题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.
Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.
As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals—many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbours.
During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.
小题1: We can know from the first paragraph that ______.
A.the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybody |
B.people didn’t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set up |
C.patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948 |
D.the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers |
A.It’s managed by the central government. |
B.Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions. |
C.It hires more people than any other unit in Europe. |
D.Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care. |
A.take care of the local people’s health |
B.often take part in competitions to see who is the best |
C.work under high pressure nowadays |
D.have more responsibilities than before |
A.suffering | B.different | C.prevented | D.free |
A.many hospitals are too old to be used |
B.some services are in the charge of individuals |
C.more and more patients go to GPs for treatment |
D.there is not enough money for further reform |
答案
小题1:C
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
小题5:D
解析
小题1:细节理解题。根据最后一句可知。建立国家保健中心的最初目的是为农村居民提供免费的基本健康护理,而不是针对所有的人,所以前两项错误。
小题2:细节理解题。根据第4段“The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe…”可知。从第二段第一句可以看出国家保健中心由中央政府直接负责,但由地方当局管理,所以A项错误。
小题3:细节理解题。根据最后一段话“and encouraging GPs to compete for patients”可知政府鼓励全科医生之间相互竞争,而不是让他们进行竞赛,看谁的医术高明。
小题4:猜测词义题。前面提到医生开药方及给病人治疗牙病需要收费,再结合but一词可推断儿童、孕妇等可享受免费治疗。
小题5:细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知。
核心考点
试题【The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Speaking on a radio talk show this morning, Dr Chow said the separation of poultry from humans policy, which will be determined after a decision whether to set up a central slaughtering (屠宰) house or several regional ones, would be based on the demand for live chickens.
He pointed out that at present there were 30,000 live chickens imported from the Mainland and 30,000 supplied locally. If this demand persisted, there would be no central slaughtering house or wholesale point that could handle such an amount and regional slaughtering houses could be the choice.
He added that building of regional slaughtering houses took time, but stressed the need to study the views of the public and the sector before a final decision was made.
Regarding avian flu vaccination (种痘) for humans, Dr Chow said it was still being developed. He added that it may not be reliable in the case of an outbreak as records show vaccination can only offer 5% protection against a virus.
He said Hong Kong had more experience and expertise than neighbouring territories in the fight against viral outbreaks, and was willing to offer them help. He added there was no “boundary” for infectious diseases and close cooperation among different countries had to be maintained to fight against a possible outbreak.
小题1: It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.
A.the government is planning to take strong action to fight against bird flu |
B.an outbreak which happened near Hong Kong made people very frightened |
C.anti-bird flu contingency measures will come into use next month |
D.Dr York Chow will organize a meeting to discuss the contingency plan |
A.separate poultry from humans | B.set up a central slaughtering house |
C.set up several regional slaughtering houses | D.get avian flu vaccination |
A.the demand for live chickens | B.the views of the public |
C.the advice from experts | |
D.the time when regional slaughtering houses will be finished |
A.Hong Kong is better at dealing with viral outbreaks than its neighbours. |
B.Infectious diseases could happen in any country. |
C.Other territories should ask Hong Kong for help because it has more experience. |
D.Cooperation is quite necessary when danger is coming. |
What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for Computerized Axial Tomography(层面X线照相术). It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360 - degree picture of a small area of a patient"s body.
Doctors use X-rays to study and examine diseases and injuries within the body. X-rays can find foreign objects inside the body or to take pictures of some organs inside if special things as dyes or special liquids are added to the organs to be X-rayed.
A CAT scanner, however, uses a beam(光束) of X-rays to give a cross-sectional view of a particular part of the body. A fine beam of X-rays is scanned across the body and circled around the patient from many different angles(角度). A computer analyzes(分析) the information from each angle and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on the screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross-sections, taken one after another, can give a clear "photo" of the entire body or of any body organs. The newest CAT scanners can even give a clear picture of active, moving organs just as a fast-action camera can "stop the action" giving clear pictures of what appear only mistily(模糊) to the eye. And because of the 360 - degree pictures, CAT scans show 3-dimensional views of organs in a manner that was once only seen during surgery or autopsy (examining a dead body).
小题1:According to the first two paragraphs, doctors can see the inside of a patient"s body by ______.
A.giving the patient an operation |
B.checking body organs |
C.getting a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient"s body |
D.examining the CAT |
A.the newest pictures become more misty |
B.many pictures can be taken at the same time |
C.the information about the scanned patient is not highly valued |
D.some pictures of the scanned parts of the body are developed for further examinations in the future |
A.Modern X-ray | B.Three-dimensional View |
C.Fast - moving Camera | D.CAT Scan |
Nearly seven percent of boys in the US try steroids before the end of high school, according to a 1988 study by professors Charles Yesalis and William Buckley, of Penn State University. The estimate comes from a poll of 3,400 seniors in 46 public and private schools across the US.
“Abusers of Steroids did it to improve their appearance and to excel at sports,” Professor Yesalis said. “Parents, teachers and coaches make boys believe that to be an ideal male you need to have these. Then they say: ‘you can’t play games to have fun; you play games to win.’”
“Such attitudes put many high school athletes at high risk of becoming abusers of steroids,” said Mike Gimbel, director of Baltimore County Office of substance Abuse. “For these athletes, the pressure to perform is incredible,” he said. “It was inevitable that it would seep down to high school level.”
小题1:The word “big-time” in Paragraph 1 most nearly means “________”.
A.long time | B.good time | C.top rank | D.modern |
A.Because they make teenagers grow too tall. |
B.Because they make teenagers get too big. |
C.Because they prevent teenagers from getting taller and taller. |
D.Because they give teenagers too much pressure. |
A.School athletes have too much pressure. |
B.Steroids can help people have lots of muscles. |
C.The pressure chiefly comes from parents, teachers and coaches. |
D.Girls are not interested in steroids. |
A.Drugs and Sports |
B.The Pressure to School Boys are Too Much |
C.School Boys are Interested in Drugs |
D.School Athletes Risk Damage from Drugs |
In fact, people taking high doses(剂量)of vitamin E may in some cases be more likely to die earlier, although the reasons are not clear, said Dr. Edgar Miller of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, who led the study.“I think people take vitamin E because they think it is going to make you live longer, but this(study)doesn’t support that.”Miller told reporters.
Miller and colleagues reanalyzed 19 studies of vitamin E and health between 1993 and 2004. The tests involved more than 136,000 mostly elderly patients in North America, Europe and China. People who took 200 international units of vitamin E a day or more died at a higher rate during the study, which lasted three years, than people who did not take supplements, they told a meeting of the American Heart Association.“It’s about a 5 percent increased risk at 45 years in the tests combined together,”Miller said.“That doesn’t sound like a lot but if you apply it to 25 percent of the (U.S.)adult population taking vitamin E, that is significant.”
Miller, whose findings are also being published online by the Annals of Internal Medicine, said twothirds of people who take vitamin E supplements take 400 IU or more.“We don’t think that people need to take vitamin E supplements, which they can get enough from the diet,”he said. Nuts, oils, whole grains and green leafy vegetables are all rich in vitamin E.
小题1: People take vitamin E supplements, hoping that________.
A.they can lose weight easily |
B.they may live a longer and healthier life |
C.they can get more and more beautiful |
D.they no longer need any medicine |
A.Miller and his team based their research on 19 cases of vitamin E and health between 1993 and 2004 |
B.Miller thinks it unnecessary for people to take vitamin E supplements |
C.Miller supposes it impossible for people to get enough vitamin E from their diets |
D.Miller played an important role in the tests conducted by the researchers |
A.Nuts. |
B.Whole grains. |
C.Green leafy vegetables. |
D.All of the above. |
A.It is reported in a study that vitamin E may do more harm than good to people to live longer and get healthier. |
B.Dr.Edgar Miller and his colleagues studied many cases of vitamin E and health. |
C.Dr.Edgar Miller advises that people should not depend on vitamin E supplements for longer and healthier lives. |
D.People who took 200 international units of vitamin E a day or more died at a higher rate than people who did not take supplements. |
In a classic experiment, babies of 6 to 12 months old were placed in a cafeteria(自助) feeding arrangement, with a wide selection of baby food before them.They were given whatever food they pointed to or appeared interested in.We are told that at first they showed some unusual eating patterns, but that over a period of time they managed to select well-balanced diet.
So, in selecting food, rats and babies do seem to know and act on what"s best for them.Apparently, there is a kind of “body wisdom”, which humans soon lose.Most of us do not eat as wisely as we could.Many of our food preferences are culturally determined and influenced by long-established habits.Some people eat fox, dog and blackbirds, while we eat cows and pigs.So what people eat and how much they eat seems to be greatly influenced by what is going on around them.
小题1:In the experiment on rats, a fragrant flavor was added to the rats’ drinking water to _____________ .
A.encourage rats to drink vitamins-enriched water |
B.find out rats’ preference in flavor |
C.test whether rats know which drink is good for them |
D.demonstrate the vitamins are tasteless |
A.adults know better than babies what kind of food are good for their health |
B.adults usually cannot resist the temptation of various delicious foods |
C.adults" eating habits are closely related to the social and cultural customs |
D.adults have more choices of food than babies in eating patterns |
A.eat a balanced diet |
B.choose the food that is of nutrition |
C.have the habits influenced by the surroundings |
D.like to eat the food with a fragrant flavor. |
A.both have the wisdom to choose a balanced diet |
B.both prefer flavored food and drink |
C.both have the same eating patterns |
D.both develop a taste for the same kinds of flavors |
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