题目
题型：上海模拟题难度：来源：
out, they attend to their feelings. As thoughts go through their minds, they let them go. Breathe. Let go.
Breathe. Let go.
According to a recent study at the Insight Meditation Society in Barre, Massachusetts, three months of
training in this kind of meditation causes a marked change in how the brain allocates attention. It appears
that the ability to let go thoughts that come into mind frees the brain to attend to more rapidly changing things
and events in the outside world. Expert mediators are better than other people at catching such fast-changing
stimuli, like facial expressions.
The study provides evidence for changes in the workings of the brain with mental training. People can
learn and improve abilities of all sorts with practice, everything from driving to playing the piano. The study
has shown that meditation is good for the brain. It appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of well-
being.
In an experiment, 17 volunteers with no meditation experience in the experimental group spent three
months meditating 10 to 12 hours a day. A control group also with no meditation experience meditated for
20 minutes a day over the same period. Both groups were then given the tests with two numbers in a group
of letters. As both groups looked for the numbers, their brain activity was recorded.
Everyone could catch the first number. But the brain recordings showed that the less experienced
mediators tended to grasp the first number and hang onto it, so they missed the second number. Those with
more experience gave less attention to the first number, as if letting it go, which led to an increased ability to
grasp the second number. This shows that attention can change with practice.
Just ask Daniel Levision, who meditated for three months as part of the study. "I am a much better
listener," he said. "I do not get lost in my own personal reaction to what people are saying."
B. minds
C. people
D. feelings
B. were used to memorizing numbers in groups
C. were more likely to catch both of the numbers
D. paid more attention to numbers than to letters
B. Mediators can manage their daily tasks better.
C. Mediators can play the piano better.
D. Mediators are good at using numbers.
B. Mediators have a good sense of hearing.
C. Brain activity can be recorded.
D. Human attention can be trained.
答案
核心考点
试题【Reading comprehension. In meditation (冥想), people sit quietly and focus thei】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
say that it could have a lot of health benefits. When you think of forgiveness, you probably don"t think of it as
being a health or medical problem. Studies from Stanford University, on the other hand, show that something
like anger can change your well-being.
When cartoon book characters like the Incredible Hulk get angry, they change colours and often gain special
power. In the real world, anger is less obvious and may be more dangerous. That"s why Professor Fred Lufkin,
founder of the Stanford Forgiveness Project and author of Forgive for Good, says holding on to anger and
hatred can harm your physical and mental health. Two new studies seem to show the same idea.
The studies find that people who are able to forgive feel less stress, less back pain, and less depression.
They also have fewer headaches, lower blood pressure, and fewer problems on sleeping.
So it doesn"t matter if your anger is caused by the traffic or other things. Learning to let it go is important.
Techniques such as deep breath or thought can help. Or just ask yourself if it"s worth hurting yourself by
staying angry with someone else.
Forgiveness does not mean that you simply accept what happened and say it"s OK. Instead, it"s a way of
making peace with yourself about what happened in the past.
B. based on his own experience
C. by mentioning some studies
D. by mentioning some typical patients
B. introduce a famous expert
C. let the reader know the different colours of cartoon faces
D. show how to control one"s temper
B. Forgiveness Is Good for Health
C. A Secret to Keeping Healthy
D. Anger Is Bad for Health
in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, most of the deaths are preventable, with basic
medical care.
The five leading causes are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, long-time labor and bad abortions (流
产). Mothers" deaths from such causes were largely reduced nearly a century ago in developed countries.
Experts say that what kill many women are "the three delays"-the woman"s delay in deciding to go to the
hospital, the time she loses traveling there and the hospital"s delay in starting treatment. Only about 15 percent
of births have dangerous complications (并发症).
Women lack education and information about birth control. Husbands and in-laws may decide where a
woman gives birth and insist that she stay at home to save money. However, there is no single solution for
a problem with so many factors-shortages of doctors, nurses, drugs, equipment, roads and transportation-
though hospital officials are trying many things now.
One stopgap measure to solve the problem for the present has been to train assistant medical officers, to
perform certain operations. Some African countries are now struggling to train more assistants and midwives
(接生婆), and provide places for pregnant women to stay near hospitals.
But there is a long way to go. Only 20 percent of women in the continent give birth at the hospital. More
than 50 percent stay at home to give birth, and the rest go to local clinics that cannot handle emergencies.
B. High blood pressure.
C. Traveling long distances.
D. Bleeding.
B. temporary
C. effective
D. instant
B. Developed countries should help African countries reduce mothers" deaths.
C. The husbands in poor countries should take responsibility for their wives" deaths.
D. The governments of African countries have to take more effective measures to save pregnant women.
childbirth?
B. Negative.
C. Objective.
D. Subjective.
wooden bins. This new system does away with all that and with lots of expensive bin lorries.
"Nobody sees anything happening, there"s no bins, there"s no trucks on street, there"s no boxes, there
is no kids on the bikes trying to fight with dust cars going up on the street. It"s safe, it"s clean, and it"s
healthy for everybody."
This is how it works: you sort your rubbish into special containers in your kitchen, then take the bags
to one of these. They drop down into the building"s basement. Twice a day, a powerful vacuum sucks them
away to a collection centre down a single pipe. First, the food waste, then general rubbish, then stuff for
recycling, like paper and cans.
In the past thirty years, the system"s been equipped around the world, from Stockholm to Barcelona,
Disneyland to Dubai, but never in the UK. One problem: it"s expensive. Local councils don"t pay the cost
of equipment. The developer here next to Wembley Stadium, says it makes sense partly because this
development is the size of a small town.
"We own the entire site, the 85 acres and all the roads. And that"s the fundamental that we control the
public ground. And we take a benefit of that because our public ground"s going to be great as a consequence
of this system."
"And this is where it ends up, the central collection centre. That great big green pipe is the outlet from
the underground network and laid in all the roads around here. These great big things are essentially enormous
intensive vacuum cleaner that will swirl (使旋转) the rubbish around, the air, goes off to the top. The waste
goes down to the bottom and then it is shifted to one of these containers where it can be put on to a lorry
and taken away." Environmentally, it"s claimed the systems are great improvement, but it has a challenge.
B. Labor consumption.
C. Big size.
D. Good safety.
B. Put rubbish bags in basement-suck rubbish by a vacuum-sort rubbish-shift to containers.
C. Sort rubbish-shift to containers-suck rubbish by a vacuum-put rubbish bags in basement.
D. Suck rubbish by a vacuum-sort rubbish-shift to containers-put rubbish bags in basement.
B. to take up the size of a small town
C. to equip itself in the UK
D. to be environmentally friendly
Your address was forwarded to us by Why Bother Magazine. All of us here think The International
Institute
Not Doing Much is the best organization in the world. You know how to avoid unnecessary activities!
We closely followed the advice in your article. First, we replaced all our telephones with carrier
pigeons. Simply removing the jingle of telephones and replacing them with the pleasant sounds of birds
has had a remarkable effect on everyone. Besides, birds are cheaper than telephone service. After all,
we are a business. We have to think of the bottom line. As a side benefit, the birds also fertilize the lawn
outside the new employee sauna.
Next, we sold the computers of, to Stab, Grab, Grit, and Nasty, a firm of lawyers nearby. Our
electricity bill went way down. Big savings! The boss is impressed. We have completely embraced paper
technology. Now that we all use pencils, doodling is on the increase, and the quality of pencilwomanship
is impressive, as you can tell from my handwriting in this letter. By the way, if you can, please send this
letter back to us. We can erase and reuse it. Just tie it to Maggie"s leg and she"ll know where to take it.
Now it"s very calm and quiet here. You can notice the di fference. No more loud chatter on the
telephones! All we hear is the scratching of pencil on paper, the sound of pigeons, and the delivery of inter-
office correspondence by paper airplane.
Wonderful! I"ve always wanted to work for an insurance company ever since I was a little girl. Now
it"s perfect.
Sincerely yours,
Eleanor Lightly
Spokeswoman and ComPany Hair Stylist
ABC Activity Insurance: Insure against overdoing it
B. ABC Activity Insurance Company.
C. Stab, Grab, Grit, and Nasty Law Firm.
D. The International Institute of Not Doing Much.
B. Turning off lights in the daytime to save electricity.
C. Recycling paper resources whenever possible.
D. Buying birds and pets as company for the staff.
B. She sometimes helps fertilize the lawn outside the sauna.
C. She often helps with inter-office correspondence using e-mail.
D. Her handwriting has improved a lot after entering the company.
B. Letter.
C. Telephone.
D. Computer.
B. A life of hard work and security.
C. A religious, peasant-like life.
D. A life away from paper and pencils.
Alzheimer"s (老年痴呆). Education plays a key role in lifelong memory performance and risk for mental
disorder, and it"s well documented that those with a college degree possess a cognitive (认知的) advantage
over their less educated counterparts in middle and old age.
Now, a large national study from Brandeis University published in the American Joumal of Geriatric
Psychiatry shows that those with less schooling can significantly make up for poorer education by frequently
engaging in mental exercises such as word games, puzzles, reading, and lectures.
"The lifelong benefits of higher education for memory in later life are quite lmpressive, but we do not
clearly understand how and why these effects last so long," said lead author Margie Lachman, a psychologist.
She suggested that higher educatlon may encourage lifelong interest in cognitive efforts, while those with less
education may not engage as frequently in mental exercises that help keep the memory agile (敏捷地).
But education early in adulthood does not appear to be the only route to maintain your memory. The study
found that intellectual activities undertaken regularly made a difference. "Among individuals with low education,
those who are engaged in reading, writing, attending lectures, doing word games or puzzles once a week or
more had memory scores similar to people with more education," said Lachman.
The study, called Midlife in the United States, assessed 3343 men and women between the ages of 32 and
84 with a mean age of 56 years. Almost 40 percent of the participants had at least a 4-year college degree. The
researchers evaluated how the partlclpants performed in two cognltlve areas,Verbal menlory and eXecutive
functiorl_brain processes invol"ed in planning, abstract thinking and cognitive flexibility. Participants were given
a battery of tests, including tests of verbal fluency, word recall, and backward counting.
As expected, those with higher education said they engaged in cognitive activities more often and also did
better on the memory tests, but some with lower education also did well, explained Lachman.
"The findings are promising because they suggest there rnay be ways to level the playing field for those
with lower educational achievement, and protect those at.greatest risk for memory declines," said Lachman.
"Although we cannot rule out the possibility that those who have better memories are the ones who take on
more activities, the evidence is consistent with cognitive plasticity (可塑性), and suggests some degree of
personal control over cognitive functioning in adulthood by adopting an intellectually active lifestyle."
B. Better memories result from college degree.
C. Cognitive activity does a mind good.
D. Poor education has more risk of memory declines.
B. education early in adulthood can be the only route to maintain your mernory
C. those with higher education did better on the memory tests than those with lower education
D. an intellectually active lifestyle does help to maintain your memory
B. The average age of the participants are 56 years old.
C. Participants had to perform in one of the two cognltlve areas.
D. One in four of the participants had a 4-year college degree.
B. We may have ways to cure the people who have memory declines.
C. Adopting a different lifestyle can control over cognitive functionlng.
D. We can find out the possibility to have better memories.
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