题目
题型：不详难度：来源：
They are social animals, living in groups of usually from 2 to 45 individuals. A hierarchy（统团） exists within the group, but the animals are friendly to one another. The young and the infirm（体弱的） are given special privileges within the group.
African wild dogs use their sense of sight, not smell, to find their prey. They can run up to 55 km/h for several kilometers. In eastern Africa, they mostly hunt Thomson"s gazelles, but they will also attack calves, warthogs, zebras, impalas, and the young of large antelopes such as the gnu.
Growing human populations have decreased or degraded the African wild dog"s habitat and also diminished their available prey. Road kill and human persecution（迫害） have also had a negative impact on African wild dog populations. This species is also susceptible to a variety of diseases such as distemper, which is controlled in domestic .dogs. Conservation of the African wild dog"s natural habitat must have the highest priority, as these dogs suffer in habitats modified by human intrusion（干扰）．
小题1:What does the underlined word "susceptible" mean?
| A．easily affected or suffered | B．badly doubtful |
| C．seriously harmful | D．highly dangerous |
a. the distribution of the dogs b. social living
c. highly increasing human populations d. human"s killing the dogs
e. many diseases f. the changes of their habitats
g. domestic dogs h. food reduction
| A．a. b, c, d, e | B．b, c, d, e, f | C．c, d, e, f, h | D．d, e, f, g, h |
| A．African wild dogs are completely different from domestic dogs in size, weight |
| B．African wild dogs are living in groups |
| C．African wild dogs use their eyes mostly when sleeping to guard |
| D．African wild dogs use their noses to find their food in most cases |
| A．In a pack there may be about 90 wild dogs and no leader. |
| B．There are no such wild dogs that are different. |
| C．African wild dogs can run at a speed of about 15 m/s for a long distance. |
| D．All African wild dogs kill zebras, impalas, and antelopes as their food. |
| A．African wild dogs are not in danger, because there are such a wide variety of patterns. |
| B．African wild dogs are not in danger, because are widely distributed across the African plains. |
| C．African wild dogs are in danger, because human"s activities have a great effect on them. |
| D．African wild dogs are in danger, because their habitats have been changed much. |
答案
小题1:A
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:C
小题5:D
解析
试题分析：文章介绍非洲野狗的生活习性，和现在非洲野狗的数量不断减少的原因。
小题1:猜词题：从文章最后一段的句子：This species is also susceptible to a variety of diseases such as distemper,可知这个物种也容易手各种各样疾病的感染，"susceptible" 是很容易受影响/得病的意思，选A
小题2:细节题：从文章最后一段的句子：可知影响野狗的数量的是：人类数量的增加，人类的***戮，很多疾病，居住地的改变，食物的减少，选C。
小题3:推理题：从文章第二段的句子：They are social animals, living in groups of usually from 2 to 45 individuals.可知非洲的狗是群居的，选B
小题4:细节题：从文章第三段的句子：They can run up to 55 km/h for several kilometers.可知非洲的狗可以以每小时15英里的速度跑很长时间。选C
小题5:推理题：从文章的句子：可以推断出非洲的野狗处于危险之中，因为它们的栖息地已经发生了很大的变化。选D。
核心考点
试题【Although similar in appearance to hyenas(土狼), African wild dogs are nevertheless】；主要考察你对题材分类等知识点的理解。[详细]
举一反三
Real radio
In the USA there are so many radio stations that those iPod tuner things don’t work at all. There is, simply, no dead air. It took me a while to discover the USA"s many public radio stations, which don"t broadcast any advertisements. KCRW is my favorites station, for its blend of indie music and current affairs. But I also listen to KJAZZ and KPCC. But before you feel jealous — it’s all online. My favorites: American life Snap Judgement and Henry Rollins live every Saturday night. Take listen online for free News? Well, there"s not a lot of news from South Africa, and when it is, it"s bad and full of fear, so I ignore it. But I care about any place I live in, and that includes the USA. And on public radio, the USA is covered in depth, from the perspective of individual stories rather than statistics.
The festivals
I’m jealously watching tweets and Facebook boasts and reviews from SXSW — seems like half the people I used to work with in South Africa are there,meeting Grumpy Cat and watching bands they’ve always wanted to see live. It’s great to know that these 1000s of festivals are so close, and that one day,if film school schedule ever allows me to leave campus for more than a few days, I can go to one or two of them. I have already exchanged my much loved Ford Mustang for a bigger, less sexy car — a car spacious enough to sleep in — so that next year I can be there, not just dream of it.
The famous people
When I go back to SA, I"m often asked if I’ve spotted any famous people. It"s awkward for me. I feel the the same way about it as I feel when an American asks me if there are lions in the streets. Except yes, I have. No,not lions. I have met some famous people. I chatted to RJ Mitte from Breaking Bad outside a dub in West Hollywood. Many of my professors are famous directors. The problem is, once you meet these famous people, they"re just people, FFS. This feels disappointing at first, like you"re missing a Jesus moment of some sort. But if you think about it, it"s inspiring. What it means, is that I, litlle me (right now, also "just a person") could be a famous just-a-person person one day, and get to make all the films I just dream of now.
小题1:The underlined sentence "There is,simply, no dead air." probably means____.
| A．there is no useless radio programmes in the USA |
| B．there is no useful radio programmes in the USA |
| C．there is no polluted air in the USA |
| D．there is no advertisements from the radio programmes in the USA |
| A．I often leave campus for more than few days |
| B．I often attend some of them in person |
| C．I bought a bigger Ford? Mustang |
| D．I can share many reviews and performances online with my friends in South Africa |
| A．are just Like lions | B．are well-known but ordinary |
| C．are disappointing | D．are inspiring |
| A．a director in America | B．a professor in South Africa |
| C．a student in America | D．an actor in South Africa |
Job applicants in the West increasingly find themselves asked strange questions like this．And the signs are that this is beginning to happen in China．
Employers want people who are skilled, enthusiastic and devoted．So these are the qualities that any reasonably intelligent job applicant will try to show no matter what his or her actual feelings are．In response, employers are increasingly using the questions which try and show the applicant’s true personality．
The question in the first paragraph comes from a test called the Kiersey Temperament Sorter．It is an attempt to discover how people solve problems, rather than what they know．This is often called aptitude (天资) test．
According to Mark Baldwin of Alliance, many job applicants in China are finding this type of questions difficult．“When a Chinese fills out an aptitude test, he or she will think there is a right answer but they may fail because they try to guess what the examiner wants to see．”
This is sometimes called the prisoner’s dilemma(窘境)．Applicants are trying to act cleverly in their own interest, but they fail because they don’t understand what the interviewer is looking for．Remember that in an aptitude test, the correct answer is the honest answer．
小题1:What is the purpose of the passage?
| A．To give a piece of advice to job interviewees． |
| B．To tell you how to deal with job interviews． |
| C．To advise you how to find a good job． |
| D．To describe an aptitude test． |
| A．not tell the truth |
| B．offer a complete answer |
| C．learn to tell what they really think |
| D．find out what the examiner wants to know |
| A．job applicants are always trying to show their actual feelings |
| B．applicants should not act as cleverly as possible |
| C．more Chinese applicants fail to find a job |
| D．aptitude test is becoming world-wide popular |
If you are sitting at a desk, place the palm of your hand on the desk, and take a moment to focus on what the surface of the desk feels like. Is it hot or cold, rough or smooth? Put all of your attention on the sensations in your palm, on how the desk feels underneath your hand. If you are not at a desk, do the same exercise by placing your palm on any nearby object—a wall, a chair, even your opposite arm.
When you are feeling stressed, your thoughts tend to take on a life of their own. You may be thinking about things you wish you had done differently in the past or worrying about things that you have to do in the future. These thoughts will make you feel anxious. The anxiety, in turn, increases the number of anxious thoughts.
If you can ground yourself even for a moment in the present, you will break the cycle and feel instant relief. Paying attention to what objects in your environment feel like forces you to pay more attention to the present moment than to negative, anxiety—provoking (刺激的，诱发的)thoughts about the past or about the future.
Try using your other senses too:
Try closing your eyes for a second(don’t try this while driving!) and breathe deeply through your nose. What do you smell?
When eating, put all your attention on how your food tastes.
What do you hear? What little noises are there around you that you didn’t notice before?
Look closely at an ordinary object. Do you see anything you haven’t noticed before?
小题1:By saying “Is your mind racing in circles”, the author intends to mean that______.
| A．you did something wrong in the past and wouldn’t forgive yourself |
| B．your mind is quick and bright when in a state of anxiety |
| C．you are thinking in a stupid way when anxious thoughts worries you a lot |
| D．you worried a lot and the anxious thoughts will increase your anxiety |
| A．play a small trick | B．feel the surface of the object |
| C．do some exercises | D．reduce your anxiety |
| A．sense of touching | B．sense of smell | C．sense of humour | D．sense of listening |
| A．Frist Aid to Anxiety----Senses |
| B．How Anxiety Works |
| C．The Cause of Anxiety—Senses |
| D．How to Deal with Anxiety |
For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of distraction, and brought news of the outside world．
The tough realities of the border also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest settler agent. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or only a charitable impulse (冲动） on the part of the settlers. It reflected the hardship of daily life: if you didn"t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation．
Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the exhausted traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist routes. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner, amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be understood neither as superficial（表面的）nor as artificial（虚伪的）, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals and customs is the basis of all social inter-relationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural meanings of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor"s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to tell polite customs from individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue （美德） that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
小题1:In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________．
| A．rude taxi drivers are hardly seen in the US |
| B．small-minded officials deserve a serious comment |
| C．Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors |
| D．most Americans are ready to offer help |
| A．culture has an influence over social inter-relationship |
| B．polite customs and individual interest are inter-related |
| C．various virtues shows themselves only among friends |
| D．social inter-relationships equal the complex set of cultural customs |
| A．to improve their hard life | B．in view of their long-distance travel |
| C．to add some taste to their own daily life | D．out of a charitable impulse |
| A．tends to be superficial and artificial |
| B．is generally well kept up in the United States |
| C．is always understood properly |
| D．has something to do with the busy tourist route |
It has long been known that the cars of a taxi firm called AAAA have a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers look through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbot has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a quite large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American presidents and vice-presidents have surnames starting with B and C separately and 26 of those before George Bush took office (including his father ) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world"s three top central bankers ( Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. The same case are the world"s five richest men ( Gates, Buffet and so on) .
Can this merely happen by chance? At the start of the first year in primary school, teachers seat pupils, alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted and small-sized Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is seldom asked the improving questions by those teachers. At that time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The unfairness continues. At university graduation parties, the ABCs proudly get their awards first. However, by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are a little tired. Lists of job interviews and conference speakers and attendees all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their readers lose interest as they plough through them.
小题1:What does the author intend to show with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
| A．An example of competition of two kinds of cars. |
| B．Some advantages of AAAA cars in the taxi firm. |
| C．An example of unfairness caused by alphabetism. |
| D．Some disadvantages of Zodiac cars in the taxi firm. |
| A．The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman. |
| B．In both East and West, names are important to success. |
| C．Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies" names. |
| D．The discrimination in alphabetism can be found in many areas. |
| A．alphabetically disadvantaged often escape from class |
| B．teachers should pay equal attention to all their students |
| C．questions are often put to the more intelligent students |
| D．students should be seated according to their eyesight |
| A．VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism. |
| B．People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often misunderstood. |
| C．Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional unfairness. |
| D．The movement to get rid of alphabetism still has a long way to go. |
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