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阅读理解    More than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking
fuels they use. Most live in Africa, India and China. They use wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal.
These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available. But they are also a major cause of health
problems and death.
    The Aprovecho Research Center has been designing cooking stoves for the developing world.
People having less money use wood or biomass for cooking; the richer people use oil and gas. It"s
estimated that wood is running out more quickly than oil and gas.
    The group has made stoves using mud, bricks, sheet metal, clay, ceramics and old oil drums. Most
of the stoves look like large, deep cooking pots. They have an opening at the bottom for the fire and
a place on the top to put a pot.
    In the late 1970s, Aprovecho produced a popular stove called the Lorena. The Lorena was good
at reducing smoke and warming homes. But new tests years later found that it was not efficient. The
Lorena used twice as much wood as an open fire, and it took much longer to heat food. Since then,
they have experimented with countless other designs.
    Their goal is to make an inexpensive stove-let"s say five dollars-that makes little smoke, and it"s safe
for health and reduces global warming and deforestation(采伐森林).
    Aprovecho has now partnered with a stove manufacturer in China. The company is making
Aprovecho"s first mass produced stoves. They are said to use 40%-50% less wood than an open fire,
and produce 50%-70% less smoke. A company called StoveTec is selling them through its website for
less than ten dollars. Dean Still says that more than one hundred thousand have been sold so far.1. The underlined word "biomass" in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.A. oil and gas
B. wood
C. coal
D. crop waste or animal waste2. The following sentence is taken from the passage, it should    be placed at the end of ________.
     The World Health Organization estimates that over 1,500,000    people a year die from breathing
     smoke from solid fuels.A. Paragraph 1.              
B. Paragraph 2.
C. Paragraph 3.              
D. Paragraph 4.3. Stoves designed by the Aprovecho Research Center should    be ________.
①luxurious②costly③efficient④lowcarbon⑤cleanerA. ①②④  
B. ③④⑤
C. ②③⑤  
D. ①③④
答案
1-3: DAB
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试题【阅读理解    More than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution bec】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
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阅读理解。     Pregnancy(妊娠) and childbirth kill more than 536,000 women a year. More than half of the cases
happened in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, most of the deaths are
preventable with basic medical care.
    The five leading causes are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, longtime labor and bad
abortions (流产). Mothers" deaths from such causes were largely reduced nearly a century ago in
developed countries.
    Experts say that what kill many women are "the three delays",   the woman"s delay in deciding to go
to the hospital, the time she loses traveling there and the hospital"s delay in starting treatment. Only
about 15 percent of births have dangerous complications(并发症).
    Women lack education and information about birth control. Husbands and inlaws may decide where
a woman gives birth and insist that she stay at home to save money. However, there is no single solution
to a problem with so many factors shortages of doctors, nurses, drugs, equipment, roads and
transportation-though hospital officials are trying many things now.
    One stopgap measure to solve the problem for the present has been to train assistant medical officers,
to perform certain operations. Some African countries are now struggling to train more assistants and
midwives(接生婆), and provide places for pregnant women to stay near hospitals.
    But there is a long way to go. Only 20 percent of women in the continent give birth at the hospital.
More than 50 percent stay at home to give birth, and the rest go to local clinics that cannot handle
emergencies.1. Which is not included in the five leading causes of women"s     deaths during pregnancy and childbirth? A. Infection.
B. High blood pressure.
C. Traveling long distances.
D. Bleeding.2. The underlined word "stopgap" probably means "________" in     the passage.A. final      
B. temporary
C. effective    
D. instant3. What can we learn from this passage?A. Most problems that cause women"s deaths during pregnancy and childbirth can be
     treated or prevented.
B. Developed countries should help African countries reduce mothers" deaths.
C. The husbands in poor countries should take responsibility for their wives" deaths.
D. The governments of African countries have to take more effective measures to save pregnant women.4. What is the author"s attitude towards the future of preventing women"s deaths during pregnancy
     and childbirth? A. Positive.                
B. Negative.
C. Objective.                
D. Subjective.
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阅读理解。

     We all know that certain oils are healthier than others, but your oil health goes beyond just the type.
The health of your oil can be related to how you use it too.
     Each type of oil has what is called a "smoke point". The smoke point is the specific temperature at
which the oil starts to break down, or in more technical terms, its molecular structure begins to change.
These molecular changes result in changes in flavor, as well as changes in nutritional value-specifically,
the nutritional value of the oil starts to reduce, changing what once may have been considered an
especially healthy oil, like olive, into one that is unhealthy.
     The higher an oil"s smoke point is, the higher the temperature of the oil can be.As a result, each type
of oil should be used for the cooking method that is most appropriate to its individual smoke point and

heat tolerance.Here is a quick guide for the next time you reach for your favorite oil.

     Note that the above table represents oils that are refined (精炼的). Most oils we buy are refined.
Refine d oils tend to have much higher smoke points than when they are unrefined.They also differ in
nutrition and flavor.Unrefined oils are more nutritious and they tend to be much richer in flavor.
     When it comes to extremely high heat cooking,always choose oils which are refined.

1. What determines whether an oil is healthy or not?A. Whether it"s refined or not.  
B. Its smoke point.
C. Its molecule. 
D. How you use it.2. Which of the following might be a better choice to make a healthy salad?A. Refined walnut oil.  
B. Safflower oil.
C. Unrefined olive oil.  
D. Sunflower oil.3. Healthy oil can become unhealthy if________ according to the passage.A. you keep it for too long
B. it is heated well beyond its smoke point
C. it is refined
D. its flavor is changed
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阅读理解
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A. Drug overuse and its consequence
B. The problem of drug overuse in America
C. Benefits of medicine and its wise use
D. Female drug overuse with reference to that of males
E. Misuse of medicine among the young generation
F. Improper use of medicine among senior citizens
阅读理解
     For the people living in the Nile Basin, the river is their life.This 6,825 km waterway, whose
watershed (流域) covers three million square kilometers, flows through mountains, woodlands,
lakes and deserts.Its potential for fishing, tourism and shipping is great-but so are its challenges.
     Water shortage, already serious in Egypt and Sudan, will soon influence several other countries
in the watershed as well.Today, about 160 million people depend on the Nile River for their living.
Within the next 25 years, the district"s population is expected to double, adding to the demand
brought about by growth in industry and agriculture.The frequent drought (干旱) adds to the
urgency.
     Water quality is also a problem.Precious soil is washed out to sea.Wastes from industry and
agriculture create pollution.Higher concentrations of salt influence irrigated soils.Waterborne
diseases continue unchecked.In areas where it"s hot and damp, water hyacinths choke off lakes,
dams and other sections of the river, making it difficult for fishing and other businesses to move
forward.
     Native people along the narrow area of farmland have watched the sand move closer day by
day.They"ve seen the river change course, and their only source (来源) of water thickened with
mud.They"re very poor and have few choices.
     But a new program, the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), is offering very practical assistance.The
program is more than just a watermanagement project.It"s a plan for the social and economic
development of a vast district: it concentrates on the needs of the poorest of the poor and the
environment that supports them.

     These are whole ecosystem problems, calling for united solutions (解决办法). Half the Nile
Basin"s countries are among the world"s poorest nations; yet, somehow, they must find the resources,
skills and political will to overcome these challenges.
1. What are the great challenges the Nile Basin faces?
A. The development of shipping industry.
B. Overfishing of native people.
C. Water shortage and water quality.
D. Increasing population and tourism.
2. The underlined word "hyacinths" ( in Paragraph 3 ) refers to"________".
A. animals  
B. plants  
C. rocks  
D. salts
3. The program NBI is mainly aimed at ________.
A. preventing water pollution
B. changing the river course
C. improving living conditions of the poor
D. preventing land from becoming desert
4. What would be the best title of this passage?
A. People"s Life in Egypt and Sudan
B. Frequent Drought in Egypt and Sudan
C. The Poorest Countries in the Nile Basin
D. The Ecosystem Problems in the Nile Basin
阅读理解。
     How to eat healthfully can be especially complex for working women who often have
neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves (or for anyone else ).Registered
dietitian Barbara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help.
     "Go for nutrient-dense foods,"she suggests,"foods that contain a multiple of nutrients.
For example,select whole wheat bread as a breakfast food,rather than coffee cake. Or
drink orange juice rather than orange drink,which contains only a small percentage of real
juice-the rest is largely colored sugar water. You just can"t compare the value of these
foods, the nutrient-dense ones are so superior,"she emphasizes.
     Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life,it"s the foundation of a healthful
diet. Diets which are based on one or two foods are not only almost impossible to keep up
the strength,they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients aren"t supplied in enough
amounts or balance.
     According to Morrissey,trying to find a diet that can cure your illnesses,or make you
superwoman is a fruitless search." As women,many of us are too concerned with staying
thin,"she says,and "we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food."
     "We need carbohydrates,protein and fat-they are like the wood in the fireplace. The
vitamins and minerals are like the match,the spark,for the fuel,"she explains." We need
them all,but in a very different proportions(部分). And if the fuel isn"t there,the spark is
useless
."
1.From the first paragraph we know that working women________.
A.think cooking is especially complicated
B.do not share the same views with registered dietitians
C.are busy and not interested in cooking
D.are likely to eat healthfully
2.Orange juice is different from orange drink because________.
A.it contains only a small percentage of real juice
B.it is natural,nutritious and prepared from real oranges
C.it is largely orange-colored sugar water
D.it produces nothing but calories
3.In Paragraph 4,"a fruitless search" means "____"._____
A.an effort with no results
B.a search for a diet without fruits
C.a research on fruitless diet
D.a diet serving as medicine
4.Many women take it for granted,according to the passage that________.
A.a balanced diet can result in being fat
B.staying thin and healthy are both possible
C.lack of variety in diets leads to staying thin
D.vitamins are some kind of substitutions(代替物)for food
5. By saying "if the fuel isn"t there,the spark is useless",the author means "________".
A.carbohydrates,protein and fat are enough to support a human life
B.vitamins and minerals are almost of no value
C.carbohydrates,protein and fat are as important as vitamins and minerals
D.without carbohydrates,protein and fat,vitamins and minerals are of no use