题目
题型:不详难度:来源:
The average IQ for a non-smoker was about 101, while the smokers’ average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94, the study determined. The IQs of young men who smoked more than a pack a day were lower still, at about 90. An IQ score in a healthy population of such young men, with no mental disorders(心理疾病), falls within the range of 84 to 116.
An addiction that doesn’t discriminate(歧视)
“In the health profession, we’ve generally thought that smokers are most likely the kind of people who have grown up in difficult neighborhoods, or who’ve been given less education at good schools,” says Weiser, whose study was reported in a recent version of the journal, Addiction, “But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we’ve been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor. The government might want to rethink how it arranges its educational resources on smoking.
Making the results more significant, the study also measured effects in twin brothers. In the case where one twin smoked, the non-smoking twin registered a higher IQ on average.
Although a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction, the representing data on IQ and smoking found that most of the smokers investigated in the study had IQs within the average range, nevertheless.
In the study, researchers took data from more than 20,000 men before, during and after their time in the military. All men in the study were considered in good health, since pre-screening(筛选的)measures for suitability in the army had already been taken. The researchers found that around 28 percent of their samples smoked one or more cigarettes a day, 3 percent considered themselves ex-smokers, and 68 percent said they never smoked.
“People on the lower end of the average IQ tend to display poorer overall decision-making skills when it comes to their health,” says Weiser. He adds that his finding can help address serious concern among heath counsellors at grade and high schools.
小题1:The study led by Professor Mark Weiser shows that .
A.the IQ of smoking males is lower than that of non-smokers |
B.the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of non-smokers |
C.the IQ of smoking males is the same as that of non-smokers |
D.the IQ of smoking males is higher than that of female smokers |
A.101 | B.94 | C.80 | D.120 |
A.People in the military are more likely to become smokers than other people. |
B.Most heavy smokers are found to have mental problems. |
C.Socio-economic backgrounds have nothing to do with smoking behaviour. |
D.People with lower IQs tend to be less good at controlling their addiction to smoking. |
A.Smokers do not believe their IQ is affected by being addicted to smoking. |
B.All people, no matter what their background, can become addicted to smoking. |
C.Smoking is an addiction, and we must not discriminate against smokers. |
D.The addiction to smoking is difficult to get rid of. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:B
小题3:D
小题4:B
解析
试题分析:
小题1:A 细节题。根据第一段2,3行that young men who smoke are likely to have lower IQs than their non-smoking peers (同龄人).说明A正确。
小题2:B 细节题。根据第二段1,2行the smokers’ average was more than seven IQ points lower, at about 94说明抽烟的年轻人的平均智商可能是94,故B正确。
小题3:D 推理题。根据第五段第一行a lower IQ may suggest a greater risk for smoking addiction,说明智商低的抽烟的人在吸烟成瘾方面危险更大,也就是说他们可能无法控制自己在这方面的瘾,故D正确。
小题4:B 细节题。根据第三段4,5行But because our study included subjects with various socio-economic backgrounds, we’ve been able to rule out socio-economics as a major factor.说明该研究的对象中有来自各行各业的人,也就是说各个社会阶层的人都吸烟,即B项,所有人,无论他的背景怎么样,都有可能吸烟上瘾,故B正确。
点评:文章介绍了有吸烟能让人的智商下降。主要考查考生的推理能力和细节的把握能力。
核心考点
试题【A study led by Professor Mark Weiser of Tel Aviv University and the Sheba Medica】;主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Jo-Anne Bachorowsky, a psychology professor at Vandebilt University, 36 a team of researchers who 37 a total of 11 short videos to 97 young adult volunteers in the US. They found that the participants produced a 38 of sounds when they laughed, 39 grunts(呼噜声) and snorts(哼声).
The researchers found that some of the 40 were dependent 41 gender(性别). Men laughed with grunts and snorts more often than women, 42 women’s 43 was more song-like.
They also found that people’s laughter could change, 44 who they were with at the time. Whether they were with a man or a woman and 45 person was a friend or a 46 both played a part in laughter.
The researchers found that women’s laughter was very high with a 47 pitch(音高) when they were with male strangers. And women taking 48 in the study laughed more often when they were with a male friend than when they were with a(n) 49 friend or a male stranger. But men laughed more freely with friends of either sex than with strangers of either sex.
Scientists believe that the 50 consumed in laughing 100 times is 51 to 15 minutes on an exercise bike. Another 52 of laughter is 53 it improves our mental health. Laughter reduces our levels of stress. It also helps us 54 serious illness.
55 ,we think laughter can make us feel good.
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Hi, there! I"m Grystal Collins, and I"m very happy to share some time with you. So, you want to keep fit, huh? Well, you surely came to the right place. Together we can keep fit and healthy, and succeed in doing that. It"s easy. Everybody can do it, you hear? Just remember the five golden rules.
Number one: Always wear comfortable clothes when you are exercising. You need to feel comfortable and relaxed(放松).
Number two: You should always do some warming-up exercise first to get your body ready for the real thing.
Number three: Never try to do too much exercise too soon. Take it nice and easy now, you hear? There"s no rush about this.
Number four: Don"t forget to relax for about five minutes when you"ve finished your exercise. You need to rest a little bit after you"ve been exercising.
And here is the golden rule Number five. Stop at once if you feel any pain in your neck, head or any part of your body.
小题1:The students may most probably be the people ___________.
A.who are ill |
B.who want to be healthier |
C.who are Crystal Collins" good friends |
D.who are not interested in taking exercise |
A.before the exercise starts |
B.when the exercise is over |
C.during the exercise |
D.as soon as the exercise has started |
A.You should do some warming-up exercise before the real thing. |
B.You should wear comfortable clothes. |
C.You should rest for a while when you are doing warming-up exercise. |
D.You should stop if you feel any pain in your body. |
My eating habits had to change in a big way. With diabetes, I can’t eat a lot of sugar or carbohydrates (碳水化合物). I have to figure out exactly how much sugar I plan to eat, and then I get an injection of insulin (注射胰岛素) before the meal to help my body process the food. Also, I test my blood-sugar level often. I’m always trying to keep my blood sugar at a healthy level. The level can drop when I exercise, but that doesn’t keep me out of gym class or off the basketball court — I just keep some juice boxes around to boost my blood sugar if I need to.
It’s a lot of work — and not a lot of fun — to keep track of everything, but I’ve gotten used to my new habits. I was a little scared at first because I wasn’t sure how my life would change. Once I knew what I needed to do, though, it wasn’t a big deal. My life is different now from what it was before, but it has become completely regular to me.
小题1:The first paragraph is mainly about _____.
A.who found the author had diabetes |
B.the author’s life before having diabetes |
C.how the author was found to have diabetes |
D.the author’s eating habits before having diabetes |
A.She stopped playing basketball in the gym. |
B.She controlled her blood-sugar level strictly. |
C.She stopped eating food with natural sugar. |
D.She tested her blood-sugar level before every meal. |
A.Increase. | B.Control. | C.Absorb. | D.Test. |
A.Worried. | B.Frightened. | C.Pessimistic. | D.Positive. |
Maybe that’s why more and more people I know, even if they have no religious commitment, seem to be turning to yoga, or meditation, or tai chi. Some friends of mine try to go on long walks every Sunday, or to “forget” their cellphones at home. A series of tests in recent years has shown that after spending time in quiet rural settings, subjects “exhibit greater attentiveness, stronger memory and generally improved cognition. Their brains become both calmer and sharper.” More than that, empathy, as well as deep thought, depends on neural processes that are “inherently slow. ” The very ones our high-speed lives have little time for.
In my own case, I turn to eccentric and often extreme measures to try to keep my sanity and ensure that I have time to do nothing at all. I’ve not yet used a cellphone and I’ve never Tweeted or entered Facebook. I try not to go online till my day’s writing is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan.
None of this is a matter of principle or asceticism (苦行主义): it’s just pure selfishness. Nothing makes me feel better-----calmer, clearer and happier----than being in one place, absorbed in a book, a conversation, a piece of music. It’s actually something deeper than mere happiness: it’s joy, which the monk David Steindl-Rast describes as “that kind of happiness that doesn’t depend on what happens.” That is the highest of the highest we have been longing for----The Joy of Quiet.
小题1:The writer sometimes doesn’t do anything because ________.
A.he is out of work . |
B.whatever he does make no sense |
C.he is worried about his writing. |
D.he can enjoy himself in his leisure time. |
A.Somebody really forgets his cellphone at home. |
B.Somebody thinks cellphone is not a suitable means of communication. |
C.Somebody hates modern techniques such as the cellphone. |
D.Somebody leaves his cellphone at home on purpose. |
A.It is better to go back to the ancient times since we are so busy now. |
B.The writer is unwilling to help others since he is selfish. |
C.Slowing down to find time and space to think and enjoy oneself is urgent. |
D.We have more to say because we have more ways to communicate. |
A.difference | B.sameness | C.simplicity | D.complication |
A.The importance of spending time in quiet. |
B.We can do some sports such as yoga to relax. |
C.Principle or asceticism is important in one’s life. |
D.The more we communicate, the more we will be closer. |
“I’ve got my knees bent. I feel totally alive,” he said. “It feels more natural to stand.”
In the past few years, standing has become the new sitting for 10 percent of AOL employees at the firm’s Virginia branch. Part of a standing popularity is among accountants, programmers, telemarketers and other office workers across the nation.
GeekDesk, a California firm that sells desks raised by electric motors, says sales will triple this year.
Standers give various reasons for taking to their feet: It makes them feel more focused, prevents drowsiness(困倦睡意), and makes them feel like a general even if they just push paper. (Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfels works standing up. So does novelist Philip Roth.)
But unknown to them, a debate (辩论) is spreading among ergonomics experts(人类工程学家) and public-health researchers about whether all office workers should be encouraged to stand—to save lives.
Doctors point to surprising new research showing higher rates of diabetes, obesity, heart disease and even mortality among people who sit for long stretches. A study earlier this year in the American Journal of Epidemiology showed that among 123,000 adults followed over 14 years, those who sat more than six hours a day were at least 18 percent more likely to die during the time period studied than those who sat less than three hours a day.
“Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing,” said Marc Hamilton, a leading researcher on inactivity physiology at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Louisiana. “Sitting is harmful. It’s dangerous. We are on the cusp (尖端) of a major revolution.” He calls sitting “the new smoking”.
Not so fast, other experts say. Standing too much at work will cause more long-term back injuries. Incidences of varicose veins(静脉曲张) among women will increase. The heart will have to pump more.
Hedge, the Cornell professor, isn’t a fan of all this standing. “Making people stand all day is dumb,” he said.
The sensible and most cost-effective strategy(策略), he said, is to sit in a neutral posture(姿势), slightly reclined(下弯的), with the keyboard on a tray above the lap. This position promotes positive blood flow. Workers should occasionally walk around, stretch and avoid prolonged periods at the desk. The key, he said, is movement, not standing.
小题1:Marc Hamilton said “Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing” to show that________.
A.the result of the study about sitting too long is shocking |
B.we need to remove many rocks |
C.we need to smooth away many difficulties |
D.sitting on a rock is necessary |
A.It will cause more long-term back injuries |
B.it will raise the burden of heart |
C.incidences of varicose veins among women will increase |
D.standing too much at work per day is too tiring |
A.it is better not to stand more than 6 hours |
B.sitting too long can arouse illnesses easily |
C.sitting long is specially harmful to adults |
D.standing much is better than sitting long |
A.Standing is not better than sitting |
B.Standing more does no harm to people |
C.Standing will promote the efficiency |
D.More office workers take standing against sitting |
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