题目
题型：山西省月考题难度：来源：
A speech is a wonderful opportunity to inform, persuade or entertain. The best speeches often take
on a combination of all three of these components. However, before you can go about the writing of a
great speech, it is important to set goals. Goals keep you, your speech and your audience focused.
What a goal is
In the context of a speech, a goal is the purpose of the speech, and what it hopes to accomplish. For
example, the goal of a eulogy (颂歌) might be to celebrate the life of a loved one. The goal of a speech
at a political gathering would be to inform the crowd about the political position of a candidate and
persuade them to vote and campaign for the candidate in question.
Why a goal is important
Without a goal, a speech is without direction. The goal informs the structure and content of the speech. For example, if a speech"s goal is to convince people that smoking is bad for them, the speech will be
structured with persuasive arguments to back up the goal. A speech with a goal of informing the audience will keep the information fair and factual.
A goal is incredibly important to the speech"s ability to connect with an audience. If the speaker is
unaware of the goal of the speech, the audience will likely be unaware as well. This severely reduces the
effectiveness of the message.
Aside from informing the audience of the content and structure, a speech"s goal drives the speaker to
greater heights. If a speaker is asked to speak on a specific subject, but never establishes the goal, they
won"t know where to start in the research, organizing and writing of the speech.
___________________________________
If you have been charged with (被委以) delivering a speech, establishing a goal can seem difficult at
first. There are several things to take into consideration. First, think about who you will be speaking to.
The demographic (人口统计) of your audience will likely determine whether you will be able to persuade them, or whether they will be able to sit through. Second, think about the topic itself. If the topic is
something controversial(有争议的), it may be worth your while to consider an informative approach to
present both sides of the issue. Finally, consider your resources. A speech with an informative or
persuasive goal usually requires a great deal of research, and sometimes takes more time to write.
B. Informing, persuading and entertaining.
C. Informing, writing and delivering.
D. Informing, writing and persuading.
B. to celebrate the life of a person you admire
C. to entertain the audience with humor and magic
D. to persuade the audience to buy new products
B. a speech goal can help keep the audience aware of the speech
C. a speech goal can help the speaker know about the research, organizing and writing
D. a speech goal makes it possible for the speaker to achieve whatever he wants in life
B. How to deliver a difficult speech
C. What to consider to establish a goal
D. What to consider to deliver a speech
答案
核心考点
举一反三
about rights of way or showing that we can parallel park a car. Many future lawyers and doctors
probably wish they could join their profession without taking an exam.
But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life. They protect us from unskilled drivers, harmful
products and dishonest professionals. In schools too exams play a constructive role. They tell public
officials whether new school programs are making a difference and where new investments are likely to
pay off. They tell teachers what their students have learned--and have not. They tell parents how their
children are doing compared with others of their age. They encourage students to make more effort.
It is important to recall that for most of century, educators used intelligence tests to decide which
children should get a high-quality education. The point of IQ testing was to find out how much children
were capable of learning rather than to test what they had actually learned. Based on IQ scores, millions
of children were assigned to dumbed-down (学术挑战较小的) programs instead of solid courses in
science, math, history, literature and foreign language.
This history reminds us that tests should be used to improve education. Every child should have access
to a high - quality education. Students should have full opportunity to learn what will be tested; otherwise
their scores will merely reflect whether they come from an educated family.
In the past few years, we have seen the enormous benefits that flow to disadvantaged students
because of the information provided by state tests. Those who fall behind are now getting extra instruction
in after - school classes and summer programs. In their efforts to improve student performance, states are
increasing teachers" salaries, testing new teachers and insisting on better teacher education.
Performance in education means the mastery of both knowledge and skills. This is why it is reasonable
to test teachers to make sure they know their subject matter, as well as how to teach it to young children. And this is why it is reasonable to assess whether students are ready to advance to the next grade or
graduate from high school.
B. students to meet their teachers" requirements
C. teachers to understand if their students have made efforts
D.parents to compare their kids" achievements across schools
B. Tests should focus on what students have actually learned.
C. Intelligent tests decide if children should get a high - quality education.
D. Intelligent tests are helpful in separating excellent students from poor ones.
B. To defend the role of testing in education.
C. To explain what high - quality education means.
D. To call for thorough and complete reform in education.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
"Finding a job" is not the same as "choosing a job". Many young people end up in a job which they
are not suitable for. 2 . Here are a few steps to help you think about jobs which you might enjoy doing
after school or university.
First, it is important to realize what kind of person you are, which special qualities make you different
from everyone else and what you are interested in. 3 . If you like art and enjoy looking at pictures, that
is an interest. But if you can draw a horse that looks like a horse instead of a big dog, that is a skill.
Then ask yourself this question: in the following three areas ? skills with people, skills with information
and skills with things ? which are your best skills?
After examining your skills, the next step is research. To find out as many different kinds of jobs as
possible, go to the library and read books, magazines and newspapers. 4
Finally, trust your own ideas and your own thinking! 5
A. It is your own life, so find something that you enjoy doing.
B. Choosing the right one itself is a difficult job.
C. We must know what our ideal jobs are.
D. There is a difference between an interest and a skill.
E. Ask your friends about the work they do.
F. "Chance" may play a more important part than "decision".
G. Your parents may also give you a job offer.
This is a great truth, one of the greatest truths. It is a great truth because once we truly see this truth,
we transcend (超越) it. Once we truly know that life is difficult-once we truly understand and accept
it-then life is no longer difficult. Because once it is accepted, the fact that life is difficult no longer matters.
Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life
should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent a special kind of suffering especially forced
upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems,
depending on their nature, cause us sadness, or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are
uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless
series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious
test that tells us success from failure. When we desire to encourage the growth of human spirit, we
encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to
solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin
said, those things that hurt, instruct. It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome
the pain of problems.
B. persuade readers
C. make readers laugh
D. get readers" attention
B. teach them to fear the pain of solving the problem
C. help them learn to deal with pain
D. teach them how to respect for problems
B. we become stronger by meeting and solving the problems of life
C. life is difficult because our problems bring us pain
D. people like to complain about their problems
everyone that you are running a home business with thousands of dollars worth of equipment. As much as possible, don"t invite customers or visitors to your home. In fact I know of some home-based businessmen who would rather meet their clients in a neutral ground, e.g. the client"s office or even Starbucks.
There are other ways to keep burglars away from your house.
●Keep lights on around your house in the evenings. Light is a natural fright for burglars.
●Invest in a security alarm, particularly if your house is located in a remote spot. Security systems can
often bring down the cost of your homeowner"s insurance fees.
●Make sure that all windows and doors are locked and the security alarm turned on before you sleep
at night or go out of the house. Avoid keeping house keys in obvious places, such as under the lamp or
top of the doorframe.
●Adding an additional lock will provide extra security when you are home. The dead-lock, sometimes called an "exit-only deadbolt" is an deadbolt that doesn"t have an external(外部的)key. It"s clearly visible
on the door from the outside, but can"t be broken into without destroying the door, frame, or lock itself.
While the security won"t help directly when you aren"t home, the visibility may discourage an intruder from
trying the door.
●Your door itself should be made of strong materials, such as one-inch thick solid hardwood or heavy metal.
B. how to make your house safer from burglars
C. how to improve social security in the United States
D. how to run a home business
B. in order to avoid being seen by burglars
C. not to let others know their business
D. for reasons of their property safety
B. keep lights on in all rooms to threaten burglars
C. have the doors made of solid hardwood or heavy metal
D. fix an extra lock on the door from inside
B. Someone who is invited to visit.
C. Someone who pays regular visits to the home.
D. Someone who tries to destroy the lock.
fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or
nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an
act. It is a deeper, more lasting emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us
relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because
their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has
nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy
cars, expensive homes, everything that spells"happiness". But in memoir(回忆录)after memoir, they
reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism ,drug addiction, broken
marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage, if he"s honest, and he will tell you that he is afraid of making a
commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and
excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful
happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they can. Couples with infant
children are lucky to get a whole night"s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don"t know any parent who
would choose the word fun to describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating(解放性的)realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely
increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing
to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all
those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun
actually may not be happy at all.
B. fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness
C. happiness is lasting whereas fun is short-lived
D. fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness
B. tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun
C. teach people how to enjoy their lives
D. bring happiness to the public instead of going to parties
B. leads to raising children
C. indicates duty and devotion
D. usually ends up in pain
B. A bachelor resisting marriage
C. Raising children
D. Buying some fancy clothes
B. keep himself with his family
C. give a free hand to money
D. use his time to increase happiness
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