题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Recently, two scientists, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytehnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, show a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts.
In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right hand. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.
“Our brain has billions of body cells(细胞). These send signals through the spinal cord(脊髓) to the body part to give us the ability to move. But spinal cord injuries(脊柱受伤) or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the body part.” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with outer world and also to control machines.”
The scientists designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer finds meanings of the signals and commands the wheelchair with an engine. The wheelchair also has two cameras that tell objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.
Prof. Millan , the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that finds meanings of brain signals and turns them into simple commands.” The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two kinds: communication, and controlling objects. One example is this wheelchair.”
He says his team has set two goals. One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can get advantages from. And the other is sure that they can use the technology for long.
小题1:BCI is a technology that can________.
| A．help to make computer systems more modern |
| B．connect the human brain with computers |
| C．help the disabled to be healthier |
| D．control a person’s thoughts |
| A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair |
| B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair |
| C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair |
| D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair |
| A．make money from them |
| B．prove the technology useful to them |
| C．make them live longer |
| D．learn about their physical condition |
| A．Switzerland, the BCI research Center |
| B．New Findings About How the Human Brain Works |
| C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled |
| D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Sickness |
答案
小题1:B
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:C
解析
试题分析：短文大意：这篇短文主要讲述了将人脑同电脑连接起来，以帮助那些残疾人解决一些生活问题的技术。文中简单的介绍了这种技术的基本原理和科学家为此进行的努力。
小题1:细节理解题。根据第一段Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to connect the brain with computers. 描述，可知这种技术指的是，将人类大脑和电脑联系起来的技术。故选B。
小题2:细节理解题。根据This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them to a computer. The computer finds meanings of the signals and commands the wheelchair with an engine.描述，可知信号首先从头皮传送到这顶帽子，然后发送到电脑，电脑分析这些信号表示的含义，再向轮椅发出指令。故选C。
小题3:细节理解题。根据短文最后一段描述，可知这个团队在病人身上试验的目的是为了验证这项技术是否有用。故选B。
小题4:标题归纳题。阅读短文可知这篇短文主要讲述了将人脑同电脑连接起来，以帮助那些残疾人解决一些生活问题的技术，故选C，脑机接口技术对于残疾人来说意味着更多的自由。
核心考点
试题【Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to connect the brain wi】；主要考察你对科普环保类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
"When we say some people "sweet", we mean they are kind and friendly to us. Perhaps this word can help us learn more about people"s feelings and acts." said Brian Meier, a scientist from the study team. "Taste is something we experience every day. What we have done is to find whether we can know someone"s character and behavior depending on their taste."
In one of their experiments, college students were asked questions about their character- whether, for example, they were soft-hearted or not. Then they were asked to make a list of their favorite food. According to their answers, the scientists found that the students who liked sweet food were nicer.
In their another experiment, the scientists found that people who preferred sweet food such as cookies and chocolate were more willing to help other people in need, and those who ate non-sweet food such as chips weren"t. For example, people with a sweet tooth were more likely to volunteer to clean up their city, visit sick children in the hospital and so on.
The result of the experiments is that people"s helpfulness or being nice has something to do with their taste for sweet food. So eating sweet food is a useful way to make people nice and helpful. Next time, try some ice-cream.
小题1:The underlined word "it" in the sentence "Many experts use it to tell people it"s important to have a good eating habit." refers to______.
| A．the sweet food | B．the English saying |
| C．the American team | D．the eating habit |
| A．overweight | B．excited | C．relaxed | D．friendly |
| A．chips | B．chocolate | C．ice-cream | D．cookies |
| A．scientists asked college students questions about their future |
| B．scientists told college students not to eat sweet food |
| C．people with a sweet tooth are more willing to help others |
| D．people"s character has nothing to do with their taste |
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"All right then-just one more piece…" Words every girl has said when they are faced with the delicious cheesecake. Of course, many of us know we may eat the whole thing in the end.
It isn"t just girls. Most of us find it hard to say "no" to something attractive, However, scientists now say that willpower is very important to success and a happy life.
Scientists in different countries have been studying the effects of willpower on people"s lives for a long time. The results are similar, according to an article on February 7 in the Guardian, a famous British newspaper.
In one experiment, scientists told young children that they could either have a marshmallow(圆形软糖) now, or two marshmallows in 15 minutes. Waiting obviously needed more willpower. Scientists then continued studying the children as they grew up. They wanted to see if some children always had stronger willpower. They also wanted to see how having stronger willpower affected their lives.
Years later, scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier, happier and richer adults. Oppositely, the children who had shown weaker willpower at that young age were more likely to be in low-paid jobs, to be overweight, to have social problems.
But there is hope, Roy F Baumeister, an American social psychology(心理学) professor(教授) told the Guardian. Baumeister says we can train our willpower just like we train our muscles. Even a little practice can strengthen our overall self-control if we do it regularly.
You could start by making yourself stand up straight, speaking in complete sentences, or using a computer mouse with the other hand. Scientists have found that people who manage to change little habits often perform much better in laboratory willpower tests.
Like muscles, willpower can "get tired". Don"t try to do too many things at the same time, or when you don"t have enough energy, for example when you are ill. If you already feel tired, you can try to recharge(恢复) your willpower with a good night"s sleep and by eating well.
小题1:The example of a girl eating cheesecake is used to_______.
| A．prove that girls have weak willpower |
| B．introduce the topic of willpower to the readers |
| C．show that cheesecake is especially attractive to girls |
| D．show the connection between willpower and success |
| A．The scientists had already known the results before the experiment. |
| B．It showed that willpower is the most important to success and a happy life. |
| C．The children who chose to wait were more likely to be successful in their lives. |
| D．The children who chose only one marshmallow at first had stronger willpower. |
| A．You should have a goal every day. |
| B．Good rest and proper diet can help. |
| C．Willpower needs to be exercised regularly. |
| D．Keep willpower from being used too much. |
| A．How willpower and muscles are similar and how they can be trained. |
| B．How willpower affects people"s lives and how it is similar to muscles. |
| C．How willpower is important to success and how we can make it stronger. |
| D．How willpower is connected with success and how they affect each other. |
We eat food to get energy, so we should eat when we feel hungry. But do we really eat only when we are hungry? No, we sometimes eat even when we’re not hungry, and this causes overeating ----eating too much. But overeating can do a lot of harm , as it can cause obesity（肥胖）that can cause heart problems and other illnesses.
There are many common reasons that make us eat too much.
Meeting friends may be good for our social life, but it can also be one of the main reasons for overeating. We usually pay no attention to our health when we meet with friends.
Moods such as anger, sadness, happiness ,fear are the most common ones that make us eat food to help us feel better .
Busy lifestyles can have an effect on our eating habits .We start eating too quickly just to save time , as a result ,we eat more than our body’s requirement . When we eat meals or snacks too fast, our brain takes some time to realize that it’s full, and of course it results in overeating.
Temperature plays a very important role in deciding our food habitat In winters, we usually have warm or hot drinks like coffee, tea, hot chocolate and heavy meals to keep ourselves warm . In summers , we have ice dreams ,desserts and other drinks .These foods with the regular food add to calorie and lead to overeating .
Supermarkets have lots of attractive offers to get us to buy things that we may or may not need .There is no doubt we love eating and when we are served with our favourite food , we act like we have never seen food before .
We have always been taught to finish everything that is on the plate .So, even when we start feeling full , we keep on eating till our plate is empty or till we stop feeling guilty about wasting food .
How to control how much you put in your stomach ? here are some ways .
Use smaller plates and tall, skinny glasses. It seems that there is more food on the plate and more to drink in the glass. Smaller serving containers（容器）help stop you from putting much food and drink .
Make the sweets and other snacks out of reach . Get the candy dish off your desk and set out a bowl of fruit instead .
Don’t overeat
| ___小题1:_that is caused by overeating | Overeating can cause obesity and some illnesses. |
| Common ___小题2:___ of overeating | *When we eat with our friends, we eat too much ___小题3:___paying attention to our health. * When we __小题4:____ from different moods, we often turn to food to feel better. * Busy lifestyles can __小题5:____our eating habits. We eat too fast to save time. * Because of temperatures in different __小题6:_____, we have some food that adds to calorie. * Attractive offers in the supermarkets make us buy and eat our ___小题7:____food. * We don’t __小题8:____ eating until the plate is empty. |
| __小题9:___to control overeating | *Don’t use __小题10:_____ serving containers when you eat food or drink. *Don’t make it easy to eat the unhealthy food. |
The "spider-story" is often told as an example of this. Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13th century, was hiding in a hole on a hill from the English. He watched a spider(蜘蛛) making a web. Bruce is said to have got confidence from this and to have gone on to beat the English. Edison, too, the inventor of the light bulb(电灯泡) , made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one.
So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were you in high spir¬it then? What can you change so that things will go right the next time?
Second, is the goal(目标) you are trying to reach the right one? Try to do some thinking about what your real goals may be. Think about this question: "If I am successful in this, where will it get me?" This may help to prevent failure in the things you shouldn"t be doing anyway.
The third thing to remember about failure is that it"s a part of life. Learn to "live with yourself” even though you may have failed. Remember, "You can"t win them all. “
小题1:Robert Bruce was mentioned in the passage to show that .
| A．people who fail are not lonely |
| B．animals can help people sometimes |
| C．nature will help us if we are hard-working |
| D．confidence is important for one to be successful |
| A．he liked to do other kinds of work |
| B．he invented many kinds of light bulbs |
| C．failure may be a way towards success |
| D．he was a man of many important inventions |
| A．change your goal | B．go on with your goal |
| C．not care for that | D．work even harder on your goal |
| A．one should try not to fail |
| B． one"s failure is another"s success |
| C．one should take failures seriously |
| D．one should learn lessons from failures |
| A．two great men |
| B． two sides of failure |
| C．ways to keep away from failure |
| D． the right attitude(态度) towards failure |
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