题20: | | A．engaged | B．caught | | C．involved | D．lost |
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