Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man"s eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren (少植被的) snow-covered terrain (地形). So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature eases this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs (模糊), then is obscured (遮蔽), and the result is total, even though temporary, snow-blindness.
Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.
小题1:To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark
glasses are _________.| A．indispensable and essential | B．useful | C．ineffective | D．available |
小题2:When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _________.| A．balance the pain | B．treat snow-blindness | | C．clear the vision | D．loosen the muscles |
小题3:Snow-blindness may be avoided by _________.| A．concentrating on the solid white terrain | | B．searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain | | C．providing the eyes with something to focus on | | D．covering the eyeballs with more fluid |
小题4:The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to _________.| A．prevent the men behind losing their way | | B．beautify the landscape of the terrain | | C．warm themselves in the severe cold | | D．give the men behind something to see |
小题5:A suitable title for this passage would be _________.| A．nature"s cure for snow-blindness | | B．snow-blindness and how to overcome it | | C．soldiers marching in the snow | | D．snow vision and its effect on eyesight |
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小题1:C
小题2:A
小题3:C
小题4:D
小题5:B |
试题分析：本文讲述雪盲，及出现的原因与克服的方法
小题1:C细节理解题。根据第一段提到they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”.戴不戴眼镜都会产生“雪盲”的症状，如头疼，流泪甚至雪盲，故选C项。
小题2:A细节理解题。根据第二段By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome此时泪水流出来充满眼眶，眼睛看不清，导致雪盲
小题3:C细节理解题。根据第二段提到的侦察兵的做法告诉我们，雪盲的产生是因为在雪地里眼睛找不到具体目标，由于寻找不到看的物体才产生雪盲。人们就将灌木上的雪去掉，扔一些深色物体，其目的是C项。
小题4:D细节理解题。根据第二段提到Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape.可知目的是给一些背景给他们看，故选D项。
小题5:B 主旨大意。本文讲述雪盲，及出现的原因与克服的方法，故选B项。 |
核心考点
试题【Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses】；主要考察你对
题材分类等知识点的理解。
[详细]举一反三
For my daughter"s 19th birthday, we bought her tickets to go and see Linkin Park, as they were playing in our city. We didn"t really have the ____ but we knew how much this band meant to her.
The night before she was like a ____ at Christmas. Every so often she got up and came to ____ with us, because she couldn"t ___. On the night of the ____ it was good to see her so ____ and excited, as she and her boyfriend set off.
Needless to say when they ____ after midnight, with Tshirts and lots of pictures of the band, ____ her telling about how fantastic they had been, we knew the money had been well ____. This will be a memory she would ____ forget, and nor would we.
____ full of excitement from the night before, the following day they ___ to go shopping on the other side of the city. My husband and I ____， loving the fact that she had not ____ that quality as she grew up.
Later that day they returned, with faces full of happiness and warmth. They presented my husband and me with a ____ each. On each present were the words “Because you are the ____ mum/dad in the world”. When we said our thankyous and told her she didn"t have to, we asked her ____ she had bought us gifts. Her ____ was simply “Just because I love you”．
This wasn"t something ____ from our daughter; she had always given us a gift when she wanted to express her ____， and each gift was always a welcome surprise. It could have been anything, it wouldn"t have mattered, and it was the act itself and the feelings behind it.
| 小题1: | | A．money | B．time | C．interest | D．news |
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| 小题2: | | A．worker | B．baby | C．kid | D．parent |
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| 小题3: | | A．dance | B．learn | C．walk | D．sit |
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| 小题4: | | A．speak | B．sleep | C．stand | D．leave |
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| 小题5: | | A．concert | B．holiday | C．party | D．travel |
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| 小题6: | | A．healthy | B．happy | C．pretty | D．surprised |
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| 小题7: | | A．stayed | B．left | C．returned | D．turned |
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| 小题8: | | A．worrying about | B．caring for | C．looking at | D．listening to |
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| 小题9: | | A．lent | B．earned | C．saved | D．spent |
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| 小题10: | | A．ever | B．never | C．often | D．neither |
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| 小题11: | | A．Still | B．Only | C．Just | D．Also |
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| 小题12: | | A．continued | B．tried | C．decided | D．struggled |
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| 小题13: | | A．refused | B．cried | C．shouted | D．laughed |
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| 小题14: | | A．kept | B．lost | C．realized | D．discovered |
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| 小题15: | | A．gift | B．prize | C．ticket | D．picture |
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| 小题16: | | A．richest | B．oldest | C．best | D．cleverest |
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| 小题18: | | A．way | B．answer | C．suggestion | D．idea |
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| 小题19: | | A．important | B．ordinary | C．new | D．valuable |
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| 小题20: | | A．feelings | B．concerns | C．understandings | D．opinions |
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Most city parks are places where you can escape from big, ugly structures of metal and stone. The Manhattan High Line is different. Raised 25 feet above the ground, this massive metal structure once supported a rail line. The line opened in 1934 to bring trains directly into factories and warehouses. It was hardly used after the 1960s, and much of it was torn down. However, one section remained in an area of Manhattan called Chelsea. Chelsea was becoming more and more valuable as restaurants, art galleries and apartments were built, but the ugly railway structure remained as a dead weight. Everyone knew that at some time, it would have to be removed.
But the High Line was not destroyed. In fact, now the old rail line serves as one of the most peaceful places in the city. It holds an elevated park, with beautiful gardens, a sidewalk and great views of the city. The idea to change the rail line into a park came from Joshua David and Robert Hammond. In 1999, they attended a community meeting to decide the fate(命运) of the High Line. David and Hammond were the only people at the meeting interested in saving the structure for its historical significance. Later on, when they asked railway officials to take them up to look at the High Line, they saw a mile and a half of wild flowers growing in the middle of the city, and they realized that the High Line had potential to become a park. There was growing interest in improving urban centers, and so the project quickly won support and funds for construction were easily obtained.
The first section of the High Line opened in 2009 and immediately became popular with tourists and locals alike. Each part of the park has a different atmosphere. Some areas are like balconies (阳台)with wonderful city views. Where the rail line goes between buildings, trees are thickly planted. Other sections have wide walkways planted with wild flowers. Only the final section remains the way it has been for the last fifty years – a railway line overgrown with weeds.
小题1:The underlined phrase “a dead weight” in Paragraph 1 means_____.| A．something with potential to be better. | | B．something with historical interest. | | C．something which is a danger to people. | | D．something useless which slows progress. |
小题2:According to Paragraph 2, David and Hammond wanted to save the High Line because they_____.| A．thought it had historical value | | B．wanted to reopen the train line | | C．thought it would bring them money | | D．were interested in improving the city |
小题3:From the last paragraph, we can learn that the park ______.| A．is different in its design | | B．is covered with trees | | C．didn’t change at all | | D．became a natural countryside |
小题4:Which of the following is NOT true about the High Line?| A．It is situated above ground level. | | B．Only part of the line remains. | | C．It is now a popular park. | | D．Trains still use the line. |
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We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours" sleep alternating(交替) with some 16-17 hours" wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.
The question is no mere academic one. The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed（颠倒的） routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts(轮班) are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence (发生率) of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.
This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the pressure of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People occupied in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at two-hour intervals(间隔时间) throughout the period of wakefulness, it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.
小题1:The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in .| A．the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation | | B．the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently | | C．the fact that people working at night are often less effective | | D．the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers |
小题2:The best solution for implementing the 24-hour working system seems to be .| A．to change shifts at longer intervals. | | B．to have longer shifts | | C．to arrange for some people to work on night shifts only | | D．to create better living conditions for night workers |
小题3:It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because .| A．body temperature is higher when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternates | | B．body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or back | | C．the temperature reverses when the routine is changed | | D．people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently |
小题4:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?| A．Body temperature may serve as an indication of a worker"s performance. | | B．The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers has proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the- clock working system. | | C．Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine. | | D．Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts. |
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Four out of ten parents in the UK spend between ￡100 and ￡500 on their children’s birthday parties, according to a survey. Four in ten parents of children under 18, who were questioned in a survey, admitted that they felt pressured into organizing more expensive birthday parties for their children than they would like to.
How much parents spend on their children’s birthday parties is one of the most frequently discussed topics on parenting websites. Here is one comment on Mumsnet summing up the thoughts of many parents: “Where we live everyone hires places, entertainers and so on. I don’t want to compare with my rich neighbors, but I want my son to have what all his classmates have.”
The research was carried out on behalf of the children’s charity, Lumos, set up by the author JK Rowling. Just 13 percent of parents spent ￡50 or less in the past year on their children’s parties.
Many children’s clowns(小丑) or entertainers charge ￡150 or more for an hour, and parents often feel it necessary to book a special place. Even without these, the cost of plates, the cake and party bags can mount up. Party Pieces, a company set up by Carole and Michael Middleton, charge about ￡16 for a birthday cake for a party with 16 guests, ￡22 for table decorations and up to ￡48 for party bags.
Many children of famous people have increasingly expensive parties, often seen in famous magazines. Suri Cruise, the daughter of actor Tom Cruise and actress Katie Holmes, enjoyed a ￡100,000 birthday party according to a report.
Georgette Mulheir of Lumos, said,“Parents in the UK are under increasing pressure to spend more and more money on birthday parties for their children and their children’s friends.”
小题1:What’s the main idea of this passage?| A．Children’s birthday parties put their parents under financial pressure in the UK. | | B．Many parents are willing to spend more on their children’s birthday parties. | | C．Parents pay more and more attention to their children’s birthday parties. | | D．Children in the UK hope for more and more expensive birthday parties. |
小题2: What does the underlined part “mount up” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?| A．Increase. | B．Change. | C．Exist. | D．Count. |
小题3:By the example of the birthday party for Suri Cruise, the writer probably wants to show that________.| A．famous people love their children very much | | B．children of famous people can get whatever they want | | C．some children of famous people have really expensive birthday parties | | D．holding expensive birthday parties is common nowadays |
小题4:In which of the following sections would you most probably read this passage?| A．Business | B．Education | C．Science | D．Family |
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America’s Beauty Is in Its Diversity
America is built on the idea of freedom, and there is no exception for Muslim women. I ______the freedom of religion and speech. But mostly, I believe it’s OK to be______, and to stand up for who and what you are. So I believe in wearing the hijab.
The hijab is a religious head covering, like a scarf. I am Muslim, and keeping my head covered is a ______ of maturity(成熟) and respect toward my ______and to Allah’s will. ______, I also like to wear it to be different. I don’t usually like to do what everyone else is doing. I want to be a(n) ______, not just part of the crowd. But when I first wore it, I was also afraid of the______ that I’d get at school.
I ______ on my own that sixth grade was the______ I should start wearing the hijab. I was ______ about what the kids would say or even do to me. I thought they might make fun of me, or ____ be scared of me and ______ my headscarf. Kids at that age usually like to be all the same, and there’s little or no ______of differences.
On the first day of school, I put all those ______ thoughts behind my back and walked in with my head held high. I was holding my breath a little, but ______ I was also proud to be a Muslim, proud to be wearing the hijab, proud to be different.
I was______ about everything I thought the kids would say or even do to me. I actually met a lot of people because of wearing my head covering. Most of the kids would come and ask me questions--______--about the hijab and why I wore it.
I did hear some kids were making fun of me, ______there was one girl-- she wasn’t even in my class, and we never really talked much-- and she spoke______ me, and I wasn’t even there! I made a lot of new friends that year, friends that I still have until this very day, five years later.
Yes, I’m different, but everyone is different here, in one way or another. This is the______of America.
| 小题1: | | A．believe in | B．stick to | C．carry out | D．push for |
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| 小题2: | | A．dependent | B．free | C．sensitive | D．different |
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| 小题3: | | A．signal | B．sign | C．reminder | D．cause |
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| 小题4: | | A．religion | B．country | C．parents | D．status |
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| 小题5: | | A．In a word | B．In general | C．To be exact | D．To be honest |
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| 小题6: | | A．princess | B．heroine | C．individual | D．adult |
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| 小题7: | | A．praise | B．punishment | C．reaction | D．reflection |
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| 小题8: | | A．hoped | B．expected | C．realized | D．decided |
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| 小题9: | | A．time | B．chance | C．case | D．occasion |
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| 小题10: | | A．disappointed | B．scared | C．enthusiastic | D．angry |
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| 小题11: | | A．still | B．already | C．even | D．ever |
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| 小题12: | | A．show off | B．pull off | C．pick up | D．put up |
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| 小题13: | | A．rejection | B．ignorance | C．awareness | D．acceptance |
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| 小题14: | | A．negative | B．optimistic | C．serious | D．strange |
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| 小题15: | | A．often | B．inside | C．only | D．outside |
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| 小题16: | | A．concerned | B．particular | C．wrong | D．convinced |
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| 小题17: | | A．respectfully | B．cautiously | C．suspiciously | D．critically |
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| 小题19: | | A．in terms of | B．in front of | C．in charge of | D．in favor of |
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| 小题20: | | A．significance | B．beauty | C．value | D．power |
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