into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice ， but habit rules the unreflecting creatures ，”William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the everchanging 21st century ，even the word
“habit” carries a negative meaning.
So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation ( 创新). But brain
researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits ,we create parallel paths ，
and even entirely new brain cells ， that can jump our trains of thought onto new , innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit ， we can instead direct our own
change by consciously developing new habits. In fact ，the more new things we try ， he more creative
we become.
But don"t bother trying to kill off old habits ；once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain ，
they"re there to stay. Instead ， the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel
pathways that can bypass those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder ,”says Dawna Markova , author
of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to‘decide’， just as our president calls himself ‘the
Decider’.” She adds， however， that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good
innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
“All of us work through problems in ways of which we"re unaware,” she says. Researchers in the
late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways： analytically， procedurally， collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence，
however， the brain shuts down half of that ability， preserving only those ways of thought that have
seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of
us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system-that anyone can do anything，”explains M. J. Ryan,author of the 2006 book This Year I Will…
and Ms. Markova"s business partner. “That"s a lie that we have preserved， and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you"re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.
B．the development of habits can be predicted
C．the regulation of old habits can be transformed
D．the track of new habits can be created unconsciously
B．connections
C．situations
D．tracks
B．Curiosity makes creative minds active.
C．Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.
D．Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.
B．to create and develop new habits consciously
C．to resist the application of standardized testing
D．to believe that old habits conflict with new habits
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries
play games together they will learn to live together.Others say that the opposite is true that international
contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred.There is probably some
truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that
sports encourage international brotherhood.Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of
athletes, but the Games were also destroyed by incidents caused mainly by minor national competition.
One country received its secondplace medals with visible anger after the hockey final.There had been
noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, as the losers objected to the final decisions.They were
convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents" victory was
unfair.Their manager was quite angry when he said: "This wasn"t hockey.Hockey_and_the_International_
Hockey_Federation_are_finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could
result in the disorder of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not give up first place to Russia, after a
disputable end to their contest.The game had ended in disturbance.It was thought at first that the United
States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play.A
Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it
into the basket.It was the first time the U. S.A. had ever lost an Olympic basketball match.Experts discussed the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand.The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of
the game.The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in nonnational terms, might be
too much to hope for.But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.
1. According to the author, recent Olympic Games have ________.
A. created goodwill between the nations
B. caused only false national pride
C. hardly showed any international friendship
D. led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred
2. What did the manager mean by saying, "…Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are
finished."?
A. His team would no longer take part in international games.
B. Hockey and the Federation are ruined by the unfair decisions.
C. There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation.
D. The Federation should not exist.
3. The basketball example implied that ________.
A. too much patriotism was shown in the incident
B. the announcement to make the match long was wrong
C. the appeal jury was too hesitant in making the decision
D. the American team was right in receiving the silver medals
4. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.
B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games.
C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game.
D. International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations.
| A. Stay busy. B. Wear what fits you. C. You can possibly be attractive. D. Great posture makes you attractive. E. Helping others makes you attractive. F. Attention to others makes you attractive. | ||||||
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| Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home. What to Expect The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health. Accommodation Zones Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2, 3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的). Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground. Meal Plans Available ◇ Continental Breakfast ◇ Breakfast and Dinner ◇ Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner It"s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal(谷物类 食品), bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert, fruit and coffee. Friends If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host"s permission.You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy. SelfCatering Accommodation in Private Homes Accommodation on a roomonly basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the longstay student.However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much. 1. The passage is probably written for________. A. hosts willing to receive foreign students B. foreigners hoping to build British culture C. travellers planning to visit families in London D. English learners applying to live in English homes 2. Which of the following will the host provide? A. Room cleaning. B. Medical care. C. Free transport. D. Physical training. 3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2. B. The business centre of London is in Zone 1. C. Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre. D. Accommodation in the city centre is not provided. 4. According to the passage, what does Continental Breakfast include? A. Dessert and coffee. B. Fruit and vegetables. C. Bread and fruit juice. D. Cereal and cold meat. 5. Why do some people choose selfcatering accommodation? A. To experience a warmer family atmosphere. B. To enrich their knowledge of English. C. To entertain friends as they like. D. To enjoy much more freedom. | ||||||
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| A loving person lives in a loving world. A hostile (敌意的)person lives in a hostile world. Everyone you meet is your mirror. Mirrors have a very particular __1__. They reflect the image in front of them. Just as a __2__ mirror works as the vehicle to reflection, __3__ do all of the people in our lives. When we see something beautiful such as a flower garden, that garden __4__ a reflection. When we love someone, it"s a(n)__5__of loving ourselves. We have often heard things like "I love how I am when I"m with that person". That simply__6__ into "I" m able to love me when I love that other person". __7__, when we meet someone new, we feel as though we "click". Sometimes it"s as if we"ve __8__ each other for a long time. That feeling can come from __9__ similarities. Just as the "mirror" or other people can be a positive reflection, it is more likely that we"ll 10 it when it has a negative connotation (内涵). 11 , it"s easy to remember the times when we have met someone we" re not particularly 12 about. We may have some criticism (批评) in our mind about the 15 . This is especially true when we get to know someone with whom we would rather spend __24__ time. Often, when we 15 qualities in other people, ironically (讽刺地), it"s usually the mirror that"s 16 to us. At times we meet someone 17 and feel distant disconnected, or disgusted. 18 we don"t want t o believe it, and it"s not easy or 19 to look further, it can be a great learning lesson to 20 what part of the person is being reflected in you. It"s simply just another way to create more selfawareness. | ||||||
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