题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
Based on the results of a computer modeling analysis, researchers found that a 3,000 mg reduction in sodium(钠) by teenagers could reduce hypertension by 30 percent to 43 percent when they become adults.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that may have no symptoms for years, but can eventually cause serious health conditions, including heart attack and stroke.
Other benefits over time as teens hit 50 years of age include a 7-12 percent reduction in coronary heart disease(冠心病), an 8-14 percent reduction in heart attacks, and a 5-8 percent reduction in stroke.
Fast food typically contains too much sodium. One bag of Nacho Cheese Doritos has 310 milligrams. Pizza is one of the biggest problems for teens when it comes to sodium, according to data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
“The additional benefit of lower salt intake early is that we can hopefully change the expectations of how food should taste, ideally to something slightly less salty,” says Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, the lead author of the study and associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.
“Most of the salt we eat is not from our salt shaker(盐瓶), but salt that is already added in food that we eat.” she added.
小题1:Which is a benefit of a low sodium diet according to the text?
| A．No risk of heart disease. | B．Smaller chance of stroke. |
| C．Low blood pressure. | D．Slightly more heart attacks. |
| A．7%-12% | B．8%-14% | C．30%-43% | D．5%-8% |
| A．A lower sodium diet can get teenagers used to less salty food. |
| B．A good eating habit can help teens have less junk food. |
| C．Teens should avoid pizzas and other salty foods. |
| D．We can add more salt from our salt shaker to the food. |
| A．Teens Cutting Salt for Healthier Adulthood |
| B．Diet and Health |
| C．Sodium Brings Health Concerns |
| D．A Cause of Hypertension |
答案
小题1:B
小题1:C
小题1:A
小题1:A
解析
核心考点
试题【If teens could reduce the salt they take in every day by 3,000 milligrams (mg), 】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
a professor of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, led a group of scientists that investigated how pre-recorded videos of hypertension （高血压） patients" talking about their medical histories helped another group of patients with high blood pressure to control their condition over several months．Houston was surprised by their studies that suggested that communication can be a powerful tool in medicine．They showed that those who had had similar experiences, when talking to someone with a similar background, could help change their behavior to become healthier．Hypertension is difficult to control, since it is dependent on diet, exercise and mental state．Medical treatments with drugs, and lifestyle therapies（疗法） have been relatively ineffective because people find it hard to follow those medical requirements．
In the test, his team carefully chose their story-tellers from 230 members of a patients" community with whom they could most easily relate．Next, they divided their study population into two groups．One received three interactive （互动） DVDs containing the tellers" stories of their experiences in living with and treating their hypertension．The other were given educational discs on an unrelated health topic．The study volunteers reported that they had listened to the DVDs, and after three months, those who heard the stories of the hypertensive patients lowered their blood pressure．
While the study did not address how the story-telling influenced the patients" behavior, Houston suspects that watching patients of similar backgrounds who had a similar medical experience helped to motivate them to seek medical help to their hypertension．They found that after six months the difference in blood pressure between those who watched the story-tellers and those who observed the unrelate
d videos remained, suggesting that the story-telling continued to have an effect．小题1:We can learn from the text that the pre-recorded videos _________．
| A．tell medical histories of hypertension patients |
| B．introduce some medical treatments of hypertension |
| C．introduce a good lifestyle for hypertensive patients |
| D．tell scientific discoveries of the scientist group |
| A．hypertension is really difficult to control |
| B．communication has some medical effects |
C．medical treatments have  no effect at all |
| D．people don"t follow the medical requirements |
| A．The scientists chose 230 patients from a hospital． |
| B．Both the groups used the same videos about health topic． |
| C．The two groups lowered blood pressure in different degrees． |
D．The story-tellers were hypertension pat ients as well． |
| A．The stories of some hypertension patients． |
| B．Medical treatments of blood pressure． |
| C．Storytelling may help lower blood pressure． |
| D．Suggestions about how to lower blood pressure． |
Doctors say anger can be extremely damaging, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time, some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called ____________.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain release the same hormones. They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. in general the person feels excited and ready to act
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you
are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.
小题1:What bad results can anger cause? (Please answer within 10 words.)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题2:What’s the topic sentence of the 5th paragraph in th
e passage?____________________________________________________________________________
小题3: Please fill in the blank with pr
oper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)____________________________________________________________________________
小题4: List the three ways people express their anger mentioned in the passage.
①__________________________________________________________________________
②__________________________________________________________________________
③__________________________________________________________________________
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Organizers hope Food Day will inspire Americans to hold thousands of events in schools, college campuses, houses of worship and even in private homes aimed at fixing America’s food system．A Food Day event could be as small as a parent organizing a vegetable identification contest at a kindergarten class-or as massive as a rally（集会）in a city park, with entertainment and healthy food．Health departments, city councils and other policy makers could use Food Day to launch campaigns, hold hearings, or otherwise address communities food problems．
The campaign will advocate progress toward five central goals:
·Reducing diet-related disease by promoting healthy foods．The American diet is too low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and too high in fatty meat, soft drinks and salty packaged and restaurant foods-contributing to hundreds of thousands of premature deaths each year．
·Supporting sustainable farms and stopping subsidies to agribusiness．Billions of federal dollars a year would be better spent helping environmentally conscious family farmers than hugeagribusiness operations．
·Expanding access to food and alleviating hunger．Far too many Americans don’t know where their next meal is coming from, or have access to fresh produce in their neighborhood．
·Reforming factory farms to protect animals and the environment．Farming of animals can and should be done without cruelty, and without degrading the quality of life．
·Curbing junk-food marketing to kids．Food companies should not be targeting children with foods that promote tooth decay, obesity and other health problems．
小题1:What is the best title of the text?
| A．Food Day Campaign | B．Eat Real and Keep fit |
| C．How to Observe Food Day | D．Food Problems in the USA |
| A．Food problems are not easy to deal with． |
| B．Food Day events should be held in public places． |
| C．Kindergarten kids are unable to identify vegetables． |
| D．People are invited to create their own Food Day events． |
| A．target children with junk food | B．operate more agribusiness |
| C．increase access to food | D．cancel a series of events |
| A．controlling | B．enlarging | C．evaluating | D．providing |
| A．Food Day will not help preserve natural resources． |
| B．Food Day can be an opportunity to solve food problems． |
| C．Food Day has so far achieved all the central goals． |
| D．there are different ideas and views about Food Day． |
Maybe your mum or dad has told you, "Turn that down before you go deaf!" Well, they are quite right. Loud noise might cause hearing loss for a short time or even forever. Think that earphones are a good way to escape from your parents’ eyes? Well. It may not be as good a way as you expect. American doctors have studied a group of 44,000 people who used earphones more than 15 hours per week. The doctors found that 37,000 of them were getting hearing problems.
If you use earphones for too long a time, your ears might feel painful. You could also lose your hearing for the rest of your life.
So don’t wear your earphones too long. Use them less than one hour a day.
Want sharp hearing? Don’t forget to do the following:
Try to stay away from places where there is too much noise, like a disco. If you have to go, wear earplugs.
When swimming, remember to put earplugs into your ears to stop water from getting in.
Never put anything sharp into your ears. If you think you have too much earwax, ask your mum or dad to help you clean it out.
Keep these things in mind! Then you won"t be saying "WHAT???" when you are older.
小题1:Which is the topic paragraph of the article?
| A．Paragraph One. | B．Paragraph Two |
| C．Paragraph Five. | D．The last Paragraph |
| A．your parents know what you"re doing |
| B．it can cause hearing problems |
| C．it makes your parents angry |
| D．most of you use them improperly |
| A．have your ears specially trained |
B．often we ar earplugs and clean out the earwax |
| C．take good care of your ears |
| D．choose what you listen to carefully |
| A．has become impatient | B．speaks in a loud voice |
| C．is slow in understanding | D．asks for a lot of repetition |
Scientists have given us a lot of health warnings. The advice from cancer experts for avoiding bowel(肠) cancer is "try to avoid processed(加工过的) meats such as bacon, ham, corned beef and some sausages", and women fearing breast cancer are told "there doesn"t seem to be a starting point at which alcohol consumption is safe",
But all these health warnings tend to have little influence on behavior, So who is being unreasonable —the scientists who give us health advice, or the public that just ignores it?
The curious fact is that both might be right. The reasoning behind these health warnings seems to be this: if you do more of something pleasurable (which we shall give the name “yum”) there is a higher risk of something bad (which we shall give the name “yuk”)occurring, so you should avoid yum.
But when presented with this argument you might ask two questions.
First, maybe the pleasure of yum makes the risk worth taking, especially if yuk might occur a long time in the future? Second, maybe there are other benefits of yum that could cancel out the risks of the particular yuk that has been identified (确认) ?
So suppose bacon sandwiches are your particular yum: research shows that 50g per day — that is a great greasy sandwich — increases your risk of bowel cancer by 20%.
But this means that out of every 100 people who stuffed down that big bacon sandwich every day of their lives, the number of bowel cancers would
rise from five to six. In addition, if a middle
-aged woman gave up alcohol, it might reduce her risk of breast cancer, but could increase risk of some other cancers as well as heart disease. So we need to look at the whole picture before trying to get people to change what they do, since everything has benefit and harms — just think of the joggers(慢跑者) who get knocked down by cars — and people need to be able to find their own balance.
Therefore, as you reach for your yum, perhaps sometimes pause a moment and realize that you are taking a gamble(赌博) on the yuk occurring, but that it may be a risk worth taking.
小题1:What is the advice given by scientists for avoiding breast cancer?
| A．Try to avoid processed meat. | B．Try to avoid alcohol. |
| C．Try to choose the yum. | D．Try to risk the yuk. |
| A．If you choose the yum, you will risk the yuk. |
| B．If you risk the yuk, you’ll choose the yum. |
| C．The yum is worth taking, especially if yuk might occur in the future. |
| D．Other benefits of yum could cancel out the risks of the yuk. |
| A．Because giving up alcohol might reduce breast cancer. |
| B．Because people are not able to find their own balance. |
| C．Because all the things have both sides. |
| D．Because the advice given by scientists is not true. |
| A．People are often influenced by the health warnings. |
| B．Both the scientists and the public are not reasonable. |
| C．Alcohol consumption has both benefit and harms. |
| D．People should avoid yum to reduce the risk of yuk. |
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