题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Fear can be fun. Many young people queue up to ride very fast and scary roller coasters, screaming but enjoying themselves. Other people like to read “goose bumps (鸡皮疙瘩)” books or watch horror movies at night, scared to death but feeling excited. Why do people like being scared?
Fear is an ancient way of surviving. Being scared makes animals, including humans escape from danger and save themselves. It is because of fear that we have lived through millions of years of evolution. Those who lacked a strong fear response were more likely to be killed, leaving the more fearful and careful to pass their genes onto the next generation.
How do scientists explain why shaking over such scary things is fun? “Some kids will go to a scary movie and love it and laugh over it, others will feel anxious and hide their faces and some won’t even set foot in the cinema,” said Ned Kalin, a US scientist. “Which kind of person you are depends partly on experiences you’ve had and partly on your genes.”
What happens in the brain when something frightens you? Nerves that begin at the eyes and ears lead to a part of the brain called the amygdale. When you suddenly see a snake, for example, the amygdale makes you freeze, sweat, have a quickened heartbeat, or run very fast. However, seeing the snake also uses another part of the brain, the cortex. It analyzes the situation, and if it finds that the snake is only made of rubber it tells your heart and the rest of your body to calm down. Think of the amygdale as the engine and the cortex as the brake.
Back to the first question: Why do some people like to make themselves scared? “One reason is that we can play games with fear, find ways to reduce the scariness by looking away or thinking of something else,” Kalin said. “To believe we have control over a situation gives us a feeling of power.” “Scary movies or novels are good practice to prepare young people for the real thing. Thrills such as roller coaster rides also go to the brain’s pleasure centre.”
And there might be some evolutionary advantage to being able to adjust this system that is there to protect people.
72. How many questions are answered in the passage?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
73. Some people like to be scared because______.
A. they are afraid that the fear genes will be passed onto their children
B. it’s a good practice to get prepared for the real frightening situation
C. it can help them show their own personalities
D. they will feel powerful after getting rid of fear
74. Which of the following is true about the people who are not easily scared?
A. Their cortex is better at analyzing the situations.
B. They are more likely to suffer from potential danger.
C. They are born unaffected by anything horrible.
D. They lack a strong response towards threat.
75. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Ready to scream? B. How to be scared?
C. Willing to shake? D. Why to be scared?
答案
解析
72.选B。作者先后回答了一下这三个问题:Why do people like being scared?/ How do scientists explain why shaking over such scary things is fun?/ What happens in the brain when something frightens you?
73.选D。从原文第五段To believe we have control over a situation gives us a feeling of power可知D正确。
74.选B。A选项所提的遗传问题在文章第二段“leaving the more fearful and careful to pass their genes onto the next generation.”是用来解释“Fear is an ancient way of surviving.” 与A选项表述完全无关。原文第五段提到“Scary movies or novels are good practice to prepare young people for the real thing.”这里的good practice值得是看恐怖电影和读恐怕小说;而B选项中所说的good practice指的是 “to get prepared for the real frightening situation”;二者完全不同。C选项内容文章没有涉及。
75.选A。从文章中“Fear can be fun”,“screaming but enjoying themselves”,“like to read “goose bumps” books… but feeling excited ”,“shaking over such scary things is fun”等文字中可以看出文章时围绕着恐惧带给人们刺激与兴奋而言的。Scream一词指(因恐惧﹑痛苦或兴奋)尖声喊叫;而shake则(指人)发抖, 打颤;脱离了文章的语境,willing to shake不能表达文章的核心内容;而B、D则与文章中心不符。
核心考点
举一反三
Although considered an excellent form of exercise, jumping rope has never gained widespread acceptance because of two fundamental reasons. First, most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular(心血管的)exercise, but they also believe that it is simply too difficult. In other words, they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes that it takes to achieve a beneficial physical outcome. Second, many view it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact, jumping rope can be great fun if you find a proper way to practice it. Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce over and over again, people good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps. A single bounce, a double-bounce, a skip, a knee-up, side swings, as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping.
Now researchers are learning that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning. It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres to perform in parallel to each other. In short, jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment, time and space, yet leading to a much healthier life.
61. From the first paragraph we learn that_________.
A. jumping rope has faded from people’s memories
B. people now have more advanced equipment
C. racing around the playground was preferred
D. people now like to have exercise in a gym
62.Rope jumping has not spread widely because_________.
A. it benefits the cardiovascular system
B. it is neither easy nor enjoyable
C. it is considered boring and repetitive
D. it requires little equipment, time and space
63.The first sentence in the 3rd paragraph implies_________.
A. there is only one proper way to follow
B. the usual way should not be used
C. the easiest way is always the best
D. there are many ways to follow
64.According to the researchers, jumping rope_________.
A. only prepares the brain for learning
B. is suitable for students only
C. helps both brain hemispheres work together
D. can be dangerous for old people
65.What is the author’s attitude towards rope jumping?
A. He is arguing against it
B. He is in favor of it
C. He is sitting on the fence of it
D. He is not clear about it
The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.
The most widespread fallacy(谬误) of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter?Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms(症状).
51. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3
52. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
53. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world
54. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A. suffered a lot B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds D. became very strong
55. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. the experiments on the common cold
B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds
D. the continued spread of common colds
This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They’ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.
The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
In Manhattan, for instance, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday. Charleston, S, C., where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation. The price was $4. 78.
The influence is obvious.
In New York, high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys—13.8%, far below the national average. By comparison, 26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky, Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.
Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”
That’s true, But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place, As for today’s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
66 The text is mainly about___________.
A. the price of cigarettes B. tie rate of teen smoking
C. the effect of tobacco tax increase D. the differences in tobacco tax rate
67 What does the author think is a surprise?
A. Teen smokers are price sensitive.
B. Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.
C. Tobacco taxes improve public health.
D. Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.
68. The underlined word "deter” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______ .
A. discarding B. remove C. benefit D. free
69. Rogers’ attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that of _____ .
A. tolerance B. unconcern C. doubt D. sympathy
70. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.
B. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.
C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking.
D. Adults will depend more on their families.
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
小题1:According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.
A.cannot be as effective as codeine |
B.can be harmful to people’s health |
C.cannot be separated from chocolate |
D.can be a more effective cure for coughs |
A.Theobromine. | B.Codeine. | C.Capsaicin. | D.Placebo. |
A.were patients with bad coughs |
B.were divided into the three groups |
C.received standard treatments |
D.suffered little side effects |
A.Codeine: A New Medicine | B.Chocolate May Cure Coughs |
C.Cough Treatment: A Hard Case | D.Theobromine Can Cause Coughs |
They accept the lifestyle as normal. Government workers in Washington D.C, for example, frequently work sixty to seventy hours a week. They don’t do this because they have to; they do it because they want to.
Workaholism can be a serious problem. Because true workaholics would rather work than do anything else, they probably don’t know how to relax.
Is workaholism always dangerous? Perhaps not. There are, certainly, people who work well under stress. Some studies show that many workaholies have great energy and interest in life. Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment keep them busy and creative.
Why do workaholics enjoy their jobs so much? There are several advantages to work. Of course, it provides people with paychecks, and this is important. But it offers more than financial security. It provides people with selfconfidence; they have a feeling of satisfaction when they’re produced a challenging piece of work and are able to say,“I made that.” Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity through participation in work, they get a sense of self and individualism. In addition, most jobs provide people with a socially acceptable way to meet others. Perhaps some people are compulsive about their work, but their addiction seems to be a safe-even an advantageous-one.
9.The passage indicates that workaholics .
A.just know work but nothing else
B.are willing to work hard for long hours without pay
C.find their work provide them more satisfaction and selfconfidence than how much they are paid
D.has the work with more responsibility than others
10.One of the reasons that some people are not willing to quit their jobs even in their eighties and nineties is that
A.they are in the need of financial security
B.they would rather work than be disturbed by domestic affairs
C.they long for a sense of identity and being accomplished
D.they may have health problems from sheer boredom
11.This passage is mainly about .
A.workaholics are usually successful people, but their lives are in a mess
B.workaholism can lead to serious problems but it can also create a joyful life
C.people who are absorbed in their work may enjoy movies, sports and other kinds of entertainment
D.those who work even under difficult conditions may be very happy
12.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A.in the eyes of all the common people workaholics are peculiar
B.to workaholics, work is the sole source of happiness
C.a piece of challenging work may provide the workaholics a sense of satisfaction
D.workaholics are as addicted to their job as other people are to drugs or alcohol
最新试题
- 1已知正方体ABCD-A1B1C1D1,点E,F分别是上底面A1C1和侧面CD1的中心,求下列各式中的x,y的值:(1)A
- 2关于黄河的叙述,正确的是( )A.黄河的中游是“地上河”B.黄河为世界上含沙量最大的河流C.黄河的小浪底枢纽工程作用之
- 3___________________〔美〕艾尔玛·邦贝克 爹不懂得怎样表达爱,使我们一家人融洽相处的是我妈。他只是
- 4投影仪成倒立______的实像,人们能看到投影仪屏幕上的图象是由于光的______.
- 5使用滑轮时,______的滑轮称为定滑轮,特点是______;使用滑轮时,______的滑轮称为动滑轮,特点是_____
- 6【题文】(23分)阅读下列材料,回答问题。材料一 “论中国政治制度,秦汉是一个大变动。唐之于汉,也
- 7口腔内的唾液里含有的消化酶是[ ]A.淀粉酶 B.蛋白酶 C.麦芽糖酶D.各种消化酶
- 8一项试验有两套方案,每套方案试验成功的概率都是,试验不成功的概率都是。甲随机地从两套方案中选取一套进行这项试验,共试验了
- 9毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想被写入党章作为党的指导思想分别是在中共的哪次会议中 [ ]A.七大
- 10我们不能随地吐痰是因为痰中含有大量的病菌。痰生成的部位是 [ ]A.鼻黏膜 B.喉腔侧壁 C.
热门考点
- 1金属材料在生产、生活中有着广泛的应用.(1)根据下图的应用实例,试说出金属具有的两点物理性质
- 2铜既能与稀硝酸反应,也能与浓硝酸反应,当铜与一定浓度硝酸反应时,可将方程式表示为:Cu+HNO3= Cu(NO3)2+N
- 3下列水解离子方程式正确的是: A.CO32-+H2OCO
- 4中午12点,身高为165cm的小冰的影长为55cm,同学小雪此时的影长为60cm,那么小雪的身高为[ ]A.18
- 5“保民生、促和谐”是2010年政府工作报告的一大亮点,面对我国经济下滑的风险,政府出台一揽子计划,在保增长的同时,保民生
- 6现用9.8gCu(OH)2和100g稀硫酸进行如下实验,将Cu(OH)2加入到100g足量的稀硫酸中,反应结束后,测得溶
- 7听力。听句子,选择正确答案。每个句子读一遍。 ( )1. A. Beijing. (
- 8物理实验室中常用的测量液体体积的仪器是( )A.天平B.刻度尺C.量筒D.温度计
- 9如图所示,下列说法正确的是( ▲ )A.若AB//CD,则∠A+∠ABC=180°B.若AD//BC,则∠C+∠ADC=
- 10情景对话,每空一词A: ________(1) is your ________(2), Daniel? B: It"s