题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents" and coaches" criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today"s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters" performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
小题1:An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______
| A．to reduce their mental stress |
| B．to increase their sense of success |
| C．to make sports less competitive |
| D．to make sports more challenging |
| A．it can help them learn more about society |
| B．it enables them to find flaws in themselves |
| C．it can provide them with valuable experiences |
| D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves |
| A．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development |
| B．without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence |
| C．in order to make them remember life"s lessons |
| D．so as to put more pressure on them |
| A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports |
| B．help children to win every game |
| C．train children to cope with stress |
| D．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports |
| A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout |
| B．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism |
| C．to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children |
| D．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:A
小题5:C
解析
小题1:B 文章第一段提到，体育活动不仅是对体魄的挑战，也是对心理的挑战。惯用批评对年轻的运动有害无益。
能给运动员带来身体、感情、心理方面的压力，以致毁坏身心健康放弃曾带来欢愉的活
动。所以防止损害年轻运动员身心健康的有效途径不是C“减少体育的竞技性”；不是D
“增加体育的挑战性”；也不是A，因为只“减轻思想压力”是不够的。而应该像第三段
后面所说，积极鼓励即增强运动员的自信心和成就感。
小题2:C 文章第二段中The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.此句表示体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历。故体育对年轻人的积极作用就在于C。
小题3:B 教练及父母习惯于批评年轻的运动员既不是C“使他们记住生活中的教训 ”；不是A“ 认为批评对他们的早期发展有益”，文中未提及父母、教练对批评的看法；也不
是D“给他们施加更大的压力”。故B “未意识到批评会挫伤他们的自信心”正确。这与
第二段末尾两句意思吻合。
小题4:A 作者在第三段开头指出参与体育运动不是孩子的工作或任务，重在参与。比赛结果并不重要，更重要的是通过参与增加人生阅历。所以作者建议教练及父母应鼓励孩子
积极参与 “注意让孩子从体育活动中获得乐趣”。故A最为贴切。
小题5:C 作者写该文目的是告诉人们批评会给孩子造成各方面负担和压力，积极鼓励才会对孩子的成长有益。故“强调积极鼓励对孩子成长的重要性”切题。
核心考点
试题【Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challengin】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.
One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress
In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people"s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one"s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late
However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education
小题1:What’s the best title of the passage?
| A．Prevention or Education? |
| B．Prevention or Treatment? |
| C．Health or Illness? |
| D．Exercise or Illness? |
| A．Unable to be cured |
| B．Unable to pay one’s debts |
| C．Stronger than ever before |
| D．More successful than ever before |
| A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases |
| B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise |
| C．the more health education, the better |
| D．the government’s health budget should be increased |
CP (Central Point) P (Point) Sp (Sub-point次要点) C (Conclusion 结论)
I know lots of women who skip breakfast, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don"t have time, others think they"re “saving” calories, still others just don"t like breakfast food.
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking, R, D, who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it"s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers－it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it... you may save yourself some prebedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fatburning effects.
小题1:The underlined word "leftovers" in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.
| A．food remaining after a meal | B．things left undone |
| C．meals made of vegetables | D．pizza topped with fruit |
| A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry. |
| B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast. |
| C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal. |
| D．Eating vegetables helps save energy. |
| A．eat something for breakfast | B．be careful about what you eat |
| C．heat up food before eating it | D．eat calorie- controlled food |
| A．who go to work early | B．who eat before sleep |
| C．who stay up late | D．who want to lose weight |
Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brains to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤) instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.
On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don’t have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.
The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.
Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them.
小题1:From Paragraph 1, we learn that ______.
| A．diet products fail to bring out people’s potential |
| B．people have difficulty in choosing diet products |
| C．diet products are misleading people |
| D．people are fed up with diet products |
| A．try out a variety of diet foods |
| B．hesitate before they enjoy diet foods |
| C．pay attention to their own eating habits |
| D．watch their weight rather than their diet |
| A．diet products bring no pain |
| B．it costs a lot to lose weight |
| C．losing weight is effortless |
| D．diet products are free from calories |
| A．are over-consumed |
| B．lack basic nutrients |
| C．are short of chemicals |
| D．provide too much energy |
The first kind of loneliness is temporary．This is the most common type．It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention．The second kind is situation，for example，family problem，the death of a loved one，or moving to a new place．Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems，such as headaches and sleeplessness，it usually does not last for more than a year．The third kind of loneliness is the most serious．Unlike the second type, chronic (the opposite of‘temporary’) usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause．People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others．Unfortunately，many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition．
Psychologists(心理学家) agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts，for example，friends，family members，co-workers，etc．We depend on various people for different reasons．For instance．our family give us emotional support，our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our fiends share similar interests and activities．
However，psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts，they sometimes feel they should have more．They question their popularity．
Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons：they are unhappy and unable to socialize arid there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease，while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad，and sometimes dangerous condition．
小题1:How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?
| A．Talk to friends． |
| B．Go to see a doctor． |
| C．Just ignore it． |
| D．Ask your teacher for guidance． |
| A．Chronic loneliness can cause family problems． |
| B．Chronic loneliness is incurable． |
| C．Chronic loneliness can not be overcome． |
| D．Chronic loneliness call cause serious illness． |
| A．the time it lasts |
| B．the places where it appears |
| C．different people it happen to |
| D．different seasons when it appears |
8 Ways to Avoid Cancer in Your Life
1. Eat Blueberries
Aside from being a healthy and delicious snack, blueberries contain pterostilbene, which has important colon（结肠） cancer-fighting prosperities. But wait, it gets better. Blueberries also offer a large dose of vitamins C (14 milligrams per cup). So at breakfast, try to take in a cup and a half of blueberries in your cereal or yogurt, or mixed with other berries.
2. Drink Pomegranate（石榴）Juice
The deep red juice of the pomegranate contains polyphenols, isoflavones and ellagic acid, which together create a powerful anticancer mixture. Most recently, researchers from the University of Wisconsin at Madison has discovered that 16 ounces of pomegranate juice per day also may inhibit the growth of lung cancer.
3. Relax
Feeling stressed or worried? Find ways to relax and you may reduce your chances of developing cancer. Purdue University researchers tracked 1,600 men over 12 years and found that half of those with high levels of worry died during the study period. Only 20 percent of the optimists died before the study were completed, while 34 percent of the extremely anxious men died of some type of cancer. Instead of stressing about the past or future, focus on the present and relax!
4. Take Selenium（硒）
Selenium is well known for its cancer-fighting properties. In a study of almost 1,000 men, researchers from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that when men with the lowest initial levels of selenium in their bodies received a daily supplement over a 4 year period, they cut their prostate（前列腺） cancer risk by a remarkable 92 percent. However, it is possible to get too much of a good thing, so monitor your intake of selenium-containing supplements, Brazil nuts, tuna, meats and grains carefully.
5. Eat Sushi（寿司）
Seaweed may not be your idea of a great snack, but it is high in fiber, calcium and iron, and dry, roasted seaweed sheets used in sushi provide the additional benefits of vitamins A and C. Sushi rolls are also high in protein— a typical spicy tuna roll has only 290 calories but packs 24 grams of protein. So don’t skimp（节省）on the Sushi!
6. Enjoy the Outdoors
Vitamin D causes early death of cancer cells. A study published in the American Journey of Clinical Nutrition reported that women who supplemented their diets with 1,000 international. Units of vitamin D every day had a 60 percent to 77 percent lower incidence of cancer ever a four-year period that did women taking a placebo(无效对照剂). Experts recommend supplementing your fun in the sun with 1,100 to 2,000IU of vitamin D each day.
7. Breathe Clean Air
There’s no question that secondhand smoke kills. A recent American Journal of Public Health study showed that nonsmokers working in smoky places had three times the amount of carcinogen（致癌物质） in their urine（尿） than nonsmokers working in smoke-free locations. What’s worse, their levels of the carcinogen rose 6 percent for every hour worked. Nine states have banned smoking in all workplaces, bars and restaurants. The message is clear: Do whatever you can to avoid the cloud of smoke.
8. Break a Sweat
Even a small amount of exercise can offer major cancer-fighting benefits. In a study of 29,110 men published in the International Journal of Cancer, men who exercised just once a week had a percent lower risk of metastasis(转移性) prostate cancer than men who didn’t work out at all. The better the frequency, duration and intensity of the exercise, the bigger the reduction in risk, according to the study.
小题1:To prevent yourself from catching colon cancer, you should eat ____ as often as possible.
| A．sushi | B．blueberries | C．pomegranates | D．Vitamin D |
| A．he is very fond of exercise every day. |
| B．he is addicted to smoking |
| C．he is always feeling extremely stressed or worried |
| D．he likes to have meals in restaurants |
| A．Having a daily supplement of selenium |
| B．Drinking a cup of pomegranate juice every day |
| C．Breathing fresh air now and then |
| D．Taking exercise at least once a week |
| A．have a daily supplement of vitamins B and C |
| B．try to ignore the secondhand smoking |
| C．take in as many selenium-containing supplements as possible |
| D．having exercise as often as possible |
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